Tf YO BRANCH iG POAT SUCTI ry OF GUNTARIO Mt 00 0 uc AL NEWS ent + ; » . 7 Gg at x ; - 7 Ma a> rte Wn on aenenen ee penn anaes ny Riz uy eg Bix pai a -J. Brackenridge Clemens, ae Died 1867. as * ce a ~ PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor. 1S eatganedaend EL T. CRESSON, Jr., Associate Editor. Saeco. HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus. S. 5 ; ; Heh ok - Apvisory COMMITTEE: ies fe * EZRA T. CRESSON. dy J. A. G. REHN. 5 SB ie PHILIP LAURENT, — ERICH DAECKE. H. W. WENZEL. PHILADELPHIA : Tae ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE. ‘Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter. 5 aes “il ; ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS published monthly, exeepting August and Séptember. in charge of the Er logical Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Enis and the American Entomological Society. HS ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 IN ADVANCE. NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS $1.90 IN ADVANCE. 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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA. Vor. SV: OCTOBER, 1g14. _ No. 8. CONTENTS: Calvert—Studies on Costa Rican Odo- International Commission on Zoologi- TALA Vi ora veckiadia acid 6% aefdeisie siciccinae 337 cal Nomenclature .... .2...00se00 371 Swainson and Skinner—The Larva of Editorial—Aids to Scientific Work.... 372 Papilio homerus (Lepid., Rhop.).. 348 | Robertson—A new Melissodes (Hym.) 373 Townsend, Essig—Changes of Address 349 | Entomological Literature.............. 373 Dodd—A new Proctotrypoid Egg-para- Review of Oberthur’s Etudes de Lépi- site from the West Indies (Hym.) 350 dopterologie Comparée............ 379 Alexander—The Neotropical Tipulidae Doings of Societies—Pacific Coast En- in the Hungarian National Mu- tomological Society (Lep., Col., Serna (DDE: TV -saaies ocwtincts aso & 351 IEbyimieg DPipe feces SEN tishem conn 380 Franzen—Minnesota Butterflies (Lep.) 363 Ghibuere earl UGH S ce apielewaiie = isteieisiete 384 Studies on Costa Rican Odonata. V. The Waterfall-Dwellers: Thaumatoneura imagos and possible male dimorphism. By Puitie P. Catvert, Pu.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (Plate XIV.) History. In June, 1897, the late Robert McLachlan, of London, de- scribed a new and remarkable dragonfly under the name Thaumatoneura inopinata. He introduced his description with these words: “At the recent sale of the collections form- ed by the late Mr. Reginald Cholmondeley, of Condover Hall, Shrewsbury, I obtained the few Odonata, solely on account of a large Calopterygine, which was evidently something un- known, but the remarkable nature of which I did not fully realize until after it came into my possession. The former owner of the collection valued insects and other natural pro- ductions, solely for their beauty or forms, and cared little for names, and nothing for localities, so I am unable to say whence this specimen came; but as the pin (or rather skewer!) was similar to those used for some other insects in the same col- lection which were Chinese or Japanese in origin, I hazard a conjecture that it may belong to the same region.” In August, 337 338 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct.; 7a 1900, however, he was able to state that this insect belonged to the New World, as M. Martin possessed a specimen from Chiriqui, in Panama. About 1903 Mr. C. F. Underwood collected at Carrillo, Costa Rica, six males of Thaumatoneura and sent them to London, where they were acquired by Dr. F. D. God- man, and sent to me for study. Four of the six were the inopinata of McLachlan with the middle of each wing crossed by a broad, dark brown band. The other two had the wings uncolored, wherefore they received the name Thawma- toneura pellucida (Calvert, 1904). On June 23, 1909, the first day of our first stay at Juan Vifas, Costa Rica, our lepidopterological friends, Messrs. William Schaus and J. Barnes, gave us some Odonata which they had taken there for us, including some males of both inopinata and pellucida and two female Thawmatoneurae, so different from the males that it was impossible to determine to which of the two species they should be referred; they had the tips of all the wings dark brown. Thereafter, Thawma- toneura became for us one of the principal attractions of Juan Vinas, that delightful spot which, as readers of the NEws are already aware, furnished us with the remarkable larvae of Cora, of Mecistogaster modestus, and of other species still to be described. HABITATS AND Hapits. Of all the localities in Costa Rica which we visited, Juan Vifias was the only one where we ever saw Thaumatoneura. We were not at Carrillo, but in many respects the Odonate fauna of this place, judging from Mr. Underwood’s collection recorded in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, is very similar to that of Juan Vifas. The former is on the northern, the . latter on the southeastern slope of the volcano Irazt and their respective altitudes are 300 and 1040 metres (980 and 3400 feet). Thaumatoneura must surely live in still other places in Costa Rica. In our experience Thaumatoneura, as adult or as larva, was never more than a few yards distant from a waterfall and was most abundant within its spray. The sides of the canyon ! Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 339 of the Rio Reventazon at Juan Vifias descend steeply from 1200 to 760 metres (4000 to 2500 feet) at the river, and down the canyon side tumble many small streams and rivulets, of- ten in cascades and in falls of different heights. Where there is slant enough the wet rocks nearby are draped with mosses, maiden hair ferns, begonias, dwarf Selaginellas, Tradescan- tias, a Streptocarpus-like plant, etc., or in quieter more shel- tered places are Melastomes (Micomia), Commelina, etc. Only at three such falls did we ever observe Thawmatoneura, two of them at altitudes of about 3300 feet, the third at about 2500 feet. They were most abundant on the whole at one of the former two falls, one whose perpendicular height was the greatest of the three, perhaps 200-300 feet. We were puzzled why these insects should not be found also at other streams under generally similar conditions. An explanation of their absence from one of these streams, the little Rio Naranjo, is suggested in our diary: “At the Naranjo I saw a number of lizards from two inches to a foot in length and these possibly keep down the number of insects. At our two waterfalls [t. e. where we frequently found Thaumatoneura| we have seen no lizards.” We observed the imagos of Thaumatoneura in June (23-28), July 21 to August 3, September 28 and 29, when there was an evident decrease in their numbers; October 1 and Decem- ber 2, 1909. In February (14-18), and March (21), 1910, none could be found, but they were again visible in April. In June, 1909, the males of pellucida appeared to be less numer- ous than those of inopinata. All the males of Thaumatoneura observed in July were pruinose, but two teneral females were taken on August I. “Males, at least, often remain on the same spot for a long time without moving—I should say for half an hour or longer. Females seem less persistent, but one I timed was ten minutes on the same bit of twig. Except in pairing males, the wings of both sexes, when at rest, are held in the vertical position, folded together but every now and then an individual will open and then close its wings once or several times in succession.” “Standing at the bottom of the waterfall and looking up 340 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 714 through the spray and over the vegetation which carpets the almost perpendicular rocks, I could see the Thaumatoneuras— two species (inopinata and pellucida)—fluttering through the spray, chasing each other or alighting upon the rocks and plants. So heedless of the spray are they that it gathers in lit- tle drops on the wings or hangs suspended from the hind end of the body.” (June 24, 1909). “At the farther waterfall was one male each of T. inopinata and T. pellucida. I stayed here fully an hour during which there were periods of bright sunshine, but no more Thauma- toneuras came, and the two mentioned remained for long periods almost motionless on twigs until I caught them.” (De- cember 2, 1909). Owing to the habit of Thaumatoneura of spending most of the time over vertical wet rocks, the capture of them was often only possible by climbing up on the rocks themselves, or by, hanging with one hand to some long, dangling, nearby root or vine and with the other sweeping the net. Pairing of T. inopinata was observed twice on June 24 and once on June 27; of T. pellucida once on July 30 and again on October 1. Notes made at the time on the behavior of inopin- ata are to the following effect: The male seeks and flies after the female and seizes her by her prothorax, his superior ap- pendages being deeply inserted behind her prothorax and be- tween it and the mesothorax, while his inferior appendages are applied against the dorsal surface of her prothorax (this from a pair which I caught and held in my fingers). After seizing the female, the male probably applies the ventral sur- face of his ninth abdominal segment to the ventral surface of his second abdominal segment to charge the vesicle of the lat- ter with sperm; of this I am not entirely sure as I think I saw it but once and the operation itself occupies very little time. Male and female then assume the usual position of the Odonata in pairing. Different pairs of inopinata require different lengths of time to effect the attachment of the female to the male, one pair having made four or five attempts before this was accomplished, another pair effecting it at once. In one case on June 24, 1909, where I did not see the actual begin- Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS eet ning of mating, it was 3 P. M.; in the other case it began at 3.45 P. M. In both cases the male held his wings horizontal and expanded, the female had hers vertical and folded together. At the end of ten minutes the male released his hold of the female and at the same instant folded his wings together into the vertical position. The female, losing her attachment by her abdomen to the male, assumed in both cases a position about half an inch below the male resting on the same twig or rock on which he was. So the two remained for about four minutes. In the first case male and female then flew away at about the same instant, but not together, she to begin egg-laying. In the second case the female flew six inches or so away and began egg-laying while the male remained for at least ten minutes on the same spot (projecting rock) on which the pairing had oc- curred. In the case of June 27th, after pairing the male flew away leaving the female resting on the leaf which both had occupied. No pellucida were observed pairing in June and the males of this species were less numerous than those of inopinata. On July 30, 1909, after some hours’ watching, I saw a male pel- lucida and a female fly to a dead branch on the bank or side of the railroad cutting just west of the farther waterfall and about twenty feet above the tracks. There was no doubt that they were pairing, so it was highly desirable to capture them both. The steep bank was composed of reddish soil, loose stones and soft rock, and was wet from the rains. I climbed up as far as the steepness permitted, but the distance was still too great for the length of my net stick. After two attempts to lengthen it with branches, which chanced to be lying there, but which broke under the weight of the net, the umbrella was utilized for this purpose. Again I climbed the bank, but the soft earth gave way and collector, net and umbrella slid swiftly and separately to the railroad tracks. A second attempt had the same result. A third, made more cautiously, was so successful that the net was thrown over the accommodating pair which had lingered for at least ten minutes on the same branch and by gently dragging the net down over the bank I at last got the insects safe into my hands. Then it was that I realized for the 342 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 714 first time that this female was so like the females which we had seen and taken pairing with inopinata males that a minute com- parison would be necessary to determine whether there was any difference between them or not. We saw no other pairs of pellucida until October 1, 1909, when one was seen and obtain- ed at the same waterfall. What we presumed to be egg-laying was watched in three or four instances on June 24. The female made the usual ab- dominal movements seen in the Zygoptera generally, that is those adapted for inserting the eggs into plant substances. Some of these movements were, however, over hard rock and it seems unlikely that any eggs were placed on it. At other times the movements were made against moss and roots. At times the female had her abdomen buried to half its length in the mass of wet moss. Pieces of roots and of moss in which the oviposition had apparently been made were carried to our room at Cartago and kept in water for months but we never obtained any larvae from them. The ovipositing female is not accompanied or followed by the male. Indeed once, on June 24, a female flew close to a resting male without attracting any response from him. THE FEMALE. We have three females of Thaumatoneura taken while pair- ing; one is that taken with inopinata male on June 27, 1909, the other two taken with pellucida males on July 30 and Octo- ber I respectively. Nine other females were taken singly. All twelve females are compared in the accompanying table with respect to all the differences which I have been able to detect between the female of June 27 (No. 9) on the one hand, and those of July 30 (No. 11) and of October 1 (No. 12) on the other. It will be seen that these differences are very slight and that the positions of Nos. 9, 11 and 12 in the whole series are such as to render it unlikely that females of inopinata can be distinguished from those of pellucida by any of these features. Mate DiImMorPHIsM. This apparent lack of external characters separating the fe- males pairing with pellucida males from that pairing with in- 343 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. xxv] CoMPARISON OF THAUMATONEURA FEMALES ARRANGED IN ORDER ACCORDING TO THE RATIO 1 2 June 28) July 21 Length of left hind wing in mm. (a).......... 45 48.5 Width of left hind wing at origin of M., meas- ured at right angles to costa,in mm. (4).. | 10.5 11.5 b VMI UBIOL TAO —Wresiciiviee se ceceatice@ssesicsivessi || edo 287 a Width of left hind wing at proximal edge of brown spot at tip, measured parallel to WIG OVI Mins (CO) ew hiavulanecsisielan veisisitete 10. 10.5 Distance from tip of left hind wing to proxi- mal edge of brown spot measured at right ANIA tO Gand CHiN Mittarescesaetesce cess 9. 10. Point of beginning of two rows of cells be- tween M, and Rs with reference to the proximal edge of the brown spot at tip (FEOnt WINGS ONLY) tisiedevewcsieccesveese | OD Cells | distal distal Formulae showing how the increase in den- |2,3,8,3,| 2,3,3, sity of reticulation between My, and Cu, |3,8,3,8,| 8,8, 3, begins (front wings only)...........+s+e++ [4....(R)/4....