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The Flora of Warwickshire.

Only five hundred copies of book have been printed.

This copy is No. ^Jt^

£^^2^

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THE FLORA OF WARWICKSH]

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An early worshipper at Nature's shrine,

I loved her rudest scenes, — warrens and heaths,

And yellow commons, and birch-shaded hollows,

And hedgerows, bordering unfrequented lanes,

Bowered with wild roses, and the clasping woodbine,

Where purple tassels of the tangling vetch

With bittersweet and bryony inweave,

And the dew fills the silver bindweed's cups, —

I loved to trace the brooks whose humid banks

Nourish the harebell and the freckled pagil ;

And stroll among overshadowing woods of beech

Lending in summer, from the heats of noon,

A whispering shade; while haply there reclines

Some pensive lover of uncultured flowers.

Who, from the stumps with bright green mosses clad.

Plucks the wood-sorrel with its light thin leaves.

Heart-shaped and triply folded, and its root

Creeping like beaded coral.

Charloite Smith.

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THE

FLORA . OF WAR^

THE

FLOWERING PLANTS, FERNS,

JAMES E. B^

ASSOCIATE OF THE LINNE/

THE FUNC (hymenomycetes and gas By W. B. grove, M.A., and J.

I^onbnn :

GURNEY & JACKSON, i, PAT (Successors to Mr. Van V

Birmingham

CORNISH BROTHERS, 37, ! 1891.

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PRINTED AT THE HERALD PRESS, BIRMINGHAM, BY WRIGHT, DAIN, PEYTON, AND CO.

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PREFACE.

The first attempt at a complete Flora of Warwickshire was a series of papers written by me, and published in the " Midland Naturalist" during the years 1881 to 1885. In those papers the county was divided into two districts only, the Tame and the Avon. The present work is an amplification of those papers ; but in this, the county is divided into ten districts, based on the river drainage ; the distribu- tion of the plants is more fully worked out, the nomenclature revised so as to be more in accordance with present-day views, the older writers (so far as my knowledge serves) are fully quoted, and the whole work has been recast and rewritten. Every endeavour has been made to make the present work complete and correct ; but I am convinced that a critical examination will reveal many faults that have escaped my notice ; and whilst I do not wish to exonerate those faults, I may here state that I have spared no pains to avoid them; that all my work, whether clerical or botanical, has been done in the scant leisure of a manufactory clerk ; and that my knowledge of botany has been self-acquired.

It is with gratitude I here acknowledge much kindly help from many sources — help given considerately, courteously, and without stint.

To the late Rev. Andrew Bloxam, M.A., Professor C. C. Babing- ton, M.A., F.R.S., and Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., I am indebted for material help with those critical plants, the Rubi and Rosae ; to Dr. Braithwaite, F.L.S., for help, specimens, and encouragement with the Mosses; to Dr. M. C Cooke, A.L.S., for much assistance with the Fungi ; to Messrs. Henry and James Groves, F.L.S., for specimens and assistance with the Characeae ; and to the late Rev. W. W. Newbould, M.A., for much valuable help and counsel. To him I owe all my records from the herbaria of Kew, the British Museum, and the private herbarium of Professor Babington. These records were given in the fullest and most thorough manner, and, what was the more gratifying, the task of copying them was a self-imposed one. I have also to thank Mr. G. Claridge Druce, M.A., for many notes from the Baxter Herbarium at Oxford. Help has also been received from Professor Haeckel, of St. Poelton ; Dr. Christ, of Geneva ; Arthur Bennett, F.L.S., W. H. Beeby, A.L.S., George Nicholson, A.L.S., Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, F.L.S., Rev. W. H. Purchas, Rev. Augustus Ley, M.A., T. R. Archer Briggs, F.L.S., Bolton King, M.A. ; and

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VI. PREFACE.

last, but not least, from my old friend, Henry Bromwich, of Milver- ton, an. ardent and indefatigable botanist, the record of whose work will be found prominent in these pages.

The able account of the geology of the county I owe to my friend, A. Bernard Badger, B.A., of New College, Oxford, and Burdett-Coutts Scholar of that Unfversity ; this was undertaken in the kindest manner, and has been written in the midst of very close and engrossing duties, and is an important addition to the work. I have also to record my warmest thanks to Mr. T. H. Goodwin Kewton, M.A., F.R.Met.S., of Barrells Park, for his kindness in contributing a valuable and instructive note on the meteorology of the county.

I have also to thank my sincere friends, E. W. Badger, F.R.H.S. (Editor of the "Midland Naturalist"), and W. B. Grove, M.A., for their most valuable and unremitting assistance in reading and correcting all the proofs of this work, and generally seeing it through the press ; to both these gentlemen I am deeply indebted, and acknowledge with gratitude that, to their kind scrutiny and constant care and attention, the work owes much of the literal accuracy which I am sanguine it will be found to possess.

I owe much to my printers, Messrs. Wright, Dain, Peyton, and Co., of the Herald Press, Birmingham, for the admirable manner in which they have printed this book, and for the readiness with which they have complied with my requirements.

It is a source of much pleasure to me, as well as a duty, to record my sincere thanks to the following gentlemen, who voluntarily guaranteed me from loss in the publication of my Flora; although (thanks to the generous support accorded to me) it has not been needful to trench upon their generosity, the feeling of security it imparted was gratifying and helpful. My guarantors were the Right Honble. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., the Rev. A. R. Vardy, M.A., Dr. Lawson Tait, F.R.C.S., Prof. W. Hillhouse, M.A., and Messrs. R. W. Chase, Thomas Hooper, J. JafFray, J. P., Wm. Mathews, M.A., A. Follett Osier, 'F.R.S., C. T. Parsons, J.P., J. B. Stone, J.P., F.L.S., and A. W. Wills, J.P. To the Council of the Birmingham Philosophical Society I am also greatly indebted for the vote of ;^io from the Research Fund of that Society ; and I gratefully thank my numerous subscribers, by whose kindly support I have been enabled to carry out the wish of my later years, in the publica- tion of this Flora of my native county.

In. conclusion, I beg to say I shall be glad to receive additional botanical records from any of my readers who may be in a position to supply them. All such records will be duly acknowledged, and given in the name of the sender in any future notes I may publish on the Flora of Warwickshire.

JAMES E. BAGNALL. 84, Witton Road, Aston, Birmingham, Nov. 29th, 1890.

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CONTENTS.

)DUCTION :-			page
Topography	• • • • • •		ix.
Position	• • • • • .		ix.
Size	..		ix.
Boundaries	• • ••		ix.
Area	..		ix.
Elevation of Sur£aice		ix.
Drainage	• • • • ■ •		X.
Climate	. .		X.
Surface Soils	..		X.
Woods	..		X.
Agricultural Returns		X.
Geology . .	• • • • • •		xi.
Meteorology	• • • • • •	• • •	xvii.
Division of Warwickshire into Districts :-—
Tame			xix.
Blythe			XX.
Anker			xxii.
Avon			xxiii.
Leam			xxiv.
Sow			XXV.
Stour			XXV.
Alne			xxvi.
Arrow			xxvii.
Cherwell			xxviii.
Plan of Flora			xxix.
Signs and Abbreviations used		XXX.
List of Books	, MSS., and Herbaria quoted	xxxi.
Corresponden	ts and Principal Workers		xxxiv