(R) 2,2,38,3,| 2,8, 8, 8,8,8,8,| 8,38, Maton ka) Atlee kee) Length of the abdomen (including append-| 50 50 BSCR) AMM ela oy sie ss esa enmav est aneg hy nat 49.5 12 242 10.5 Apr. 30 245 L June 23 245 10.5 at he dista (L) 6 7 June 26} Aug. 1 49 49 12 12 245 245 I 10.5 10 9.5 at at 2, 2, 8, |2,8, 3, 3, 8,3, |4....(R) 4....(R) 2, 2,3, 3,/2, 2,8, 3, 8,3,3.8,| 38,3, acer Ls) 4. a'we( Ls) 54 52 b a | 8 9 10 May |June 27|\June 28 50.5 46 47 12.5 11.5 12 247 25 2205 1L.5 9.5 10.5 10.5 8. 9.5 at (R) at at 1 cell proxi- mal (L) 2, 8.3, 8,| 8, 8, 8, |2,3, 3, 3, (3,3,3,3,) 3,3, |8,3,3,4, 4....(R)/4....(R)} (R, L) 2, 2,8, 3,/8, 3,3, 8, 3,8, 8,3,|/3,8,3,3, 4...0(L)/4.0.(L 53 51 53 * ll 12 July 30} Oct. 1 49.5 48 18 18 263 27 11. ll. 8.5 9 4cells | 8 R} proxi- | 5(L mal cells proxi- mal | 2,8,8, |2,2,8,3, Sy 0c- [4ewc(R) fA aS) * Taken pairing with zzopfinata d. + Taken pairing with pel/ucida males, The year of No. 4 is 1910, of all others 1909, 344 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS {Oct., 14 opinata male suggests the query as to whether we are dealing with two or one species here. A number of species of Odonata are known (not to mention other groups) in which there is one form of male and two forms of females within the same spe- cies. Such are members of the genera Ischnura, Anomalagrion, Ceratura, Agriocnemis and Neurothemis, Erythrodiplax um- brata and funerea. While some of these so-called dimorphic females are explicable as due to differences in age, others can not be interpreted in that way. Can Thaumatoneura present an inverse case in which there are two forms of males and but one form of female in the same species? This leads us to con- sider the differences between the pellucida and inopinata males. When I originally described pellucida male, I could find only - two differences between it and inopinata male. One of these was the absence of any coloring on the wing, the other the presence of “a transverse pale citron band on nasus and on frons connecting the yellow genal spots,” this band being ab- sent in inopinata male. The pale citron of dried specimens, I now know, is pale blue in life. This diversity in the coloring of frons and nasus holds true for the majority of the present examples, but of the fourteen males of inopinata two have the pale band very well marked and three others have indications of some pale color on these parts. All fourteen pellucida males have the pale band. The inopinata males are slightly larger, average length of the abdomen 58.7, range 55-61 mm.; hind wing, average 47.6, range 45-49 mm. (14 specimens). Pel- lucida: Abdomen, average 57.25, range 52-61 ; hind wing, aver- age 46.85, range 44.5-49.5 mm. (14 specimens). I have not been successful in finding any other differences in the imagos. There is no reason to think that the two forms represent age differences because no transitional individuals (so far as the presence or absence of the coloring of the wings is concerned) have been found. We have seen both forms emerge from the larval exuviae at metamorphosis, and both forms become equally pruinose on the body although so markedly different in wing coloring. _ The seasonal distribution of our males is as follows: Jn- Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 345 opinata, June 23, 6 males; June 24, 2 males; June 26, 1 male; June 27, 1 male; July 21, 1 male; July 27, 1 male; December 2, I male; May 2, 1 male. Pellucida: June 23, 1 male; June 24, 2 males; June 26, I male; June 27, 1 male; July 22, 1 male; July 27, 1 male; July 30, 1 male; August 3, 1 male; September 28, 2 males; October 1, 1 male; December 2, r male; May I, I male. This list gives the actualities, not the possibilities, of capture ; on many occasions the insects were not molested as we wished to observe their habits and behavior. This list does show that both forms occur at the same times and, we may add, at the same waterfalls. Among our exuviae of Thaumatoneura we have one from which we saw inopinata male emerge, another from which pel- lucida male emerged. A minute comparison of these two ex- uviae has failed to furnish any differences other than those due to injuries sustained by the larvae previous to transformation. A definitive answer to the question raised on page 344 as to the relationships between the two male forms of Thauwma- toneura to each other and to the apparently single form of fe- male, can only be obtained from breeding experiments. As far as present evidence goes, I am inclined toward the dimor- phic male hypothesis. If it prove to be true, Thaumatoneura would furnish a case more or less parallel to those described by Westwood (1839) for certain Staphylinidae, Leuthner (1885) for Lucanidae, and Skinner (1913) for Lycaena pseudargiolus. ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTIVE NOTES. Some additional notes on our Juan Vifias material of Thau- matoneura are added. Description of the Colors of T. pellucida male, taken Dec. 2, 1900. Description made immediately after death. Eyes dark brown, almost black. Each gena with a round yellow spot below the base of the antenna; frons between the right and left yellow spots pale blue as also is the nasus, but the fronto-nasal suture has a black line and black encroaches on each side of the nasus from below. ‘Thoracic sutures and mid-dorsal carina lined with orange-yellow. A short occipital line, four small spots on the front prothoracic lobe and a pair of mid- dorsal spots on the middle prothoracic lobe are also orange-yellow. The rest of the body is black, covered with pruinosity on labium, under and lateral surfaces of thorax, most of abdominal segment 1, a 346 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 714 large part of the dorsum of 2, a transverse basal ring on 3-7, sides of 8, much of 9 and 10, especially on the dorsum. Legs yellowish, articulations and tarsi blackish. The colors immediately after death of T. inopinata male, also taken December 2, 19090, agreed with those noted above for pellucida, in- cluding the pale colors of frons and nasus, but there was very little pruinosity except on the ventral surface of the thorax and on the posterior abdominal segments. The dark band on the wings varies somewhat in width; its proximal edge is at the nodus, its distal edge at the costa is from 16 to 20 mm. distad on the front wings, from 21 to 25 mm. distad on the hind pair. The male of May 1, however, has the proximal edge of this band 6 mm. beyond the nodus and the distal edge at 21 and 26 mm. from the nodus on front and hind wings re- spectively; the costal and radial spaces between nodus and the prox- imal edge of the band are more or less brown. — The colors of the body of Thaumatoneura females (dry, I have no notes on living colors) are as in inopinata males. In none of them is a distinct pale band on frons and nasus present, such as can be seen plainly on the dried pellucida males; Nos. 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12, of the table on page 343, show traces of pale color on these parts. The markings at the tips of the wings are shown in Pl. XIV, Figs. 2, 4, and the dimensions of this brown area are given in the table just quoted. Dorsum of abdominal segment 10 with a median longitudinal carina; hind margin a little excised; appendages subequal to 1o in length, straight or nearly so, a little compressed, tapering to an acute apex, black. Ovipositor proper (gonapophyses of 8 + median gonapophyses of 9) reaching caudad not as far as the level of the hind end of 10, each lateral half having ten to twelve obliquely transverse ridges on its external (ectal) surface before the apex. Genital valves (lateral gonapophyses of 9) reaching caudad beyond the level of the hind end of 10, ventral edge of each in its caudal half hairy and denticulated, hind end emarginated, valvular process attached at the deepest point of the concavity and directed caudad and ventrad. The variation in the number of antenodals is as follows, the num- bers giving percentages of wings: Front wings 14 inopinata S| 14 pellucida S| 12 Th. Q with 3 67.87 71.4 70.83 with 3 and rudimentary 4th Be57, Bl57 with 4 28.57 25.0 25.0 with 2 4.16 Hind wings with 3 Vist 71.4 62.5 with 3 and rudimentary 4th Sosy : A a with 4 21.42 17.85 37-5 with 5 3-57 Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 347 In all cases the “rudimentary 4th” antenodal is a small stump pro- jecting from the anterior side of the subcosta toward, but not reach- ing, the costa. The relationships of Thaumatoneura have been discussed by McLachlan (1897), Needham (1903), Foerster (1909), and the writer (1902, 1913). The larva of Thaumatoneura will be described in the next number of these studies. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Catvert, P. P. 1901. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Neuroptera, p. 58, Tab. III, Figs. 16, 21, 27. (Brief description of T. inopinata 6 ; habitus, venation and appendages figured.) Cf. I. c., p. 354 (1907). CALVERT, P. P. 1902. On the Systematic Position of Thaumatoneura inopinata, McLachlan (Order Odonata), with some remarks on the Classification of the Suborder Zygoptera. Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) XIII, pp. 29-32. (Refers Th. to the Agrionine legion Podagrion of de Selys.) CALvert, P. P. 1904. Thaumatoneura again. Ent. News, XV, p.>216. (Original description of pellucida ¢ ; additional data on inopinata 3.) Catvert, P. P. 1910. Zoological Researches in Costa Rica. Old Penn Weekly Review of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadel- phia, IX, pp. 165-170. (General account of the habits and habitat of Th., p. 167.) Catvert, P. P. 1913. The Fossil Odonate Phenacolestes, with a dis- cussion of the Venation of the legion Podagrion Selys. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913, pp. 225-272, Pl. XIV. (Comparison of gen- eric characters of Th., p. 233; relationships of Th., pp. 233-235; defense of its reference to legion Podagrion against views of Foerster and of Needham.) Foerster, F. 1909. Beitrage zu den Gattungen und Arten der Libel- len. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. Wiesbaden, LXII, pp. 213-235. (Refers Th. to the Calopteryginae, p. 214.) LeuTHNER, F. 1885. A Monograph of the Odontolabini, a subdivision of the Coleopterous family Lucanidae. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, XI, pp. 385-491, Pls. LXXXIV-XCVII. (Dimorphic males in the same species, pp. 380, 395-400. McLacuiaAn, R. 1897. Thaumatoneura inopinata, a new genus and species of Calopteryginae. Ent. Mo. Mag., London, XXXIII, pp. 130-131. (Original description; cf. also |. c. (2), XI, p. 189, 1900.) NEEDHAM, J. G. 1903. A Genealogic Study of Dragonfly Wing Vena- tion. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, pp. 703-764, 24 Pls. (Refers 348 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 14 Th. to the Anormostigmatini, or legion Pseudostigma Selys, of the Agrioninae, pp. 748-749, footnote.) Sxrnner, H. 1913. Antigeny in Nearctic- Butterflies (Lepid.). Ent. News, XXIV, pp. 23-27. (Dimorphic males of Lycaena pseudargi- olus, pp. 25, 26.) Westwoop, J. O. 1839. An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects, Vol. I. (Dimorphic males in the same species of Staphy- linidae, p. 172. See comment in Darwin’s Descent of Man, Chap. X; Appleton’s edition of 1896, New York, p. 299.) EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. Figs. 1 and 2. Male Thaumatoneura inopinata and female taken pairing at Juan Vifias, Costa Rica, June 27, 1909. x 34. Figs. 3 and 4. Male Th. pellucida and female taken pairing at the same place, October I, 1909. x 3%. Fig. 5. Right hind wing of Th. pellucida 6, shown in Fig. 3. x 2 1-6. All five figures from photographs by Mr. H. A. Walters. The Larva of Papilio homerus (Lepid., Rhop.). By E. M. Swatnson and Henry SKINNER, M.D. (Plate XVI, fig. 2.) Papilio homerus, the largest American butterfly, one of the largest of the Papilio family, is said to be found only in the Island of Jamaica, West Indies. The larva is very curious and differs from most of the caterpillars of the Papilionids in not having the two fleshy retractile tentacles upon the back of segment next the head. ‘The color is green and brown; across the “neck” is a band of white, in shape something like a half moon, and on this band are spots of blue; in front of this is a band of brown with a spot at each end, in the centre of which is a line of pale blue. These spots look very like eyes when the larva is at rest. .The caterpillar is about two and a half inches long. It gener- ally rests on top of the leaf and is about the same color of green; this may account for its not being easily found as the tree is a lofty one. Five or six caterpillars will lie all to- gether near the leaf stalk, and the eye-like spots on their heads give them the appearance of being on the watch for something. One of us has published some notes on the occurrence of this species at Bath, Jamaica, in Volume I of the Journal of the Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 349 Institute of Jamaica. First noticed it about in October, 1890; very seldom see more than one at a time. October 14th caught a large specimen, 61% inches across. November 6th a friend captured a female specimen; she deposited 12 eggs of _a light green color. 1891 first saw one in April; did not see another until July, and on the 17th caught a good specimen, 6 inches across; got this one up the Fountain Road. August 2tst captured another in my garden. Since then have not seen one down here, but up Beacon Hill, two miles above Bath, on September 27th saw a poor specimen, but could not catch it. October 13th captured a good specimen, 634 inches across the wings ; it was the largest homerus I have ever seen. . The larva is described by E. Stuart Panton in the same Journal, I, 375, 1893, from a larva sent by Mrs. Swainson. On p. 381 it is said that the food plant was doubtfully deter- mined as the mahoe, Hidiscus elatus, var. abutiloides. The larva was also described by C. B. Taylor in Enr. News, V, tor, 1894. He says the food plant is a tree growing to a large size and of great height, bearing subovate leaves with long stalks, deep glossy green. The local name, “Water Wood” ; botanical name unknown. A note by the then editor of the News says the food plant is probably Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq. Colonel Wirt Robinson* found what is probably the true home of this Papilio, at the summit of Cuna Cuna pass in the Blue Mountains. On July 13th he took fifteen specimens and between July roth and 20th caught 44. His account of the journey after homerus is very interesting. Our half-tone illustration is from a colored drawing of the larva made by Lady Blake. : Changes of Address. Please insert in next issue of the News my change of address from Lima, Peru, to U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C., which will be in force after July rst—C. H. T. TowNnsenp. I beg to announce my change of address from The California State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, California, to The Depart- ment of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, California— E. O. Essie. *Ent. News XIV, 17, 1903. 