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Vin. CONTENTS.
THE FLORA :—
	PAGE
Dicotyledones	I
Monocotyledones	.. 244
Acotyledones or Cryptogameae . .	.. 315
Filices	315
Musci	.. 329
Hepaticse	.. 377
Lichenes	.. 385
Fungi .. ..	.. 387
Summary	.. 466
CoMiTAL Census . .	.. 468
Table of Distribution ..	.. 469
HISTORY OF THE PROGRESS OF BOTANY IN THE COUNTY :—
John Ray ..	.. 490
William Withering . .	.. 492
Countess of Aylesford	.. 493
W.G.Perry	.. 494
Thomas Purton . .	... 495
W. T. Bree	.. 497
W. Baxter	.. 498
William Ick..	.. 499
Thomas Kirk	.. SCO
Andrew Bloxam	.. 501
William Cheshire .. .. ..	.. 502
Rugby School Society	.. 502
Mrs. Russell..	.. 505
Canon Young . . . . * .	.. 506
Dr. Baker . . . . . .	.. 507
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS	.. 508
INDEX OF FLOWERING PLANTS	.. 509
MOSSES AND HEPATICiE . .	.. 513
FUNGI	.. S14
COMMON ENGLISH NAMES	.. S15

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INTRODUCTION.

TOPOGRAPHY.

Warwickshire, which lies between 51" 37' yf and 52" 42' north latitude and i" 7' 30" and i" 56' 40* west longitude, is an inland county in central England. It is bounded on the east by Leicestershire and Northamptonshire, on the south-east by Oxfordshire, on the south-west by Gloucestershire, on the west by Worcester- shire, and on the north-west by Staffordshire. It is met by the counties of Stafford, Derby, and Leicester at its north point ; and at its south point is the Four-shire Stone, marking the union of Warwick, Gloucester, Oxford, and Worcester. It is of irregular form, tapering north and south. Its greatest length, from No Man's Heath, near Seckington, in the north, to Little Compton, in the south, is about fifty-five miles; its greatest breadth, from Inkford to the boundary line near Hill Morton, thirty-five miles ; circumference 150 miles. Its area is 885 square miles, or 566,458 acres. It contains 4 hundreds. 2 cities, i county town, 10 market towns, and 209 parishes. Its population in 1 881 was 737*339 — males 337,146, females 380,193; and more than half its inhabitants, viz., 400,774, are within the city of Birmingham.

ELEVATIONS.

The surface of Warwickshire is fairly diversified, and almost everywhere undu- lating and picturesque, but never grand or imposing. Its greatest elevations are mostly on the borders of the county. At Bright Hill, the southern boundary, the highest point is about 737ft. above sea level ; running north-east of this a long ridge of high land forms the Oxfordshire boundary, and is at its highest point about 705ft. This forms a continuation of the Edge Hill range. The highest point on the Edge Hill is near Knowle End, about 760ft. The Avon Dassett (668ft.), Burton Dassett (710ft.), and Farnborough Hills (570ft.) are part of the same range. North-east of Wormleighton is the Northamptonshire boundary, formed by Marston Hill, 626ft., and Shuckburgh Hill, 570ft. The eastern boundary at Hill Morton attains an elevation of 403ft. ; north-east at Watling Street, near Wolvey, We have 430ft. ; north, above Austrey, on the Leicester boundary, 380ft. ; and at the Staffordshire boundary, near Four Oaks, 565ft. The north-west boundary, in the Hagley Road, 607ft. ; west, near Withall .md Forshaw Heath, 527ft. ; the Ridgeway, near Alcester and Coughton, 408ft. ; and south-west, at Ilmington Downs, 855ft. Besides these are elevations at Oldbury Camp, near Atherstone, 558ft. ; Corley, 625ft. ; and in the south-west Brailes Hill, about 700ft. The lowest points are the river beds : these are given in greater detail further on, but in the Tame basin that near Ladies' Bridge, Tamworth, 1 80ft., and in the Avon at Stratford-on-Avon, 11 oft., and near Salford Priors, about 80ft., are the lowest Doints.

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X. DRAINAGE, CLIMATK, SOILS, ETC.

DRAINAGE, CLIMATE, SOILS, &c.

With the exception of a small portion in the south-east, Warwickshire is drained by two principal rivers, the Tame and Avon ; a ridge of high land, forming an irregular line from east to west, forming the chief watershed of the county. From near High Cross on Watling Street, the line of water-parting passes north of Monks Kirby and Shilton in a westerly direction. Near Barnacle Hall its strike becomes north-westerly through Bedworth and Arbury Park to near Astley. From this point it strikes somewhat abruptly south and south-west through Astley, forming the high land about Fillongley, Corley Moor, Berkswell, and Honiley. From near Honiley it takes a sinuous course north of Wroxall, Baddesley Clinton, and Lapworth, near Chalcot Wood, and north of Tan worth, to a point between Gorgot Hiil and Bramstone Cross on the highway forming the county boundary. All waters north of this line fall into the Tame, and are part of the Trent basin, and (with the exception above mentioned) all waters south of this line fall into the Avon, forming part of the Severn basin. A small portion in the south-east drains into the Cherwell, and belongs to the Thames basin. These various waters are fully traced in treating of the botanical districts.

The insulated position of this county, and its freedom from any great irregu- larities of surface, render its climate mild, and vegetation early. The winds most prevalent are from the south-west, frequently accompanied with rain ; but usually , towards the middle of May easterly winds are felt.

The soils are fertile but varied, comprising nearly all but those containing chalk and flints. All the southern and south-eastern part of the county, separated from the rest by an imaginary line drawn from the border of Northampton- shire, near Willoughby, south-westward by Grandborough, Long Itchington, Southam, Harbury, Ashorne, Wellesboume Hastings, to Atherstone-on-Stour, has nearly throughout a strong clay resting on limestone. A soil of a similar nature occupies the north-eastern extremity of the county, and may be separated from the rest by a line passing from Watling Street, near Nuneaton, by Oldbury and Kings- bury to the eastern boundary of the county by Tamworth. Over a large portion of the county, from near Warwick to the western boundary neajr The Portway, including Salford, Alcester, and Henley-in-Arden, are strong clay loams resting on marl and limestone. Westward of Warwick commences a considerable tract of strong clay on limestone, which extends south-westward to the confines of the county, Stratford-on-Avon being situated on the south-eastern side of it. The detached portions of it about Crimscote, Ilmington, &c., have a similar soil. About Shotswell. Warmington, Radway, Avon Dassett, and Farnborough, and along the Warwick Road as far as Gaydon, is a large extent of rich pastures ; fine grazing land is also found stretching from Grandborough to near Dunchurch.

About Rugby and Grandborough are light, sandy soils, mixed with gravel. A similar soil extends from Meriden northward to the boundary of the county, chiefly in the valleys of the Blythe and Tame, such as much of the country around Coleshill Heath and Sutton Coldfield. The remaining extensive portions of the county consist chiefly of a red sandy loam and a red clay loam, resting on free- stone or limestone, and sometimes on a sharp gravel. Coventry is also surrounded by a rich, deep sandy loam, resting on marl and freestone. About Castle Bromwich, a good red, clayey loam prevails, extending eastward to Coleshill, and westward to Birmingham. The extent of unenclosed land is very inconsiderable, the only extensive commons being those of Sutton Coldfield and Yarningale.

Whilst Warwickhire is well wooded, and, in some parts, still retains remnants of the old Forest of Arden, the woods are usually small ; but fine woods are still existing, such as those about Long Compton, Wolford, Chesterton, Oversley, Ragley, Wootton Wawen, Baddesley Clinton, Stoneleigh. Princethorpe, Meriden, Hartshill, and Corley ; and the grand old parks of Stoneleigh and Packington are rich in forest trees of great size and age.

The following table shows the acreage under each crop in the county of Warwick, as taken from the agricultural returns for 1887 and 1888 : —

Total land and water, 566.458 acres. Total under all crops and bare £Ulow, 1887, 496,429 acres ; 1888, 496,892 acres.

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AGRICULTURE, — GEOLOGY.

XL

Corn Crops.

1887. 1888.