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 14 io) A New Proctotrypoid Egg-parasite from the West Indies (Hym.). By Atan P. Dopp, Nelson, via Cairns, Queensland. Family SCELIONIDAE, Sub-family TELENoMINAE. Genus Phanurus Thomson. Phanurus flavus sp. nov. 2. Length, 080 mm. Golden yellow, the eyes and ocelli black. Head transverse quadrate, scarcely as wide as the thorax. Thorax one-half longer than wide; mesonotum finely polygonally sculptured, without furrows. Abdomen as long as the head and thorax united; much narrower than the thorax, pointed ovate, twice as long as wide, second segment occupying almost the entire length; first and base of second segment striate. Antennae I1-jointed; scape slender, equal to next four joints com- bined; pedicel slender, twice as long as wide; first funicle joint much narrower than the pedicel, scarcely longer than wide; second and third subequal, a little longer than the first; fourth very small; club 5-jointed, joints 1—4 quadrate, first joint small. Forewings extending well beyond tip of abdomen, moderately nar- row, hyaline, longest marginal cilia equal to one-half greatest wing width; discal cilia fine, moderately dense, arranged in about 20 rows; submarginal vein attaining the costa at about two-fifths wing length; marginal vein one-half as long as the stigmal, which is moderately long, rather oblique; postmarginal vein twice as long as the stigmal. é. Antennae 12-jointed, filiform, funicle joints 1-3 slender, sub- equal, twice as long as wide; 4-9 subequal, -scarcely longer than wide; last joint as long as the pedicel. (From several specimens, two-thirds inch objective, 1 inch optic,. Bausch and Lomb). Described from several specimens of each sex, on two slides, received from Dr. L. O. Howard, and labeled ‘360-1912. Bred from eggs of Ormenis sp. collected 19th Apr., ’12. Rio Pedras, P. R. Thos. H. Jones.” The host is a Fulgorid, and I know of no other Telenomid reared from leafhopper eggs. Habitat—West Indies (Rio Pedras, Porto Rico). Types—United States National Museum, No. 16364, 3 males, 2 females on a slide. Tol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 351 The Neotropical Tipulidae in the Hungarian National Museum (Diptera).—IV. By Cuas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, New York. (Plate XV.) Sub-family TIPULINAE, Tribe Trev.int Genus Macromastix Osten Sacken. Macromastix pygmaea sp. n. (PI. XV, fig. 1). Size small (wing of 2 about 105 mm.); wings with R2 obliterat- ed; halteres very long and slender. Male—Length 8 mm.; wing, 10.3 mm.; antennae about 9.5-I0 mm. Palpi dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head brown, an- tennae a little longer than the body, the flagellar segments being great- ly elongated, antennae densely clothed with rather short delicate hairs; fore part of the vertex produced into a prominent conical tubercle; front and vertex gray, occiput brownish. Mesonotal praescutum light brown somewhat darker in front and on the sides, but without apparent stripes; scutum with the lobes brown; scutellum and postnotum light brownish yellow. Pleurae, mesopleurae darker brown than the yellowish metapleurae. Halteres very long and slender, yellowish at base, the remainder brown. Legs, coxae and trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow bas- ally soon passing into brown; tibiae and tarsi brown. ; Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc more yellowish; stigma scarcely indicated; veins brown. Venation, Rs very short, R2 obliterated. (See Plate XV, figure 1). Abdomen with the two basal segments light brown; remainder of abdomen dark brown; hypopygium simple. Holotype——Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. The reference of this species to Macromastix is somewhat provisional. It agrees with M. chilensis Philippi’ in its antennae and simple hypopygium, but the obliteration of vein R2 is a character suggesting certain of the Dolichopezini. I do not care to erect a new genus upon a single specimen. As I have shown before,? Enderlein’s M. appendens (Zool. Jahrb., Vol. 32, pt. I, pp. 14, 15) is not a Macromastix at all, but a true Tipula. 1Philippi, Verh. Zool. bot. Gesell. Wien. Vol. 15, p. 617 (1865). 2 Alexander, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, No. 4, p. 355 (1912). 352 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., ’14 <= Genus Holorusia Loew. Holorusia flavicornis sp. n. (Pl. XV, fig. 2). Antenne of @ elongate, without bristles; thoracic dorsum rich chestnut; pleurze yellow above, paler beneath, a dark lateral stripe; wings pale brown. Male.—Length, 13.2 mm.; wing, 19.3 mm.; antenne, about 7.5 mm. Fore leg, femur, 10.8 mm.; tibia, 12.3 mm.; tarsus, segment I, 21.4 mm. Palpi rather short, dark brownish black, the frontal prolongation of the head rather long, the nasus very long and sharply pointed, the prolongation is brown, rather darker on the sides; antenne elongate, scapal segments very small, the first only a little longer than the second, the flagellar segments elongate cylindrical, not incised, with- out bristles but densely clothed with very short pale hairs; antenne light yellow, the apical flagellar segments a little darker; head with a light brown median stripe, the sides behind the eyes rich chestnut brown. Pronotum rich chestnut medially, light yellow on the sides, this color being the anterior end of a broad pale stripe underneath the mesonotal przscutum. Mesonotal prescutum rich chestnut brown, stripes not very distinct, the lateral margins of the sclerite rather darker; scutum dark brown; scutellum brown; postnotum dark brown in front, light dull yellow behind. Pleure rather pale; a yel- low stripe, described above, running from the pronotum almost to the wing root; ventrad of this, a dark brown stripe running from the cervical sclerites almost to the wing root; ventral pleural sclerites brownish yellow. Halteres rather short, brown. Legs, coxz and trochanters dull yellow; femora yellowish brown, passing into brown, the tip dark brown; tibie brown, the extreme base pale, almost white; tarsi brown; legs long and slender. Wings with a pale brown suffusion, cell C more yellowish, stigmal region dark brown; a brown cloud at the origin of Rs; subhyaline droplets in cell rstR1, end of R5, M1, base of M2 and tip of 1stA near the vein 2ndA. Venation, see Plate XV, figure 2. The wing figured shows an adventifious crossvein in cell R3 dividing this into two cells the other wing being normal. Abdominal tergites brown, the genitalia more yellowish, sternites a little more yellowish. Hypopygium small, 8th tergite rather narrow, especially medially; 8th sternite rather short, produced caudad into a very short sheath for the oth sternite. Ninth tergite rather square, the caudal margin deeply concave, the latero-caudal angles produced into prominent lobes which are somewhat divergent, the tips and cau- dal margin provided with numerous black bristles. Ninth sternite rather large, pleura not distinct, near the base of the sclerite on the Plate XV. Ent. News, VoL. XXV. NEOTROPICAL TIPULIDAE, IV.—ALEXANDER. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 353 ventro-median line underneath the protecting sheath of the 8th stern- ite is a median lobe directed ventrad, deeply divided medially to form two cylindrical lobes which are densely clothed with long, appressed silky hairs. Pleural region with the following appendages: a large pale external appendage, directed dorsad in a position of rest, its tip rather sharp-pointed, on its outer margin near the middle, with a prominent chitinized tooth, the whole appendage clothed with long pale hairs; inner appendage smaller, flattened, fleshy, pale, clothed with abundant pale hairs. Inside of the genital chamber, just beneath the lobes of the oth tergite is a pair of irregular appendages very densely provided with small, rounded chitinized tubercles. Holotype.—Male, Venezuela, ex. Coll. H. Fruhstorfer, in the Hungarian National Museum. From the species of what seem to be Holorusia, pallidi- nervis Mcqt. (Dipt. Exot., Suppl. I, p. 16) and albocostata Meat. (1. c., pp. 15, 16), this differs in its wing-pattern and long pale yellow antennae. From H. maya Alex. (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, p. 358, 1912) it differs in its much smaller size and quite different color. Holorusia laevis, sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 8, 15). Flagellum of antennze without bristles; antenne of ¢ moderately long, flagellum bicolored; mesonotum reddish brown with indistinct darker lines; wings light brown, a square spot in cell M near the mid- dle of its length. Male—Length, 13.4 mm.; wing, 18 mm.; fore leg, femur, 11 mm.; tibia, 11.5 mm.; tarsus, segment I, I9 mm. Palpi moderate in length, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head rather short, nasus very long and prominent, front light brown; antenne moderately long, if bent back, extending a little beyond the wing root, segment I rather short, about one-half as long as the third segment, flagellar segments cylindrical, not constricted, unarmed with bristles except a small pair at the tip, segments 1 and 2 light brown, 3 dark brown, 4 to 8 dark brown, yellowish at the tip, 9 to the end dark brown, the entire flagellum densely covered with white downy hairs; head rich brown. (See Plate XV, fig. 15). Pronotal scutum reddish brown, scutellum almost white. Mesonotal prescutum reddish brown with very narrow indistinct darker lines; scutum reddish brown; scutellum and postnotum pale yellowish white. Pleure uniform pale yellowish. Halteres rather long, brown. Legs, coxze and trochanters light yellow, femora light yellowish brown, dark brown at the tip; tibia brown, scarcely darker at the tip; tarsi brown. 354 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Oct. 32 Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc brownish, stigmal region brown, a brown cloud at the origin of Rs, a square patch in the middle of cell M over the vein Cu; base of cell M dark. Abdominal tergites 1-5 dull yellowish, 6-8 dark brown, 9 yellowish, pale; segments 3-6 pale on the lateral margin; apical sternites dark brown; oth and caudal part of the 8th light yellow. Hypopygium: gth tergite from above, rather quadrate, the caudal margin with a median notch, the whole posterior face provided with numerous black bristles as in this group of species (flavicornis, et al). Eighth ster- nite short, dark basally, pale reddish yellow apically; oth sternite very elongate giving the caudal margin of the hypopygium an oblique ap- pearance when viewed from the side, pleural suture incomplete; outer pleural appendage long, flat and tapering to a point, fleshy, pale, clothed with long hairs. (See Plate XV, fig. 8). Inner appendage short, fleshy, concave on the outer face. Holotype—Male, Asuncion, Paraguay, May 5, 1904 (Ve- zenyi), in the Hungarian National Museum. Holorusia orophila sp. n. (Pl. XV, fig. 14). Flagellum of antenne without bristles; antenne short, the flagel- lum bicolored; mesonotum light brown with about five narrow darker lines; wings with a square spot in cell M near the middle of its length. Male—Length, 13.5 mm.; wing, 168 mm. Fore leg, femur, 9.6 mm.; tibia, 10.8 mm. Palpi rather short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head short, nasus very long and prominent, brown; antennz short, if bent backward, not attaining the wing root; the first segment elongate as long as the succeeding three segments combined; flagellar segments short-cylindrical, without bristles; first three antennal segments dull yellow; segments 4-10 dark brown basally, yellow apically, terminal antennal segments dark brown; head dark brown, narrowly paler be- hind adjoining the eyes. (See Plate XV, figure 14). Thoracic notum, prescutum light brown with about five narrow darker lines, one median and with two indistinct lateral stripes on either side; scutum and scutellum light brown, the latter paler, yel- lowish; postnotum dull yellow, darker on the sides. Pleurze pale dull yellow, unmarked. Halteres rather long, brown, a little paler basally. Legs, cox dull light yellow; trochanters and femora yellowish brown, the latter a little darker at the tip, tibize and tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline; cells C and Sc brown; stigma brown; a brown spot in cell M near the middle of the length of Cu; cells R and M brown at the base. Abdomen with the basal tergites dull yellow; 5-6 with a broad brown median stripe; 7 with the caudal margin dark brown; 8 en- Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 355 tirely dark brown; 9 yellowish. Sternites 1-6 dull brownish yellow, the apical sternites dark brown. Holotype-—Male, San Lorenzo, Sierra, Colombia (Ujhelyi), in the Hungarian National Museum. Holorusia peruviana sp. n. Flagellum of antennze without bristles; antenne dark brown; meso- notum light brown with broad brown stripes; wings without well defined markings. Male.—Length, 13.3 mm.; wing, 17.1 mm.; fore leg, femur, 7.8 mm.; tibia, 8.9 mm.; tarsus, 14.2 mm. Palpi short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head very short and stout, brown, nasus distinct, large; antennz, scapal segments short, brown, flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, dark brown, without bristles, but clothed with a dense fine pubescence; head brown, a median line and the region adjoining the eyes very dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum pale with three broad brown stripes, the me- dian one very broad, bisected by a dark brown line; scutum brown- ish gray; scutellum and postnotum light gray with a narrow indis- tinct brown median line. Pieure with a broad light band across the dorsal sclerites extending from the pronotum to the wing root; me- dian pleural sclerites light gray with three ovai dark brown spots which form an interrupted lateral band; mesosternum gray with a light brown suffusion. Halteres rather long, brown, pale at the ex- treme base. Legs, coxe light gray; trochanters dark brown; femora brown, darker at the tip; tibiz and tarsi brown. Wings with a light gray suffusion; stigma light brown; a rounded gray cloud at the origin of Rs; a subhyaline blotch in cell 1sf4 at the margin. Venation: Cell 1stM2 very long, petiole of cell Mz short or lacking. Abdominal tergites light brown, a slightly darker median stripe; segments 6-8 dark brown; sternites, segment 1 dark brown, 2-5 light yellow, dark brown medially, 6-8 dark brown. Holotype——Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. The reference of some of the above species to Holorusia is doubtful, but they agree better with that genus than with the typical Tipula and so I describe them as species of Holorusia. 