Wheat 48,726 .... 50,472

Barley 16,290 .... 14,612

Oats 21,297 23,031

Rye 258 .... 443

Beans 14,050 12,516

Peas 4»4i8 .... 4.949

Total Com Crops 105,039 106,023

Green Crops.

Potatoes 4.936 .... 5.365

Turnips and Swedes 16,913 .... 16,142

Mangolds 4)I98 . . • • 4.127

Carrots II4 .... 120

Cabbage 971 .... 1,025

Vetches 4i279 • • • . 4,73i

Total Green Crops 31.4" 3i>5io

For Hay 27,040 .... 26,517

Clover, Sanfoin,and Grass under

rotation 13.743 •••• 12,085

Total 49.783 38,602

Permanent Pasture not broken up 308,689 .... 31 1 .955

Flax 14 .... I

Bare fallow 10,493 * > • . ^.i^i

Woods and Coppices 1887, 16,659.

GEOLOGY.

The following account of the Geology of Warwickshire makes no pretence to completeness ; it deals simply with those principal features of the stratigraphy of the county about which the Botanist is likely to desire information, and does not enter into that detail which alone satisfies the craving for fects of the Geologist.

The Geolc^ical formations found in Warwickshire are as follows : —

POST-TERTIARY ROCKS.

	Post-Glacial.
	Glacial.
ZOIC ROCKS.
Oolitic	Inferior Oolite.
Liassie .. .. •	Middle.
	Lower.
RhSBtic . • • •	Marls and White Lias.
	Keuper.
	New Red Marl and Upper Keuper
	Sandstone.
Triassic ^. ..	Lower Keuper Sandstone, Bunter.
	Upper Red and Mottled Sandstone.
	Pebble Beds.
	[ Lower Mottled Sandstone (?).

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Xll. GEOLOGY.

PALEOZOIC ROCKS.

Permian . . • . Sandstones and Calcareous Breccia.

carboniferous .. {EoTr^^S^S:

na^K^iAM f Stockingford Shales.

Cambrian .. .. | HartshiJl Quartzite. Fundamental . . Caldecote Volcanic Series.

General GeolOgieal Features.— The dominant geological formation of Warwickshire is the Trias, which extends over a large part of the county. To the east and south of the Fosse-way, the Lias is found ; two outliers of which also occur more to the west — near Knowle and Wootton Wawen. The beds of the Trias are nowhere very steeply inclined, but there is a distinct anti-clinal running in a general north and south direction through Nuneaton. The crest of this arch is denuded in a region extending from Shuttington on the north through Dosthill, Maxstoke, and Berkswell on the west, to Ashow on the south, and Coventry, Nuneaton, and Merevale on the east ; and, in consequence, rocks much older than the Triassic, belonging to the Permian, Carboniferous, and Cambrian formations, are now exposed.

Fundamental Crystalline Rocks.— Caldecote Volcanic Group (Lapworth). — The oldeJst rocks found in Warwickshire occur in the park of Calde- cote Hill, rising from beneath the quartzite (Upper Cambrian), on the north-east side of the range of low hills which this rock forms between Nuneaton and Harts- hill. They consist of a finely laminated rock, probably a tuff, with intrusions of diabase and quartz-porphyry. They have a dip of 25° to 30" to the south-west. These rocks are equivalent probably to the igneous -series of Charnwood Forest. They may be of Archaean age, and are certainly older than the Upper Cambrians, which overlie them, as the lowest bed of the latter — the Hartshill Quartzite — is in part composed of their fragments.

Cambrian. — Near the north-east limit of the county is a ridge of high ground about nine and a half miles long by one broad, running from north-west to south- east, and extending from Merevale through Nuneaton to Bedworth. The rocks composing this ridge consist of quartzites and thin-bedded shales, pierced by dykes of diorite. They were formerly mapped as altered Millstone Grit and Carboni- ferous Shales respectively, but the fossils present in the shales conclusively prove them to be of Cambrian age.

The complete succession is as follows : —

Stockingford Shaies | Upper Division— grey and black. bTOCKiNGFORD i>HALES JLo^^^ Division— purple and green. Hartshill Quartzite.

The Hartshill Quartzite extends from Nuneaton to a point half-a-mile north of Hartshill : it is usually purplish in colour, but often grey or even white, and has a steady dip to the south-west of from 25" to 40*. The base is a coarse, stratified conglomerate or breccia, containing fragments of the underlying Caldecote series. This passes into a grit, and finally into an intensely hard, fine-grained rock, composed of quartz-grains so closely cemented together by silica as to have almost lost individuality. The rock is well bedded, and contains bands of sandy shales : it is traversed by sheets of intrusive coarse-grained diorite. The quartzite is much quarried for road-metal.

The Stockingford Shales.— These extend from Bedworth to Waste Hill, which is a mile and a half north of Atherstone. They are divisible into two perfectly conformable sub-divisions, the lower of which rests conformably on the quartzite. The shales are fine-grained and laminated, and contain only a few harder and more micaceous bands.

The Lower Division is purple or green in colour, and contains OboUlla Salteti^ LinguUlla Upis, Lingulella pygmota^ Protospongia^ &c

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GEOLOGY. XUl.

The Upper Division is grey or black, with AgH05tus piHformis^ Beyrichia Angelini^ Spharophthalmus alaius^ Dictyonema^ &c.

The contained fossils indicate that the Stockin^ord shales are equivalent to the uppermost beds of the Lingula Flags, and possibly to a portion of the Lower Tremadoc series.

These beds are pierced by numerous sheets of diorite, which frequently follow the bedding-planes, and have much the appearance of contemporaneous lava-flows. They are proved, however, to be intrusive by the facts that the shales are altered both above and below, and that in places the diorite is seen cutting across the beds of sedimentary rock.

At Dosthill, on the western side of the coalfield, there is a small patch of shales pierced by intrusive diorite. Though the former have furnished annelid-burrows only, there can be but little doubt but that they are of the same age as the Stock- ingford beds.

CaPbonifePOUS. — Overlying the Stockingford shales is a series of rocks belonging to the Upper Division of the Carboniferous system, or Coal Measures. They extend from a point a little north of Shuttington, south-ea!^t to Hawksbury, a distance of about fifteen miles. From its southern extremity to Baddesley Ensor the coalfield has an average width of rather less than a mile and a half ; north of this point it widens out suddenly into an irregular trapezoid four miles in width, reaching to Dosthill on the west. The area of the coalfield is about 30 square miles.

On its north-east side the coalfield is bounded by a fault, having a down-throw in that direction at the most northerly point of about 1,000 feet. It commences near Shuttington, and runs in a south-easterly direction to Merevale, and brings down the Permian Sandstone, Bunter Conglomerate, and Lower Keuper Sandstone against the Coal Measures. South of Merevale, the latter crop out unconformably to the Upper Cambrian rocks, which lie to the east, and in their further extension southward are covered unconformably by the Lower Keuper Sandstone.

The trapezoidal part of the coalfield mentioned above is bounded to the north- west by one fault, and to the west by a second : the former brings down the Keuper Sandstone, the latter the Keuper Marl, against the Coal Measures.

To the south and south-east the coalfield is limited by the out-crop of the Permian beds, which are generally conformable to the underlying Carboniferous rocks.

The Coal Measures are between 600 and 700 feet thick, and consist of alternating beds of sandstone, shale, indurated clays, and beds of coal, with one well-marked bed of limestone in the upper part of the series, about 50 feet below the base of the Permian strata. Of these, the limestone and coals are the most constant over the whole field, the other strata, especially the sandstones, being very variable in thickness. They form a kind of synclinal trough.

The actual base of the measures is formed in some cases of a conglomeratic sandstone ; in other cases the coal-seams appear to rest directly on the Cambrian rocks. In places the dip of the sandstone and coal-seams is almost the same as that of the underlying shales, and, indeed, early observers considered that the two series were quite conformable, but more recent investigations have clearly shown that this is not the case, and there really is unconformability, which at times is very considerable in amount.