356 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 14 Genus Tipula Linnaeus. Tipula gladiator sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 6, 7). Antenne of the male elongate, basal segments yellow, flagellum dark brown; thorax dark grayish brown; wings dull yellowish; 8th sternite of the ¢ genitalia produced caudad into a long curved sabre- like appendage. Male—Length, 16.2 mm.; wing, 14 mm. Palpi with the basal segments a little darker than the dull yellow apical segments; frontal prolongation of the head short, nasus dis- tinct, darker brown above, more yellowish beneath and on the sides; antenne elongate, if bent backward extending about to the 3rd ab- dominal segment; segments I and 2 light yellow, flagellar segments dark brown covered with short pale hairs; the segments not cylin- drical, but feebly incised on the lower face; head gray, a little clearer on the occiput. Pronotal scutum dark brown bordered with gray. Mesonotal pre- scutum brown with indistinct darker brown stripes of which the me- _dian one is double; scutum brownish gray; scutellum brown; post- notum light gray. Pleure pale with a clear light gray bloom on the mesopleure. Halteres brown, pale at the base. Legs, coxe pale yellow with a sparse grayish bloom, most pro- nounced on the fore coxe; trochanters dull yellow; remainder of legs broken. Wings with a brownish yellow suffusion; stigma oval, brown. Venation as in Plate XV, figure 6. Abdominal tergites dark brown; a large triangular yellow blotch on the sides of the second segment on the caudal half; genitalia yel- lowish; two basal sternites dull yellow, 3-7 dark brown. Hypopygium: Eighth tergite broad; 8th sternite with the caudal margin produced backward in a long curved appendage, much exceeding the remaining parts of the hypopygium; its dorsal face concave, the appendage sparsely clothed with short appressed hairs. Ninth tergite with a -blunt lobe on the caudal margin on either side of the concave median portion, the latero-caudal angles produced backward into long, slen- der, chitinized spines which are directed caudad and slightly ventrad; oth sternite small. Appendages which seem to come from the pleural region are: first, a ventral appendage, irregular, rather chitinized apically, its dorsal margin near the tip with a rounded notch; second appendage, above the first, a sharp, heavily chitinized spine directed caudad; third appendage, large, feebly chitinized, its apex notched (possibly median. in position as it seems to be unpaired); fourth, dorsad of these three appendages and just underneath the spines of the oth tergite is a sub-fleshy lobe more chitinized apically, clothed with long delicate hairs (not shown in the figure). Lateral aspect of the hypopygium shown in Plate XV, figure 7. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS: 357 Holotype-—Male, Theresopolis, Brazil, in the Hungarian National Museum. The remarkable hypopygium of the male at once separates it off from the other species in the Neotropical fatina. Tipula guarani sp. n. Antenne brownish yellow; thorax brownish gray with brown stripes; femora brownish yellow, tip broadly brown; wings hyaline with brown spots and gray clouds. Female—Length, 33 mm.; wing, 23.2 mm.; fore leg, femur, 11.6 mm.; tibia, 14.4 mm. Palpi rather long, the three basal segments rather stout, the last segment slender, palpi dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head rather long, brown; antenne, segment 1 elongate, first flagellar seg- ment rather stout, antenne brownish yellow; head pale yellowish brown with a narrow stripe of dark brown. Thoracic pronotum pale gray, dark brown medially. Mesonotal prescutum light brownish-gray with dark brown stripes, the median stripe broadest in front, a little narrowed behind, the thoracic stripes contrasting strongly against the pale ground color; scutal lobes largely brown with an isolated rounded brown spot on the cephalic margin of each lobe, this being the caudal end of the lateral prascutal stripe; median portion of the scutum brown; scutellum and postnotum gray- ish brown medially. - Pleure dull gray with brown spots on the meso- pleure. MHalteres rather long, brown, the knob darker. Leg, coxe grayish brown; trochanters dull yellow; femora brown- ish yellow, the tip broadly dark brown; the fore legs, especially, show a broad yellow subapical ring; tibize brownish yellow, the tip indis- tinctly darker; tarsi brown. Wings hyaline with brown spots and gray clouds, as follows: Brown spots at the base of the wing, midlength of the distance be- tween the base of 1 and the origin of the sector; at origin of Rs, stigmal region, brown seam to vein Cu and most of the crossveins and deflections of veins; tip of cells R2 and R3 grayish brown; gray clouds in all the caudal cells of the wing. Venation: Rs long, slen- der, lying rather close to R1; crossvein m-cu present. Abdominal tergite I brownish gray; 2-8, dull orange-yellow, a little suffused with darker; segment 9 and ovipositor brown; sternites yel- low, median line brown. Ovipositor, tergal valves very long, very slender and straight, the margins smooth, tips scarcely expanded, sternal valves short. Holotype-—Female, Rio Grande, Brazil, in the Hungarian National Museum. The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe. 358 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 14 Tipula oblique-fasciata Macquart. One female from Chiriqui, Central America. Tipula sp. One female, monilifera group, Mexico. Tipula apterogyne Philippi. Three males, Concepcion, Chile; P. Herbst, 1903, 1904. Tipula abortiva sp. n. Female with rudimentary wings; wings black with a whitish cross- vein in the neighborhood of the cord. Female.—Length, 16 mm.; wing, 8 mm.; fore leg, femur, 5.3 mm.; tibia, 5.4 mm.; tarsus, 6.1 mm. Palpi short, dark brownish black; frontal prolongation of the head brown, the nasus rather prominent; antenne, segments 1 and 2 brown; flagellum brownish black; head light brown, more gray on the occi- put, with a very indistinct, narrow brown median line best indicated on the occiput. Pronotal scutum dark brownish black, a little paler on either side behind; scutellum pale grayish with three brown marks. Mesonotal prescutum suffused with dark brownish black in front, light gray with three very pale brown stripes, the median one broadest, the lateral ones very indistinct. Scutum, scutellum and postnotum dull gray, the two latter with an indistinct median brown mark. Pleure mostly dark brown. Halteres rather short, brown. Legs, coxze grayish brown; trochanters brownish yellow; femora, tibie and tarsi dark brown. Wings very short, dark brown with a faint white crossband across the cell 1stM2 extending from the end of cell R to the middle of cell M3. Abdominal tergites with segment I brown, segments 2-8 reddish brown, the lateral margins suffused with brown; sternites reddish brown, the segments with an indistinct median brown mark; seg- ments 8-9 dark brown; caudal segments of body and ovipositor shiny; tergal valves of the ovipositor long, slender, straight; sternal valves much shorter. Holotype.—Female, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. Tipula campa sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 5, 9-12, 18). Color of the thorax light gray; basal abdominal segments orange- yellow; subterminal segments dark brown; antenne of the ¢ very long. Male—Length about 11 mm.; wing, 14.4 mm.; fore leg, femur, 8 mm.; tibia, 8.6 mm.; tarsus, II mm. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 359 Palpi very short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head short, light gray; antenne very long, if bent backward extending about to the eighth abdominal segment, scapal segments light brown, flagellar segments very dark brown; after the first, each segment is swollen at its base and less so before its tip, provided with a few black bristles and abundant long pale hairs. (See Plate XV, figure 18). Front with a well defined tubercle which is bisected by a deep median furrow; head gray. Pronotum dark brown, bordered with gray; mesonotal prescutum very light gray with four bright brown stripes, one on either side of the median line, pale and:indistinct in front, clearer behind; lateral stripes short, lateral margin of the sclerite of the same color; scutum gray, the anterior end of each lobe with a rounded chestnut brown — spot; scutellum and postnotum light gray, the latter dusky on the sides. Pleure clear light gray. Halteres light brownish yellow bas- ally, passing into brown. Legs, coxe light gray, trochanters yellow; femora light brown, dark brown at the tip; tibiz and tarsi brown. Wings subhyaline, cells C and Sc pale brown, a brownish tinge in the vicinity of the stigma, at ends of cells R2 and R3; hyaline blotches not well defined. Venation, see Plate XV, figure 5. Abdomen, tergites 1-4 bright yellow, 5-8 passing into brown; 9 light yellow; sternites yellowish; the lateral margins of the tergites are broadly dark brown. The male genitalia with the 8th tergite broad, dark colored, except at the base where it is reddish; oth tergite very pale yellow, viewed from above (see Plate XV, figure 11), large, subquadrate, the outer lateral angles rounded, caudal margin with a very deep median notch; viewed from the side the caudo-lateral mar- gin with a rather sharp protuberance. Eighth sternite (Plate XV, figure 10) with the caudal margin rounded and with a prominent me- dian protuberance. Ninth sternite (from beneath, see Plate XV, figure 12) with the caudal margin produced backward as a promi- nent, sub-lyriform appendage; viewed from the side, the oth sternite is small, the pleural piece complete, almost oval, its ventro-caudal margin applied closely to the caudal appendage of the oth sternite. Pleural appendages two, the more cephalic and dorsal being a long, cylindrical fleshy appendage, pale, clothed with long hairs, directed dorsad; the second appendage is large, viewed from behind (see Plate XV, figure 9); it is slender basally, with the inner part of the base clothed with long pale hairs, the tip expanded out like a knife blade, meeting its mate of the opposite side on the median line, the caudal face of this blade with a few transverse ridges, the outer face somewhat chitinized, in contact with a chitinized appendage having the same general blade-like shape which lies between the caudal appendage and the oth tergite. 360 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 14 Holotype —NMale, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian National Museum. The specific name, campa, is that of a native Indian tribe living in eastern Peru. This species and the two following belong to the same group of species as inca Alexander,’? possessing short palpi, short legs, and the peculiar genitalia of the male as described above. These three species are closely related to one another and differ from inca in the bright orange-yellow color of the ab- dominal tergites, in the structure of the antennae, etc.; they are separable amongst themselves by very striking differences in the antennae of the male and in the details of the male hypopygium. Tipula piro sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 4, 13, 17). Color of the thorax light gray; basal abdominal segments orange yellow; subterminal segments dark brown; antenne of ¢ moderate in length. Male—tlength, 12.3 mm.; wing, 15.5 mm.; fore leg, femur, 84 mm.; tibia, 9.6 mm.; tarsus, 13 mm. Palpi very short, dark brown; frontal prolongation of the head moderate in length, grayish, tinged with brown on the sides; an- tennze moderately long, if bent back they would extend about to the base of the fourth abdominal segment, the scapal segments light brown, flagellum dark brown, the ventral face of each flagellar seg- ment very deeply incised (see Plate XV, figure 17); head gray ting- ed with brownish. Thorax light gray; pronotum with a short, dark brown median line; mesonotal prescutum light gray with a very narrow, indistinct median brown line, and, behind, with indications of a pale brown stripe on either side of the middle; lateral margin of the sclerite and a short lateral stripe brown, the latter much lighter and bright- er; scutum light gray with two bright brown rounded spots on each lobe; scutellum and postnotum light gray suffused with dusky on the sides. Pleure light gray, a large brown spot on the mesoepister- num and another on the mesoepimerum. MHalteres rather long, brown, paler at the base. Legs, coxe gray, trochanters and femora brown; tibie and tarsi darker brown. Wings with a faint brown tinge, cells C and Sc yellowish; hyaline *Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, PP: 351, 352; pl., 24, fig. 5 pine fig. 1, (1912). Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 301 spots on the wing disk, one being in cell 1st#M2, another in the mid- die of cell M, etc. Venation as in Plate XV, figure 4. Abdomen with the first tergite gray; 2-4 bright yellow, remainder brown, including the genitalia; lateral margins of the tergites broad- ly dark brown; sternites dull yellow. The genitalia agree with T. campa, differing as follows: Ninth tergite (see Plate XV, figure 13) with the caudal margin more tuberculate, on either side of the elongate-oval median notch is a short, cylindrical lobe, the caudo- lateral angles slender and reflexed; 8th sternite dark brown, only the median lobe being paler; the second pleural appendage, viewed from behind, has the narrowed base very elongate, the blade rela- tively small, the whole appendage being hidden beneath the oth tergite. Holotype—Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. The specific name, piro, is that of a native Indian tribe of eastern Peru. Tipula curinao sp. n. (Pl. XV, figs. 3, 16). Color of the thorax light gray; basal abdominal segments orange yellow, subterminal segments dark brown; antennz short. Male—Length, 12 mm.; wing, 15.5 mm.; fore leg, femur, 8.1 mm.; tibia, 9 mm. Palpi very short; frontal prolongation of the head moderate, grayish brown; antenne short, if bent backward, extending about to the base of the halteres, dark brownish black, the scapal segments aione a little paler, flagellar segments short, cylindrical, the base en- larged (see Plate XV, figure 16); frontal tubercle rather prominent; head dull yellow, more brownish in the middle of the vertex and on the occiput. Pronotum dark brown; mesonotal prescutum light gray, the lateral margin of the sclerites very dark brown, a very broad light brown median stripe, broadest in front, narrowed behind, partially bisected from behind by a pale line, lateral stripes of the same color; scutum light gray with two light brown spots on each lobe; scutellum and postnotum light gray with a brown median vitta and with the sides of the sclerites tinged with dusky. Pleurz brown with a sparse gray bloom. MHalteres rather long, brown. Legs, coxze and trochanters brown; femora reddish brown pass- ing into brown at the tip, and with an indistinct yellowish brown annulus before the tip; tibie and tarsi dark brown. Wings light brown, cells C and Sc a little brighter; a dark brown spot at the origin of Rs and others in the stigmal area; a hyaline spot in cell 1stM2 and a smaller one in cell /. Venation as in Plate XV, figure 3. 362 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., ’14 Abdomen, tergites 1-7 orange yellow, the lateral margins broadly brownish black, segments 8-9 dark brown; sternites orange, apical sternites more brownish. The genitalia agree with T. campa, differ- ing as follows: Ninth tergite without a median incision on the caudal margin; Sth sternite about as in campa but the lobe larger and more pronounced; oth sternite with a great median notch which divides the segment into two except behind; the inner angles of each of the lobes thus formed is a rounded ball densely clothed with long hairs; the second pleural appendage has the blade very small and in- conspicuous, the appendage being mostly stem. Holotype——Male, Callanga, Peru, in the Hungarian Na- tional Museum. The specific name, curinao, is that of a native Indian tribe of eastern Peru and western Bolivia. Genus Microtipula Alexander. Microtipula amazonica Alexander.