The workable seams of coal are five in number, one being double, and divided by a thin bed of fire-clay only. The intermediate sandstone beds which separate the various seams difter greatly in thickness, and thin away to the southward. Thus, in the northern part of the coal-field, in the neighbourhood of Tamworth, Polesworth. and Baddesley, the different coal-seams are widely separated, but in the southern region the whole of the coals come together, and practically form one thick seam, with thin partings of fire-clay.

In the narrower part of the coal-field, from Bedworth to Baddesley Ensor, only the eastern out-crops of the coal-seams are seen ; but in the wider northern part the seams come again to the surface in the west, near Dosthill.

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XIV. GEOLOGY.

In the higher part of these coal measures there occurs a thin bed of limestone at a position about 50 feet beneath the lowest Permian rocks. It is generally from two to three feet thick, and contains the small serpula, Spirorbis caHfOftartus, Its out-crop generally follows the boundary of the Permian rocks and Coal Measures. It also occurs in a small outlier of Coal Measures brought up by a fault at Arley, about half way between Nuneaton and Coleshill.

Pepmian. — The main mass of Permian rocks occupies an area of about 90 square miles, extending from Baddesley Ensor on the north to within a few miles of Leamington and Warwick on the south ; the greatest breadth is from Coventry on the east to Berkswell on the west. On the north and north-east these rocks are bounded by Coal Measures, which they cover apparently conformably ; to the east and south they are covered unconformably by the Keuper Sandstone ; to the west they are brought against the Keuper Marl and Sandstone by two faults, the one being a continuation of the west boundary fault of the coal-field, and the other ranging parallel to the former, and lying a little to the west of Kenilworth.

The country occupied by these rocks presents an undulating surface, with bold hills, rising at Corley Moor to an elevation of 625 feet above sea-level.

There is also a small patch of Permian rocks, north of Polesworth, brought down against the Coal Measures by the eastern boundary fault of the coal-field, and there is a small outlier in the midst of the coal-field at Wilnecote.

In the northern and central parts of the coal-field the overlying Permians seem to be conformable to the Upper Coal Measures, but the outlier just mentioned rests on the Lower Measures, the Spirorbis limestone being absent. As, then, here certainly the Permian are really unconformable to the Carboniferous rocks, it seems probable that the conformity of the two series further south is purely accidental.

The thickness of the Warwickshire Permian beds is about 2,000 feet, and they dip to the south-west. They consist of alternations of pale red, brown, and purple sandstones; red marl, and beds of calcareous breccia and conglomerate. The latter generally occur in the lower part of the formation, and sometimes exist in continuous beds ; they are sometimes so calcareous as to form an impure limestone, and contain pebbles derived from older rocks, some like Upper Llandovery Sand- stone, others fragments of Carboniferous Limestone, The higher beds are marls and sandstones.

Fossils occur very rarely in these beds ; firagments of Lepidodendron^ Caiamites^ Cauierpites, and Breea, internal casts of a brachiopod allied to Strophaiosia, and remains of Labyrinthodonts have been found.

TFiassie. — a large part of Warwickshire north of the Avon, together with a narrow strip to the south of it, is covered by these rocks. They are, however, neither as thick nor as completely developed as in Cheshire : in that county the Keuper beds are some 3,400 feet thick, and the Bunter 1,500 feet, while in War- wickshire they are respectively 850 and 100 feet. The uppermost member of the formation, the New Red Marl, has the largest exposure, the Bunter beds existing only in patches and narrow belts. The scenery of the district covered by the Triassic rocks is undulating and well wooded.

The Triassic rocks are unconformable to all rocks below them, and to the east of the coal-field seem to rest directly on rocks older than the Carboniferous.

The Bunter Division.— The Bunter beds are nearly 600 feet thick at Birmingham, but thin away rapidly towards the east, till at the south end of the Warwickshire coal-field they entirely disappear, and the Keuper beds rest directly on the Carboniferous and Permian strata.