* One male from Surinam (Michaelis). Genus Pachyrrhina Macquart. Pachyrrhina consularis Osten Sacken. Seven specimens in the collection that agree sufficiently with consularis; that this last named species is specifically dis- tinct from P. elegans Fabricius, as stated by Osten Sacken, is by no means certain. The present material is as follows: Bolivia, Coroico, 1 female; Peru, Vilcanota, 1 male; Brazil, Rio Grande, 1 female; Paraguay, San Bernardino, March, 1908 (Fiebig), 2 females, 1 male; Argentina (Vezenyi), 1 male. The Peruvian specimen and one of the San Bernardino females have been retained; the remainder of the material is in the collection of the Hungarian National Museum. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. Figure 1. Wing of Macromastix pygmaca, sp. n. Figure 2. Wing of Holorusia flavicornts, sp. n. Figure 3. Wing of Tipula curinao, sp. n. Figure 4. Wing of Tipula piro, sp. n. Figure 5. Wing of Tipula campa, sp. n. Figure 6. Wing of Tipula gladiator, sp. n. ‘Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, pp. 361, 362; pl. 24, fig. i; pl. 25, fig. q (1912). Ent. NEwsS, VOL. XXV. Plate XVI. 1.—EUPHYDRYAS PHAETON NEAR FORM STRECKERI.—FRANZEN. 2.—PAPILIO HOMERUS, LARVA.—SWAINSON AND SKINNER. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 363 Figure 7. Hypopygium of Tipula gladiator. Lateral aspect; 8s, 9s, equal 8th and oth sternites; 8¢ and of equal 8th and oth tergites. Figure 8. Hypopygium of Holorusia laevis, sp. n. Lateral aspect of the pleural appendage. Figures 9-12 Hypopygium of Tipula campa, sp. n. 9, 2nd pleural appendage from behind; 10, 8th sternite, ventral aspect; 11, 9th tergite, dorsal aspect; 12, 9th sternite, ventral aspect. Figure 13. Hypopygium of Tipula piro, sp. n., 9th tergite, dorsal aspect. Figure 14. Sixth antennal segment of ¢ Holorusia orophila, sp. n. Figure 15. Sixth antennal segment of ¢ Holorusia laevis, sp. n. Figure 16. Sixth antennal segment of ¢ Tipula curinao, sp. n. Figure 17. Sixth antennal segment of ¢ Tipula piro, sp. n. Figure 18. Sixth antennal segment of ¢ Tipula campa, sp. n. Minnesota Butterflies (Lepid.). By JoHN WERNER FRANZEN, Minneapolis, Minn. (Plate XVI, fig. 1.) The following list of butterflies taken in Minnesota, mostly from Hennepin County, with dates of capture and notes on distribution, is based on the collection of the author, and those of the Museum of the Academy of Science, and at the Univer- sity of Minnesota. I acknowledge gratefully the assistance of Professor Oscar W. Oestlund of Minnesota University; Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, of Washington, and Mr. P. O. Fryklund, of Badger, Minn., in the preparation of this list. Where only two dates are given, they represent the earliest and the latest records. The numbers in brackets refer to Dyar’s List of North American Lepidoptera, U. S. N. M. Bull. No. 52. Family PapmLionipar. 1 (5b) Papilio ajax var. marcellus Bd. Lec. Zebra Swallow tail. A single specimen in the University collection taken in the down- town districts of the city of Minneapolis; evidently accidental and escaped from some pupae brought in by shipment. 2 (11a) Papilio glaucus var. turnus Linn. Tiger Swallow tail. The distribution of this species in the state is peculiar. In Hennepin and Ramsey Counties it is rare, while about 50 miles north- east of Minneapolis close to the Wisconsin line, it is common. At 364 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct.,. 24° Lake Vermillion and at Badger and Roseau it is found in countless thousands. I have a large number of specimens from Roseau taken in May and June. One specimen from Minneapolis, May 25. 3 (13) Papilio troilus Linn. Green-clouded Swallow tail. Rare; in the vicinity of Minneapolis I have only seen two or three specimens during the past ten years. One specimen from Hennepin County, July 15. 4 (14) Papilio thoas Linn. Giant Swallow tail. One specimen in the University collection taken close to the city of Minneapolis, much worn and battered and evidently a migrant from the south. 5 (22) Papilio polyxenes Fab. Black Swallow tail. This is a common butterfly in the state, from April to middle of September; specimens from Fort Snelling April 10, May 30, July 13, July 31 and September 5. One specimen from Badger, Roseau County, July 6. Family Prermar. 6 (37) Pontia protodice Bd.-Lec. Checkered White. Common. In the summer of 1910 this species outnumbered the rape ten to one. In Ig12 the rape was again predominating. July 13, October 15. 7 (37a) Pontia protodice var. vernalis Edw. In the University collection from Lake Superior district and one specimen from Minneapolis. 8 (38) Pontia napi Linn. Gray-veined White. — Rare; in this vicinity, but common in the northern parts of the state. Specimens from Roseau County, August 17, 1912. There are two specimens in the Academy’s collection labeled Minneapolis. 9 (40) Pontia rapae Linn. Very common; and at times extremely abundant. Specimens from Minneapolis April 10, October 14. In University collection from Cass County, July 7, 1893. 10 (41) Nathalis iole Bd. Dainty Sulphur. Rare. I have one specimen from Fort Snelling, August 13, Io1T. In University collection from Anoka County, September 30, 1897, and from Lake Nokomis, Hennepin County, August 30, 1912. 11 (52) Callidryas eubule Linn. Cloudless Sulphur. One specimen from Faribault, July 12, 1912, taken by Mr. C. Webster, and is now in his collection. 12 (61) Zerene caesonia Stoll. Dog’s-Head. Common. It was unusually abundant in this vicinity in the sum- mer of 1907. In 1908 and 1909 but a few appeared, and in ro10 it was totally absent. In 1912 about half a dozen were seen, while in 1913 it again was very common. June 15, August 25. 13 (61a) Zerene caesonia var. rosa McN. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 305 Of this interesting form I have one specimen, taken at Fort Snelling late in the fall of 1905. 14 (65) Eurymus eurytheme Bd. Orange Sulphur. Common. This species was more abundant in 1908 than at any other year within my memory. In 1909 and 1910 it was rare, in I9I2 it again appeared in large numbers, while in 1913 it was scarce. In the female of this species in late summer a form occurs (albinic var). My earliest record of any such forms is August 25. 15 (65) Eurymus philodice God. Roadside Sulphur. Common; but is never found in such large numbers as the preced- ing species. Like eurytheme, the female of this species is subject to albinism. I have taken such albinos as early as July 4. Of the typical form philodice I have several specimens from Roseau County. From Minneapolis, June 30, October 17. 16 (81) Pyrisita mexicana Bd. Mexican Sulphur. One specimen taken by Mr. C. Webster at Fort Snelling, October 5, 1912. 17 (85) Eurema euterpe Men. Little Sulphur. Rare. J have one specimen taken at Columbia Heights, northeast Minneapolis, August 28, 1912. Family NyMPHALIDAE. 18 (92) Euptoieta claudia Cr. Variegated Fritillary. Not very common in this vicinity. I took my first specimen of this species in 1908, and have since taken several every summer. ‘This species goes much further north than formerly supposed. I have specimens from Roseau County although it is not common there. Specimens from Minneapolis, June 25, October 15. A number of larvae of this species found feeding on garden pansy in his garden by Mr. H. H. Welch of this city and reared to imagos in 1913. 19 (95) Speyeria idalia Dru. Regal Fritillary. Common locally; in July and August in open fields. In the north- west corner of Fort Snelling reservation, on an area of about 60 acr¢s, numbers of these butterflies can be found every summer, while outside of this tract they are totally absent. Specimens from Fort Snelling, July 4, September 5. Reported as common in the Red River valley, between Fergus Falls and Crookston, by M. P. Somes, 1912. 26 (99) Argynnis cybele Fab. Great Spangled Fritillary. This, the commonest of the larger fritillaries in the state, flies from June to September. Very common at Badger and Roseau (Fryk- lund). Specimens from Fort Snelling, June 12, August 7. 21 (100) Argynnis aphrodite Fab. Aphrodite. Rare. I have only two specimens from the state. Fort Snelling, July 6, 1911, August 11, 1912. 22 (100a) Argynnis aphrodite var. alcestis Edw. 366 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Oct., 714 Rare. I have three specimens from Fort Snelling, June 12, 1910, and July 4, 1913. 23 (102) Argynnis atlantis Edw. Mountain Fritillary. Very rare in this vicinity. More common in the extreme northern parts of the state. There is one specimen in the Academy’s collection labeled Minneapolis. I have three specimens from Roseau County, August 18, September 2, 1912, and June 22, 1913. Also in the Uni- versity collection from Cass County, July 2, 1893. Reported from Duluth, Allen Junction and Burntside Lake, 1912 (Somes). 24 (131) Brenthis myrina Cr. Silver-bordered Fritillary. Very common, in low meadows throughout the summer. 25 (141) Brenthis bellona Fab. Meadow Fritillary. Much rarer than the preceding species. It was unusually abundant in the vicinity of the Twin Cities during the later part of June and early July, 1913. Specimens from Badger, Roseau County, July 13, 1913; from Minneapolis, May 25, August 29. In University collection from Hamilton, Minn., June 30. 26 (146) Euphydryas phaeton Dru. Baltimore. Common, in meadows, in June and July. From Minneapolis, July 4, and from Hopkins, June 18. 27 Euphydryas phaeton near form streckerii Ellsw. (Plate XVI, bens 11))- This interesting specimen was taken at Hopkins, June 18, 1911. I am indebted to Dr. Dyar for the identification. 28 (169) Cinclidia harrisii Scud. Harris’s Butterfly. Rare. One specimen taken at Minneapolis, June 18, 1911, by C. Webster. 29 (185) Charidryas nycteis Dbl.-Hew. Silver Crescent. Common. Specimens from Minneapolis, June 15, June 26. In Uni- versity collection from Cass County, June 15, July 20. 30 (186) Charidryas ismeria Bd.-Lec. Ismeria. I have only taken one specimen. There are five in the Academy’s collection from Minneapolis, also in University collection from Ram- sey County. 31 (189) Phyciodes tharos Dru. Pearl Crescent. There are several specimens in the Academy’s collection from Hen- nepin County. In University collection from Cass County, June 17, 1893. 32 (189a) Phyciodes tharos var. morpheus Fab. Very common; all over the state from June to September. June 15, August 18. 33 (205) Polygonia interrogationis Fab. Violet Tip. Common. The Academy’s collection contains a number of speci- miens from the state. 34 (205a) Polygonia interrogationis var. umbrosa Lint. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 367 Very common. I have specimens from Fort Snelling, June 25, July 3, August 31. 35 Polygonia comma Harr. Hop Merchant. Common. The hibernating brood of this species appears early in April, when it can be seen in company with antiopa, sipping the sap from wounded trees. Specimens from Fort Snelling, April 10, July 27, August 13-20, and September 27. From Northome, July 20. 36 (206a) Polygonia comma var. dryas Edw. Common; it was very numerous in this vicinity during the first week of July, 1913; June 22, July 6. 37 (209) Polygonia faunus Edw. Green Comma. Not common; only found in the northern parts of the state. One specimen from Itasca County, July 23, 1910. 38 (214) Polygonia progne Cr. Gray Comma. Rare; in this vicinity. I have only one specimen from Hennepin County. 39 (215) Eugonia J.-album Bd.-Lec. Compton Tortoise. A rare insect all over the state. Have only seen and taken two specimens. One specimen from Northome, July 23, 1910. 40 (217) Euvanessa antiopa Linn. Mourning Cloak. Very common throughout the summer, and occasionally seen on the wing on warm days in February. 41 (218) Aglais milberti God. American Tortoise-shell. Not common. I have one specimen from Minneapolis, July 17, and from Roseau County, August 12. 42 (219) Vanessa atalanta Linn. Red Admiral. Common; in some years very common. It was very abundant in 1912 and 1913. Specimens from Fort Snelling, June 18, August Io. 43 (220) Vanessa huntera Fab. Painted Beauty. Not common. I have not seen over half a dozen specimens in any one season. July 8, August 10. 44 (221) Vanessa cardui Linn. Cosmopolite. Common in most years, but scarce in others. Before the destroying hand of man fell on the thistles that formerly grew below Minnehaha Park, these butterflies could be found in large numbers there. Now, the thistles are gone and so are the cosmopolites. July 8, August 31. 45 (223) Junonia caenia Hiib. Buckeye. My first capture of this butterfly was on August 10, 1908. Since, I have taken specimens, July 4, 1911, September 2, 1912, July 4 and August 17, 1913. It is not common. Reported from Crookston and Fergus Falls (Somes). 46 (236) Basilarchia astyanax Fab. Red-spotted Purple. During all my rambles with the net I never met with this fine spe- 368 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Octjcee cies until in the summer of 1913. On the 26th of June, while return- ing from a collecting trip, I saw one of these beautiful creatures rest- ing on a branch of a linden, but I did not succeed in catching it. On the following Sunday, the 29th, I had better luck, as I caught one then and two more on July 6. It is very rare in this vicinity. 47 (237) Basilarchia arthemis Dru. Banded Purple. Common; it was very abundant during June, 1913. Reported as common at Badger and Roseau (Fryklund). Specimens from Fort Snelling, June 22, August 1. In University collection from Cass County, June 17. 48 (239) Basilarchia archippus Cr. Viceroy. Common, from June to middle of September. June 11, August 17. 49 (244) Chlorippe celtis Bd.-Lec. Gray Emperor. Rare. I have one male and one female taken at Fort Snelling, July 17, 1909, and one female from the same locality, July 6, 1913. Re- corded from Redwood Falls, July 1, 1912. (Somes). 50 (248) Chlorippe clyton Bd.-Lec. Tawny Emperor. Rare. I have one male taken July 17, 1909, and one female, July 4, 1913, at Fort Snelling. Family AGAPETIDAE. 51 (258) Cercyonis alope var. nephele Kby. Dull-eyed Grayling. Very common, from June to October. July 4, September 2. 52 (281) Coenonympha ochracea Edw. Ochre Ringlet. Rare. One specimen from Hennepin County. 53 (284) Coenonympha typhon Rott. Plain Ringlet. Rare. I have one specimen from Hopkins, August 5, 1910, and one from Frazee, June 29, 1913. I follow the classification of Dyar as to the name ftyphon, but my specimens differ very much from the European typhon, the latter having on the under side of the hind wing several black, white-pupilled ocelli in light yellow rings. 54 (286) Enodia portlandia Fab. Pearly Eye. This species was totally absent in this vicinity during the summer of 1912. In 1913 but a very few were seen; in other years very common. Specimens from Fort Snelling, June 26, July 11. In Uni- versity collection from Cass County, July 7. 55 (288) Satyrodes canthus Linn. Eyed Brown. Like the preceding species, it was absent in 1912. In other years, common in swampy places in June and July. From Minneapolis, June 30. July 4. Common in Roseau County (Fryklund). 56 (299) Cissia eurytus Fab. Little Wood Satyr. This little butterfly is common in the state, flying from late in May to middle of July. It prefers sparsely wooded tracts with underbrush. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 369 Family LyMNADIDAE. 57 (308) Anosia plexippus Linn. Monarch. Very common. This familiar butterfly is always very numerous in late summer. Its migratory habit is well known. In this vicinity single individuals begin to appear as early as April 29. In the first week of September they begin to assemble in large numbers prepara- tory to their southward journey. One of these assembling places is located on 54th Street South and the River Parkway below Minnehaha Park. The writer has seen the trees covered with these gaudy crea- tures for two solid blocks at this place. By the middle of September they are usually gone, but belated ones may be seen much later. I have seen single individuals as late as October 23. May 11, October 9. Family LipyTHEIDAE. 58 con Hypatus bachmani Krlt. Long-beak. One specimen in University collection from Faribault. Family LycaENIDAE. 59 (339) Thecla acadica Edw. Acadian Hair-streak. Common; in marshy places in July. From Fort Snelling, July 6, July 21. 60 (345) Thecla edwardsi Saund. Edward’s Hair-streak. I have one specimen from Fort Snelling, July 20,-1913. The Aca- demy’s collection contains 6 specimens from Minneapolis. 61 (347) Thecla calanus Hiitb. Banded Hair-streak. Very common, in June and July. I was much impressed with the abundance of these little butterflies during the first week of July, 1913. At Fort Snelling they were swarming by the thousands in the open clearings of the woods. From Fort Snelling, June 26, July 6. In University collection from Red Rock, Washington County, July 9, 1899. 62 (349) Thecla liparops Bd.-Lec. Striped Hair-streak. Rare. I know of only one ‘specimen taken at Frazee, by Mr. C. Webster, in the summer of I913. 63 (384) Strymon titus Fab. Coral Hair-streak. Not common in this vicinity. Specimens from Fort Snelling, June 25, I91I, July 5, 1912, July 20, 1913. 64 (390) Gaeides dione Scud. Great Copper. Common, in marshy places from middle of June to middle of July. Very numerous during the first week of July, 1913. 65 (393) Chrysophanes thoe Bd. Bronze Copper. Rather rare. From Fort Snelling, June 15, August 24. Also in University collection. 66 (396) Epidemia helloides Bd. Purplish Copper. In some years common locally, in low meadows in June and July. 370 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 714 Very numerous during July, 1913. From Fort Snelling, June 15, September 6. 67 (399) Heodes hypophleas Bd. American Copper. Common, from June to October. June 10, August 2. 68 (420) Nomiades lygdamas Dbl. Silvery Blue. I found this species in large numbers at Columbia Heights, Min- neapolis, May 12, 1913, but taken as a whole it is rather rare. May 1, May 12. 69 (432) Rusticus scudderi Edw. Scudder’s Blue. I have two specimens taken on the Minnesota Geological and Natural History Survey, July 11, 1893. 70 (440b) Cyaniris ladon var. marginata Edw. Marginated Spring Form. From Fort Snelling, May 1, 1910. 71 (440c) Cyaniris ladon var. violacea Edw. Wayzata, May 17, Io14. 72 (440f) Cyaniris ladon var. neglecta Edw. This form is more common than the preceding. From Fort Snell- ing. June 15, July 4 and August 11. I have one female taken at Fort Snelling, July 4, 1913, that corresponds with the typical ladon ladon Fdw. only a trifle smaller, but to be on the safe side I let it pass as neglecta. 73 (442) Everes comyntas God. Tailed Blue. Very common throughout the summer. 74 (444) Hemiargus isola Reak. Reakirt’s Blue. I have taken specimens at Fort Snelling, September 18, 1910, July 14, 1912, and August 2, 5, II, 1913. Family HEsPERIDAE. 75 (469) Pamphila palaemon Pall. Arctic Skipper. Two specimens in the Academy’s collection taken at Minneapolis, July 5, 1806, by Mr. H. W. Eustis. One specimen taken at Frazee, in the summer of 1913, by C. Webster. 76 (472) Ancyloxypha numitor Fab. Least Skipper. Rather common, in swampy places in June, July and August. It was unusually common in this vicinity in June and July, 1913. From Pearl Lake, Minneapolis, June 29, and from Fort Snelling, August 2, 1913. In University collection from Gray Cloud Island, Washington County, July 24. 77 (483) Atrytone zabulon Bd.-Lec. Zabulon Skipper. Common, in low swampy places in May and June. From Fort Snelling, May 15, May 22. 78 (484) Atrytone hobomok Harr. Mormon. I have two specimens from Fort Snelling, June 9, June 16, 1912. 79 (484a) Atrytone hobomok var. pocahontas Scud. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS a71 One specimen from Minneapolis, June 16, 1912. 80 (488) Erynnis sassacus Harr. Indian Skipper. One female from Fort Snelling, June 16, 1912. 81 (496) Erynnis metea Scud. Cobweb Skipper. The Academy’s collection contains three specimens from Minne- apolis, 1894. ‘82 (519) Thymelicus otho Sm.-Abb. Otho Skipper. One male from Minneapolis, July 14, 1912. 83 (523) Thymelicus cernes Bd.-Lec. Tawny-edged Skipper. Two specimens from Minneapolis, July 14, 1912. 84 (526) Polites peckius Krby. Yellow-spot. Common, in swampy meadows, in June and July. June 25, July 4. 85 (529a) Euphyes vestris var. metacomet Harr. I have one female, Fort Snelling, July 21, 1912, and one male from Badger, Roseau County, July 6, 1913. There are specimens in the University collection from Cass County, July 7. 86 (559) Limochroes dion Edw. There are two specimens in the Academy’s collection from the state, July 8, 1806. 87 (564) Phycanassa viator Edw. Broad-winged Skipper. One specimen in the Academy’s collection from Minneapolis, July 12, 1895. 88 (566) Phycanassa vitellius Fab. Vitellius Skipper. One male and one female, Fort Snelling, July 21, 1912. 89 (584) Epargyreus tityrus Fab. Silver-spotted Skipper. This, the largest of our skippers, is also the commonest. Through- out the summer. 90 (601) Thorybes pylades Scud. Northern Cloudy-wing. One specimen from Badger, June 14, I913. 91 (618) Thanaos icelus Lint. Dreamy Dusky-wing. Two specimens in the Academy’s collection from the state. 92 (624) Thanaos lucilius Lint. Lucilius Dusky-wing. One specimen from Fort Snelling, August 1, 1913. 93 (625) Thanaos juvenalis Fabr. Juvenal’s Dusky-wing. Wayzata, May 17, IoI4. 94 (642) Hesperia tessellata Scud. Tessellated Skipper. In some years very common, in open fields, in late summer and fall. From Minneapolis, August 1, October 14. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Under date of July 20, 1914, Dr. C. W. Stiles, Secretary of the Com- mission, announced that a majority of the Commission had voted to accept the resignation of Geheimrath Schulze, of Berlin, from that body, and to elect Professor Anton Handlirsch, of Vienna, in his stead. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. PHILADELPHIA, PA., OCTOBER, I9QI4. Aids to Scientific Work. In our editorial in the News for May last, we urged the desirability, if not the necessity, of a world-wide bibliographi- cal dictionary of entomologists. Those who appreciate the importance of such material aids to investigation will find much that is suggestive and helpful, in considering possible advances in our science, in Professor Wilhelm Ostwald’s “Memorial on the Foundation of an International Chemical Institute,’ translated into English and published in Science for July 31, 1914. Many “possible and necessary undertak- ings of general value” for which the International Chemical Institute is projected are similar to the needs of entomology. For some of them the International Entomological Congresses are already striving to provide. The development of chemis- try and of chemical literature has proceeded to a much greater degree than in our own field, so that the quantitative prob- lems are much heavier there than with us. The organization and methods by which the chemists hope to digest and make useful their vast mass of data, ought to aid us in devising means to attain our ends. Prof. Ostwald has sketched out, in much detail, plans not for the conquest of “the highest spheres of creative scientific work,’ but for the accomplish- ment of those tasks in the realm of chemical science which are ever recurring in the same form [and which] are to be carried out there once for all and placed at the service of every one; especially the literary refer- erice work and everything connected with it; that is the most trivial and routine labors which are necessary for the advancement of the science. Consequently in the future it should be a fundamental prin- ciple in our science that no task of this kind once carried out need ever be repeated, for the finished work should be kept continually and regularly at the disposal of those whom it concerns. 372 Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 373 A New Melissodes (Hymen.). Melissodes asteris n. sp. 9.—Of the size and form of M. simillima ; black, except the scopa and some hairs on the face, cheeks, collar, pleura, metathorax, legs and base of abdomen, which are ochraceous. Carlinville, Illinois. Six female specimens, taken September 12-20, on flowers of Aster ericoides villosus and Boltonia asteroides. In my table of local Melissodes, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 31: 368, 1905, this was included in simillima in the clause beginning “sometimes entirely black,” but I think it should be separated —Cuartes Ropert- son, Carlinville, Illinois. Entomological Literature. COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how- ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded. The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are generally dated the year previous. All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments. The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. 1—Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 4—The Canadian Entomologist. 10—Nature, London. 11—Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London. 12—Comptes Rendus, L’Academie des Sciences, Paris. 21—The Entomologist’s Record, London. 22—Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 25—Bolletino, Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata d. R. Universita di Torino. 31—Abhandlungen, Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main. 86—Transactions of the Ento- mological Society of London. 44—Verhandlungen, K. k. zoolo- gisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 51—Novitates Zoologicae, Tring, England. 68—Science, New York. 72—Transactions, Kan- sas Academy of Science, Topeka. 75—Annual Report, Entomo- logical Society of Ontario, Toronto. 76—Journal of the Cincin- nati Society of Natural History. 77—The National Geographical Magazine, Washington, D. C. 79—La Nature, Paris. 84—Ento- mologische Rundschau. 89—Zoologische Jahrbucher, Jena. 97— 374 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., ’14 Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102—Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 119— Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin. 123—Bulletin, Wisconsin Natural History Society, Milwaukee. 143—Ohio Naturalist. 153— Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 161— Proceedings, Biological Society of Washington. 166—Interna- tionale Entomologische Zeitschrift, Guben. 174—Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, Washington. 178—Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsingfors. 179—Journal of Economic Entomology. 184—Journal of Experimental Zoology, Philadel- phia. 190—Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris,” Dresden. 191—Natur. Halbmonatschrift fur alle Naturfreunde. 194—Gen- era Insectorum. Diriges par P. Wytsman, Bruxelles. 198—Bio- logical Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. 216—Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 272—Mem- orias, Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona. 275— Philippine Journal of Science, Manila. 278—Annales, Societe Zoo- logique Suisse et du Museum d’Histoire de Geneve, Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 279—Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft. 298—Ofversigt, Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Fordhanrdlingar, Helsingfors. 824—Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 334— Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, New York. 368—The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, California. 369—Entomologische Mit- teilungen, Berlin-Dahlem. 394—Parasitology, Cambridge, Eng- land. 401—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the Brit- ish Museum, London. 407—Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, Eng- land. 411—Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 438— Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Ur- bana. 443—Unsere Welt. Bonn. 447—Journal of Agricultural Re- search, Washington. 456—Kosmos, Handweiser fur Naturfreunde, Stuttgart. 463—Bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 477—The American Journal of Tropical Dis- eases and Preventive Medicine, New Orleans. 478—University Studies of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 479—Washing- ton University Studies, St. Louis. 480—The Annals of Applied Biology. 481—Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club, London. 482—“Bios” Rivista di Biologia Sperimentale e Generale, Genova. GENERAL SUBJECT. Fritzsche, R. A—Das mendeln the- oretisch betrachtet fur raupen und falter-zucht, 216, xxviii, 56-60 (cont.). Hauri, J—Das problem der mimikry, 448, vi, 442-47. Hewitt, C. G—The Canadian entomological service, 4, xlvi, 214- 16. Howard, L. O.—The education of the entomologist in the Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 375 service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 179, vii, 274-80. Lonnberg, E.—What is binary nomenclature? 11, xiv, 134-8. Reu- ter, O. M.—Obituary by O. Heidemann, 102, xvi, 76-8. Roths- child, L. W.—Mimicry and protective resemblance, 481, xv, 105- 120. Urff, G. S—Pflanzengallen, 456, 1914, 292-5. ARACHNIDA, ETC. Main, H.—The building of a millepede’s nest, 481, xv, 121-3. Roewer, C. F.—Die familien der Ichyropsalidae und Nemasto- matidae der Opiliones-Palpatores, 119, A. A., H. 3, 99-169. APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Anon—Termites and their habits (Review), 10, xciii, 466. Bacot & Ridewood—Observations on the larvae of fleas, 394, vii, 157-75. Cummings, B. F.—Note on the characters of the head and mouth-parts in the genera Plec- trotarsus and Aethaloptera, 11, xiv, 22-23. Rudow, D.—Schmarotzer bei N. u. Orthopteren, 216, xxviii, 71-2. Davis, W. T.—The dragon fly Anax longipes on Long Island, N. Y., 44, ix, 34-7. Jordan & Rothschild—On the position of Notio- psylla, a new gen. of Siphonaptera. Katalog der Siphonapteren des Koniglichen Zool. Mus. in Berlin, 51, xxi, 219-23, 255-60. -Longin Navas, R. P.—Dilaridae, 194, fasc. 156, 14 pp. Mantispidos nuevos. Neuropteros nuevos o poco conocidos, 272, xl, 83-103, 105-19. Martin, R.—Odonata, Libellulidae, Cordulinae, 194, fasc. 155, 32 pp. Meunier, F.—(See under Orthoptera). Petersen, E.—Mega- loptera. Raphididae, 194, Fasc. 154, 13 pp. Rothschild, N. C.— New Siphonaptéra from Peru, 51, xxi, 239-51. Walker, E. M.— The known nymphs of the Canadian species of Lestes, 4, xlvi, 189- 200. ORTHOPTERA. Barber, M. A.—Cockroaches and ants as carriers of the vibrios of asiatic cholera, 275, B, ix, 1-4. Bret- schneider, F.—(See Coleoptera.) Butler, H—An unusual occur- rence of walking-sticks, 179, vii, 299. Caudell, A. N.—The egg of Pseudosermyle truncata, 102, xvi, 96. Puschnig, R—Bemerkungen zur arbeit H. Karny’s “Ueber die reduktion der flugorgane bei den O., 89, xxxiv, Zool. Phys., 515-42. Rudow, D.—(See under Neu- roptera.) Burr, M.—Notes on the Forficularia: Progress in Dermaptera in 1912 and 1913. Notes on the Forficularia, XXII. Notes on the wing venation in the Dermaptera, 11, x11, 577-86; xiv, 78-84. Meunier, F.—Un Blatido y una larva de Odonato del kimeredgense de la Sierra del Monlsech. (Lerida), 272, xi, 121-6. Rehn & He- bard—On the O. found on the Florida Keys and in extreme south- ern Florida II, 1, 1914, 373-412. 376 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS {Oct.,’14 HEMIPTERA. Hoy, W. E.—A preliminary account of the chromosomes in the embryos of Anasa tristis and Diabrotica vittata, 198, xxvii, 45-51. Crawford, D. L—A monograph of the jumping plant-lice or Psyllidae of the new world, 174, No. 85, 186 pp. Distant, W. L.—_— Cicadidae, Gaeaninae, 194, fasc. 158, 38 pp. Ball, E. D—Two new California Thamnotettix, 4, xlvi, 21-13. Hood, J. D—Studies in tubuliferous Thysanoptera, 161, xxvii, 151-72. McAtee, W. L._Key to the nearctic genera and species of Geocorinae, 161, xxvii, 125-36. Reuter, O. M.—Amerikanische Miriden, 298, lv, No. 18, 64 pp. LEPIDOPTERA. Abbott, J. F—Mimicry in the genus Limen- itis with especial reference to the “Poulton hypothesis,” 479, i, 203, 21. Bryk, F.—Ein Citronenblatt mit einer ursprunglichen Weisslingzeichnung, 22, xliv, 451-58. Cavazza, F.—Influenza di agenti chimici sullo sviluppo, metamorfosi e riproduzione del Bombix mori, 482, i, 315-89. Courvoisier, Dr.—Nomenkla- torische sunden und probleme, 166, viii, 51-3 (cont.). Don- caster, L—On the relations between chromosomes, sex-limited transmission and sex-determination in Abraxas grossulariata, 407, iv, 1-21. d’Herculais, J. K.—Correlation entre la mortalité des Ailanthes (Ailanthus glandulosa) et la disparition du Bombycidae (Samia cynthia) son hote,; 12, 1914, 210-12. Howard, L. O—Suc- cessful introduction of beetles and parasites to check ravages of the gipsy-moth and brown-tail moth, 77, xxvi, 38-73. Polimanti, O.—Notes on the thele-perception of sex in silk worm moths, 324, iv, 289-92. Welch, Paul S—Habits of the larva of Bellura melan- opyga, 198, xxvii, 97-114. Wolff, P—Ueber die standfuss-fischer- schen schmetterlings experimente und ihre bedeutung fur die vererbungsfrage, 191, v, 397-400 (cont.). Bethune-Baker, G. T.—Synonymic notes on the Ruralidae, 21, 1914, 133-36 (cont.). Braun, A. F—Notes on Coleophora, with de- scriptions of n. sp., 76, xxi, 157-67. Busck, A.—On the classifica- tion of the Microlepidoptera, 102, xvi, 46-54. Chapman, T. A.— Lepidopterology, 21, 1914, 96-8. Comstock, W. P.—Thecla syl- vinus and allied species, 411, ix, 32-4. Courvoisier, L. G.—Zur synonymie des genus Lycaena, 190, 1914, 143-76. Dukinfield-Jones, E.—New sps. of L—Heterocera from S. E. Brazil, $6, 1914, 1-12. Hampson, G. F.—Descriptions of new genera and species of Dre- panidae and Thyrididae, 11, xiv, 103-17. Catalogue of the Noc- tuidae in the collection of the British Museum, 401, xiii, 609 pp. Kaye, W. J.—New species of Syntomidae from Venezuela, 21, 1914, 115-116. Pearsall, R. F.—Short studies in Geometridae No. 3, 411, ix, 44-5. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 377 DIPTERA. Anon—La lutte contre les mouches et les mousti- ques, 79, 1914, 30-2. Britton, W. E.—A remarkable outbreak of Culex pipiens, 179, vii, 257-60. Cameron, A. E.—A contribution toa knowledge of the belladona leaf-miner, (Pegomyia hyoscyami) its life history and biology, 480, 1, 43-76. Echeverria, E.—Innocuous bites of malaria and yellow fever mosquitoes during the daytime, 477, i, 625-6. Felt, E. P—Adaptation in the gall midges, 75, 1913, 76-82. Frey, R.—Ueber die mundteile der Mycetophiliden, Scia- riden, und Cecidomyiiden, 178, xxxvii, No. 2, 54 pp. Grunberg, K. —Ein verderbliche invasion von Simulium-mucken in der leinenie- derung. Der wantertrieb der stubenfliegenlarven als hilfsmittel zu ihrer vertilgung, 84, xxxi, 63-4. Headlee, T. J.—Anti-mosquito work in New Jersey, 179, vii, 260-68. Hewitt, C. G—Further ob- servations on the breeding habits and control of the housefly, Musca domestica, 179, vii, 281-93. Hunter, S. J—The sand fly and pellagra, III, 179, vii, 293-4. Hyde, R. R.—Fertility and sterility in Drosophila ampelophila, 184, xvii, 141-71. Macgregor, M. E.— The posterior stigma of dipterous larvae as a diagnostic character, 394, vii, 176-88. Metz, C. W.—Chromosome studies in the D., 184, xvii, 45-60. Morgan, T. H.—Two sex-linked lethal factors in Drosophila and their influence on the sex-ratio, 184, xvii, 81-122. Morrill, A. W.—Experiments with house-fly baits and poisons, 179, vii, 268-74. Mote, D. C.—The cheese skipper (Piophila casei), 148, xiv, 309-16. Muller, H. J.—A factor for the 4th chromosome of Drosophila, 68, xxxix, 906. Wesenberg-Lund, C.—Bidrag til nogle myggeslaegters, saerlig Mochlonyx og Corethra’s biologie. (Mindeskrift for Japetus Steenstrups, Kobenhaven), xxxiv, 25 pp. Hendel, F.—Muscaridae, Platystominae, 194, fasc. 157, 179 pp. Hine, J. S—Diptera of Middle America, 143, xiv, 333-43. Knab, F.—Ceratopogoninae sucking the blood of caterpillars, 102, xvi, 63-66. Supplementary notes on Peruvian Simuliidae, 161, xxvii, 123-4. Krober, O.—Omphralidae (Scenopinidae), 194, fasc. 161, 16 pp. Malloch, J. R—Description of a n. sp. of Agromyza from Porto Rico, 102, xvi, 89-90. Synopsis of the genus Probezzia, with description of a n. sp., 161, xxvii, 137-40. Notes on No. Am. D., with descriptions of n. sps. in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 488, x, 213-43. Rondani, C. —Dipterologia Italica. Vols. I-VIII (1856-1880) [Facsimile edi- tion. W. Junk, No. 16]. Sack, P.—Diie gattung Merodon (“Lam- petia” Meig), 31, xxxi, 427-62. Walton, W. R.—Four n. sps. of Tachinidae from N. Am., 102, xvi, 90-5. COLEOPTERA. Boving, A. G.—On the abdominal structure of certain beetle larvae of the Campodeiform type, 102, xvi, 55-61. 378 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Oct.; "xa Bretschneider, F—Ueber die gehirne der kuchenschabe und des mehlkaefers, 279, lii, 269-362. Chinaglia, L—Anomalia toracle in un C., 25, xxviii, No. 676, 3 pp. Coad, B. R.—Feeding habits of the boll weevil on plants other than cotton, 447, ii, 235-45. Har- vey, E. N.—On the chemical nature of the luminous material of the fire fly, 68, xl, 33-4. Hoy, W. E.—(See under Hemiptera). Kalmbach, E. R.—Birds in relation to the alfalfa weevil, 463, No. 107. Lathrop, F. H.—Egg-laying of the rice weevil (Calandra oryzae), 148, xiv, 321-27. Lehr, R.—Die sinnesorgane der beiden flugelpaare von Dytiscus marginalis, 97, cx, 87-150. Matheson, R. —Life history notes of two C. (Parnidae), 4, xlvi, 185-9. Thaxter, B.—Laboulbeniales parasites on Chrysomelidae, 334, 1, 17-50. Achard, J.—Chrysomelidae. Lamprosominae, Chlamydinae & Sphaerocharinae, 194, fasc. 156-160, 14 & 25 pp. Champion, G. C.— Revision of the Mexican and Central American Malachiidae and Melyridae, with descriptions of n. sps., and of Chauliognathinae, based on the genital armature of the males, 36, 1914, 13-127, 128-68. Dury, C.—A new Rhipidandrus from Florida, 76, xxi, 168. Hein- rich, C.—Notes on some forest C., with descriptions of two n. sps., 102, xvi, 66-9. Knaus, W.—Additions to the list of Kansas C. for 1910-12, 72, xxvi, 89-93. Morris, F. J. A.—Chrysomelians of On- tario, 75, 1913, 83-94. Mutchler, A. J—A new sps. of Criocephalus, 153, xxxiii, 345-46. Nicolay, A. S—The Mordellidae of New York state, 411, ix, 29-32. Ohaus, F.—Phileurus buchwaldi n. sp., 84, xxxi, 48. Spaeth, F—Neue Cassididen aus Paraguay und Goyaz, 369, ili, 166-8. Strohmeyer, H.—Chapuisiidae, Platypodidae, 194, fasc. 162-163, 6, 55 pp. HYMENOPTERA. Barber, M. A.—(See under Orthoptera). Chapman, T. A.—The egg-laying of Trichiosoma, 36, 1914, 173-84. Heyl, D—Aus der wunderwelt des bienenlebens, 191, v, 421-5. Kelly, E. O. G.—Notes on the biology of Diplazon laetatorius, 179, vii, 294-7. McIndoo, N. E.—The olfactory sense of H., 1, 1914, 294-341. Merle, R.—L’odynere des murs, 79, 1914, 52-5. Cockerell, T. D. A.—Descriptions and records of bees.—LX, LXI, LXII, 11, xiv, 1-13, 39-57. Crawford, J. C_——The species of Perilampidae of America north of Mexico. New parasitic H. from British Guiana, 102, xvi, 69-76; 85-88. Cushman, R. A.—A new sp. of the braconid genus Phanerotoma, 102, xvi, 78-9.. Forel, A.—Le genre Camponotus et les genres voisins, 278, xxii, 257-76. Girault, A. A.—The chalcidoid family Trichogrammatidae, 1238, xi, 150-179 (cont.). Howard, L. O.—Concerning some Aphelininae, 102, xvi, 79-85. McGillivray, A. D.—The immature stages of the Tenthredinoidea, 75, 1913, 54-75. Morley, C.—A revision of the Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 379 Ichneumonidae Part III, Tribes Pimplides and Bassides, 148 pp., 1914. (British Museum Publication). Smith & Vosler—Callie- phialtes in California, 368, iii, 195-211. Strand, E.—Ueber das nest einer neotropischen wespe, Polybia occidentalis, 369, ili, 171-3. Swenk, M. H.—Studies of N. Am. bees, 478, xiv, 1-36. Erupves pe Leprmoprerotocrs Compare. By Charles Oberthiir, Vol. 9, part 2, Rennes, France, May, 1914.—Mr. Oberthiir has again made a splendid contribution to the study of the American butterflies which will clear up a number of species not properly understood here. He was awarded the Cuvier prize of the French Academy of Sciences, for his Etudes d’Entomologie and Etudes de Lépidopteres Comparée, a well deserved honor. The first thirty-three pages of part two are taken up by a review of the South American species of Apatura, illustrated by nine plates and many colored figures. The Lepidoptera of the Thi- betan region are also mentioned and certain species are figured. Nearly all of these are species described by Mr. Oberthiir. A new species of Castnia from Uruguay is described and figured. Then fol- lows what concerns us most, the continuation of the beautiful figures of the Californian butterflies described by Doctor Boisduval. This section comprises fourteen pages of notes on the species, seven plates and forty-one colored figures. These will necessitate a number of changes in the synonymy and also the standing of the species in our American catalogues. The difficulty now is to understand the exact status of the species described by Doctor Behr. Unfortunately his types were destroyed when the earthquake and fire destroyed the building of the San Francisco Academy of Sciences. Fortunately Mr. W. H. Edwards figured a number of Doctor Behr’s species, which he doubtless received from that author. We could also accept the speci- mens mentioned by Strecker as the types. In his Lep. Rhop. Het. Suppl. 3, he says he possesses the types of Argynnis coronis, rupestris montivaga and monticola, all described by Behr. At the present time these might be considered cotypes or possibly only metatypes. The principal changes will likely be as follows: Arg. callipe. This is as understood by American students. Arg. zerene. This has been misunderstood, and what Mr. Edwards figured as zerene is quite another insect. Purpurascens Hy. Edws. is quite close, if not the same. Arg. mormonia. Eurynome and its numerous varieties will prob- ably have to be considered varieties of mormonia. Arg. juba. Liliana Hy. Edws. is a synonym. This is one of the surprises shown by these figures. Arg. hydaspe. Rhodope Edwards and sakuntala Skinner are very close to this. 380 ENTOMOLOGICAL . NEWS, [ Oct., "14 Mel. orsa is a synonym of montana Behr. Mel. epula is a synonym of mylitta Edw. Mel. sonorae is a synonym of gabbu Behr. Mel. pola is a synonym of minuta Edw. Mel. callina is close to perse Edw. and the latter name may have to fall. A number of aberrations are figured and named and a new species described, Syrichtus mac-dunnoughi. Mr. Oberthur must be credited with the name Satyrus ariane-okius as Doctor Boisduval apparently did not publish any name with this form, although he described it. The California butterflies have been in a chaotic condition for years, and we are now getting light on the subject. The genus Lycaena was particularly hopeless, as a number of authors were describing differ- ences that they did not understand. An examination of the genitalia will place them on a firmer foundation, but the final placing of the varieties, forms and species will come from a study of their life his- tories and breeding numerous specimens from known parentage. A very valuable and interesting feature of this part is the collection of portraits of distinguished lepidopterists. This series shows likenesses of Boisduval, Herrich-Schaeffer, Ram- bur, Graslin, Guenée, Millicre, Fallou, Bar, Guillemot, Fettig, Martin, Macker, Constant, Moore, Lafaury, Allard, Reverdin and Oberthtir,— HENRY SKINNER. Doings of Societies. PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The forty-fifth regular meeting was held on the evening of September 14, 1912, at the residence of Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street, San Francisco, California. President Van Dyke in the chair. Eleven members respond- ed to roll call. Nine guests were present. A communication was read from Mr. Fordyce Grinnel, in which he stated that Messrs. Newcomb, Haskin and Coolidge had recently (last of August) taken a nice series of Lycaena neurona Skinner on Mt. Wilson. Mr. Huguenin made a few remarks about collecting in Marin County, California. Percy Baumberger, who is engaged in the work of exter- mination of mosquitoes, reported on the manner in which the campaign was being carried on. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL- NEWS 381 Mr. Fuchs distributed to the members of the Society some specimens of Aegialites fuchsi Horn taken on the Farallone Islands. Mr. Cottle gave an account of his summer’s vacation in July at Castella, Shasta County, California, stating that specimens of Monohammus maculosus Hald. had been taken at an ele- vation of about 3000 feet. Mr. Bridwell gave his experiences in collecting in the Im- perial Valley. Mr. Reynolds reported the results of his work at San Diego, California. Dr. Van Dyke discussed the distribution of the species of Harpalus and Aegialites, with an account of work done on a collecting trip to Strawberry Canyon, Eldorado County, ele- vation 6000 feet. Mr. Huguenin exhibited specimens of Coleoptera and Lepi- doptera taken in the Yosemite Valley. Mr. Reynolds presented a series of Cicindelae from San Diego, California. Mr. Cottle showed a collection of Coleoptera and Lepi- doptera taken at Castella, California. Miss Wright exhibited several specimens of Coleoptera and Mr. Bridwell a number of insects from the Imperial Valley, California. Adjournment and refreshments. The forty-sixth meeting was held on the evening of Decem- ber 3, 1912, at the residence of James E. Cottle, 2117 Bush Street, San Francisco, California. President Van Dyke in the chair. Ten members responded to roll call. Eight guests were present. Mr. J. C. Huguenin read a paper on the collecting of Calli- grapha sigmoidea for three consecutive winters—IgIo, IQII and 1912—on the Sunnyside Hills, at an elevation of 500 feet, in the suburbs of San Francisco. A communication from Mr. F. X. Williams, giving an inter- esting account of the general conditions of the country in 382 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., 14 Kansas, and of the Biological Expeditions sent out by the University of Kansas, was then read. Mr. Grundel reported a prolonged collecting trip to the Sierras. Mr. Harold C. Bryant gave a very instructive talk on “Pro- tective Devices in Insects.’””’ He asked for the opinions of the members present. It was stated that bee-birds (Tyrannus verticalis and T. vociferans) feed only upon the drone bees. Dr. Blaisdell stated that he was positive that they feed abund- antly upon the worker-bees (Apis mellifica), for, during four- teen years in which he had worked in an apiary, he had shot hundreds of bee-birds to protect the worker-bees. The stom- achs of the birds were repeatedly examined and found filled with bee-stings which appeared to be indigestible. Mr. Ralph Hopping, who is engaged in the Forestry Serv- ice for Insect Control, gave an account of the work done in the service, speaking in particular on the ravages of Dendroc- tonus and Phloesinus; the former killing the trees on which they depredate, the latter only the branches. Mr. Bridwell spoke of two rare or little known species of Hymenoptera which he had collected—Methoca californica Westwood, female, from Monte Rio, Sonoma Co., California, parasitic in the burrows of tiger-beetles, and the female of a new species of Myrmosa taken on the University of Califor- nia campus, Berkeley. Mr. Grundel stated that the larvae of Arctia become abund- ant at times in the Santa Cruz Mountains and defoliate all of the live oaks. President Van Dyke gave a review of the genera of the Elateridae. Dr. Blaisdell exhibited specimens of Thysanocnemis helvolus and Jdiostethus tubulatus collected by beating in the vicinity of Baltimore, Md.; two specimens of Synetocephalus autumna- lis Fall, collected at Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County, Cali- fornia, in October, from the foliage of the live oaks (Quercus wislizent). Adjournment and refreshments. Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 383 The forty-seventh meeting was held on the evening of March I, 1913, at the residence of Dr. F. E. Blaisdell, 1520 Lake Street, San Francisco, Cal. President Van Dyke in the chair. Ten members answered to roll call and nine guests were in attendance. A communication from J. N. Bowman in regard to the So- ciety meeting with the Pacific Association of Scientific — eties was discussed. The death of Mr. L. E. Ricksecker was announced. Mr. Cottle moved that the secretary be instructed to express the regrets of the Society to Mrs. Ricksecker and family. The motion was seconded and unanimously approved. Prof. Wm. A. Hilton, editor of the Pomona Journal, Clare- mont, California, and Miss Ximena McGlashan, of Truckee, California, were elected members of the Society. The secretary read a paper by Mr. R. F. Sternitzky, the author being absent. It was a “Report on Two Collecting Trips to Lake Tahoe.” During the latter part of August Mr. Sternitzky collected seven large larvae of a Syrphid, probably of the genus Microdon, from ants’ nests. He mistook the Microdon larvae for a species of Coccid—a Lecanid. Its mark- ings are radial lines, similar to those of some Coccidae. He stated that he was sure of one thing—that these larvae do not derive nourishment from the ants, as they throve quite well on moist wood. It was thought that the ants might have some use for them. The following is a list of the rarer Coleoptera taken during the trips: Buprestis connexa, Acmaeodera van- dyket, Ulochaetes leoninus, Tragosoma pilosicornis, Ptero- stichus morionides, Tachys fallii, Argonus cinerarius, Leptura valida, Pachyta spurca, Adelocera rorulenta, Melasis rufipen- nis and Serropalpus barbatus. Dr. Van Dyke believed that the Syrphid larvae were dependent on the ants. Mr. Bridwell stated that he took Dichelonycha clypeata in Wild Cat Canyon back of Grizzly Peak, Alameda County, Cal- ifornia, on February 13, 1913. Eight specimens were secured. The beetles were flying high up among the laurel trees. 384 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Oct., °14. Dr. Van Dyke said that Dichelonycha clypeata was described trom a unique. Later Mr. Ricksecker collected many. Mr. A. Kusche found four or five in San Mateo County; Mr. Bridwell took males in Contra Costa County. The species was first recorded from the Alameda side of the Bay. D. valida is also found in Alameda County, in April, on Redwood Peak. Adjournment and refreshments. A special meeting was held in conjunction with the Pacific Association of Scientific Societies, on Thursday evening, April 10, 1913, in Room 113 of the Agricultural Hall of the Univer- sity of California, Berkeley. Twelve members and guests were present. The meeting was called to order at eight o’clock by President Van Dyke. After a few appropriate remarks the following program was presented: New Species of Tenebrionidae and the Technique for Study- ing the Genitalia of the Coleoptera, by Frank E. Blaisdell, Sr. A Review of the Coccinellidae, by F. W. Nunenmacher. The Littoral Coleopterous Fauna of the Pacific Coast,. by Edwin C. Van Dyke. Remarks on the Use of the Lantern in Illustrating the In- sects of Economic Importance, by Prof. C. W. Woodworth. The forty-eighth meeting, or Field Day, was not held as no arrangements or decisions had been made at the forty-seventh meeting. F. E. BLatspELi, Secretary. OBITUARY. An obituary notice of Cart Fucus, well known as a coleop- terist, was published by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell in Science for July 17, 1914. Mr. Fuchs was born in Hanau, Frankfurt-am-Main, November 25, 1839, and died in Alameda, California, June 11, 1914. His visit to the Eastern United States, a few years ago, is still fresh in the memory of his friends. EXCHANGES. Not Exceeding Three Lines Free to Subscribers.) 4a=- These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued I offer for exchange a few perfect, bred specimens of Vanessa goner- alla in papers. Desire many common North American species of Lepi- doptera, both Macro and Micro.—Fred Marloff, Box 104 Oak Station P.O., Allegheny Co., Pa. Specialists—I will collect for cash any order of insects during the coming season in this vicinity. Flat rates given.—Harry Johnson, South Meriden, Conn. ‘ For Exchange—Volumes VII to XII Entomological News for other entomological publications or for Lepidoptera.—Alex. Kwiat, 2055 Pen- sacola Ave., Chicago, Jl. Wanted, for my own library—Papers by LeConte, Horn, Harris, Ran- dall and Melsheimer in Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1835, 1845; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852; Froc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1844, 1856, 1868; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vols. 3, 4, 5, 7; Lists of Coleoptera, J. D. Putnam, 1876; Schiddte, Metamorphoses, Parts 2, 6; Casey, Contri- butions to Coleopterology, Part 2, 1884.—Address John D. Sherman, Jr., 403 Seneca Ave., Mount Vernon, N. Y: To complete sets in my library I need No. 1 of Vol XXX, Canadian Entomologist, Riley’s 9th Missouri Report and No. 18 of Henry Edwards’ Pacific Coast Lepidoptera. I will give cash or liberal exchange in Cali- fornia insects.—H. H. Newcomb, Venice, California. Heteroptera—I am engaged on the study of this group and desire material from all regions, especially New England. Will exchange in this and other orders. Correspondence desired.—H. M. Parshley, Bus- sey Institution, Forest Hills, Mass. Wanted—to purchase for cash the following numbers of the Experi- ment Station Record, Vol. I, No. 2; Vol. II, Nos. 2 and 9; Vol. III, Nos. 4 and 10.—J. F. Abbott, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Wanted —Larvae or ova of cecropia, polyphemus and Saturnia gal- bina.—O. C. Poling, Phoenix, Arizona. Chrysophanids wanted—I want very specially Heodes fie/dent, Chal- ceria snowt, cupreus, rubidus, Satyrium fuliginosa. {1 should like also some specimens of Gaeides xanthoides, editha and gorgon. Palaear- tics, exotics or cash given in exchange.—G. T. Bethune-Baker, 19 Claren- don Road, Edgbaston, England. Wanted—To make arrangements with dealers and collectors to fur- nish bred specimens of Lepidoptera for cash. Will send first class mate- rial only. New England and other species.—Sidney C. Carpenter, 49 Oakland Terrace, Hartford, Conn. I have in papers for exchange, the rare high altitude (16,200 feet) Himalayan Parnassius sikkimensis, hardwicket, and Papilio machaon sikkimensis in exchange for American Parnassius eversmanni or West Coast Saturnidae.—]J. Henry Watson, 70 Ashford Road, Withington, Manchester, England. Colias interior—Fine specimens, some bred, for sale or exchange for other North American Lepidoptera.—Arthur H. Napier, Spring Lane, Chestnut Hill, Pa. Photographs of Entomologists Desired. The Entomological Section of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences desires for its entomological album the photograph of every entomological student. The collection contains over 300 at this date. A list was published.in the News 1902, pages 45-47, of those in the album at that time. We hope that those who can do so will write their names and date of birth and the date when the photograph was taken on the back of each photo, along with any other information concern- ing themselves they may wish to impart. NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager Dealers in Insects of all Orders. Lepidoptera, Cocoons and Pupae. Life Histories. Cocoons and Pupae bought. Entotnological Supplies, Insect Pins, Cork, Riker Specimen Mounts, Nets, Spreading Boards, Boxes, etc. 74-80 THIRTEENTH AVENUE, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. Send 4 cents for Price List of Insects and Supplies. The Museum of the Brooklyn Institute has a few uncolored sets of the Calverly, Weidemeyer and Edwards plates of North American Sphingidae which it desires to exchange for other entomological publications, or to sell at $55 per set. Address Librarian, Brooklyn Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Title page, preface, history and explanation of the Weide- meyer, Calverley, Edwards plates may be procured for 25 cents from The American Entomological Society, 1900 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. SECOND-HAND BOOKS-—Entomolo- gical and Botanical—for sale at bargain—List on application with 2c. stamp.—Elizabeth F. Curtiss, 4853 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, Ill. RECENT PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 687.—Malloch (J. R.).—Costa Rican Diptera collected by Philip P. Calvert,. Ph/D...1909-1910. | Paper “ita Partial Report on the Borboridae, Phoridae and Agtomiyzidae. (40,~1-36, 1 pl, °14)'....:5.-. 5s. eee 35 688.—Rehn and Hebard.—A Revision of the Orthopterous Group Insarae (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). (40, 37-184, 71. Dext) Paes, 70'4)) Sc 0 ee cctel- bic ete 1.50 689.—Chamberlin (R. W.)—On a Collection of Myriapoda from Costa Rica: (40, 185-194, 1 pl., °14) ..... oe 15 690.—Skinner (H.).—Studies in the Genus Thanaos. (40, 195- 2215 (14 text HSS aA) Vers clogs Seis Wie ew lei) ptiels folwpelche tone ane .30 Mailed on receipt of price. A new issue of price lists of publications is now available and will be sent on request. Please state subject desired when writ- ing for lists. WOOD INSECT Box ‘These cabinets havea specially constructed groove or trough around the front, lined with a material of our own design, which is adjustable to the pressure of the front cover. The cover, when in place, is made fast by spring wire locks or clasps, causing a constant pressure on the lining in the groove. The cabinets, in addi'ion to being abso- lutely dust, moth and dermestes proof, is impervious to fire, smoke, water and atmos- pheric changes. Obviously, these cabinets are far superior to any constructed of non- metallic material, The interior is made of metal, with upright partition in center. On the sides are metal supports to hold 28 boxes. The regular size is 424 in. high, 13 in. deep, 183 in. wide, inside dimensions; usually enameled green outside. For details of Dr, Skin- ner’s construction of this cabinet, see Entomological News, Vol. XV, page 177. METAL INSECT BOX. has all the essential merits of the cabinet, having a groove, clasps, etc. Bottom inside lined with cork; the outside enameled any color desired. The regular dimensions, outside, are 9x 13 x 2h in. deep, but can be furnished any size. WOOD INSECT BOX.—We do not assert that this wooden box has all the quali- ties of the metal box, especially in regard to safety from smoke, fire, water and damp- ness, but the chemically prepared material fastened to the under edge of the lid makes a box, we think, superior to any other wood insect box. The bottom is cork lined. Outside varnished. For catalogue and prices inquire of BROCK BROS., Harvard Square, Cambridge, Mass. When Writing Please Mention ‘‘ Entomological News.” K-S Specialties THE KNY-SCHEERER COMPANY Department of Natural Science 404-410 W. 27th St., New York -% North American and Exotie Insects of all orders in perfect condition wing —s Entomological Supplies Catalogue gratis Pars INSECT BOe NS We have given special attention to the manufacture of insect cases and arantee our cases to be of the best quality and workmanship obtainable. NS/ made than the ones aaentiy found in the market. ate 3 Size 2OxIGSG 92.5 5.5 ee - 2 kk une oe sees- ach be oe NS. 3085 Size Sxzos ims. 2 ap cance chub in = te saeen 2. RE NS /3001—Lepidoptera Box improved museum style), of wood, cover and bottom of strong pasteboard, covered with bronze paper, gilt trimming, inside covered with. white glazed paper. Best quality. Each box in extra carton. Size 1oxt2 in., lined with compressed tuff {peat)- eg Sees ee ee te SRS. ERS 6. = Size 10x12 in., lined with compressed cork. be Per Gozeal-sé «+s vce-gacce-se¥aaee sitet sanvatube 6.00 — > ae Caution :—Cheap imitations are sold. See our same and address NS,/3091 ey in corner of cover. ibiti yurposes) oT ab i apnea se 2 NS /3121—K.-S. Exhibition Cases, wooden boxes, cover <= “fitting very tightly, compressed. cork ‘or yee ined, cov- = ered inside with white glazed paper. .C A. Stained ~~ imitation oak, cherry or walnut. Size Sx1ix2%¢ in. (or to order, S4x103 eet 3 Size 12x16x2}¢ in. (or to order, 12x15 IM.)..seeee > : Size 14x22x254 in. (or to order, 14x22x23¢ im.)..=2-,. Special prices if ordered in larger quantities. 2 3i2t THE KNY- SCHEERER co. DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE. G. LAGAI, Ph.D., 404 W. 27th eek: New York, N. e PAN-AMERICAN exesifies Gold Medal PARIS EXPOSITION : Eight Awards and Medals ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION: Grand Prize and Gold Medal ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIMENS North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. - +4 Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective Dans coe dimorphism, collections of representatives of the different orders.of insects, etc... Series of specimens illustrating insect life, color variation, etc ee Metamorphoses of insects. : We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect Fags. Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, Insects pins, forceps, etc. ; Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and special circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. are, perfect specimens $1.50 each ; second quality $1.00 each. When Writing Please Mention “Entomological News.” P. C. Stockhausen. Printer, 53-55 N. 7th Street. Philadelphia.