Lower Bunter Sandstone. — These beds are present at Barr Beacon, in Staffordshire, where they have a dip of about 15° to the south-east. It seems probable that they form a gentle syncline beneath Sutton Park, and that much of the strip of rocks marked as Upper Bunter Sandstone on the Survey maps, will prove to be these Lower Sandstones brought up to the surface by the synclinal curve. For details see ** The Barr Beacon Beds," by J. Landon, Proc. Birmingham Phil Soc, 1889-90, p. 113.

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GBOLOGY. XV.

Thr Conglombrats or Pebblb-bbd.— These rocks are exposed (i) near Polesworth, immediately east of the boundary fault of the coal-field ; to the east they are faulted against the Lower Keuper Sandstone. (2) Near Birmingham and Sutton Coldfield.

The conglomerate consists of pebbles of quartz, carboniferous limestone and chert, Millstone Grit, and other rocks, all very much rounded and waterworn. They are generally cemented together in a sandy matrix. No contemporaneous fossils are present, but within the pebbles themselves are many remams which indicate their geological age, and show them to have been derived from Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous rocks. The exact places of derivation, however, have not been satisfactorily determined, and this is especially the case with regard to Ordovician and Devonian pebbles, which are of the type of these systems as developed in Brittany, and exhibited in England in the Budleigh-Salterton Pebbles in the Trias of Devon.

Upper Red and Mottled Sandstone is found at Edgbaston, Aston, Erdington, and Sutton Coldfield ; it is not present at Polesworth, where the con- glomerate is immediately covered by the Lower Keuper Sandstone. It is soft and red, without any pebbles, and contains layers of yellow and white sandstone.

Keuper Division.— Lower Keuper Sandstone or Waterstones.— These rocks come to the surface in two districts : — (i.) On the western boundary of the county, running to a narrow strip of half a mile in width through Birming- ham and Aston to Sutton Coldfield, with a general dip to the east of five degrees ; to the west they crop out above the Bunter beds ; to the east they are faulted against the Keuper Marls, to the north-west against the Bunter Conglomerate. (2. ) The Waterstones are also found forming a belt (which is broken in a few places) round the Carboniferous and Permian area of East Warwickshire ; where- ever prevented from appearing it is owing to the existence of faults, which bring down the Red Marl against the older formations. Thus, this belt of sandstone is found ninning from Fazeley through Tam worth, Stockington and Shuttington to Merevale, being faulted against the coal measures ; from Merevale to Nuneaton the Red Marl is faulted against the Cambrian rocks, and the Lower Sandstone is not seen ; but from this last point it runs in a continuous belt of a mile or two in width through Coventry to Leamington and Warwick, where it is limited to the west by a north and south fault which brings it against the Red Marl, and to the east by the outcrop of the same beds. It is seen again near Berkswell, whence it runs to Maxstoke, being faulted to the east against the Permian beds, and limited to the west by the outcrop of the Red Marl. These rocks consist of white, red, and brown sandstones, with thin bands of interstratified red and mottled marls. In the neighbourhood of Warwick, footprints and remains of Labyrinthodonts have been found.

Red Marl and Upper Keuper Sandstone. — This, the uppermost division of the Triassic series, extends from near the western border of Warwickshire, where it is bounded by the lower beds of the series, which rise from beneath it, right across to the Carboniferous and Permian area, east of which it reaches to the eastern confines of the county. From Fazeley to Maxstoke it is faulted in a north and south line against the Coal Measures and Permians, and also against the latter for some distance north and south of Kenil worth. Along a line running in a north-east to south-west direction from Willey, through Stretton-on-Dunsmore to Moreton Morrell and Bath Hill, it is bounded by the Lias, which also limits it to the south by an irregular out -crop, including Stratford, Whitchurch, Aston Cantlow, Wixford, and Bidford.

These beds attain in this district a maximum thickness of about 600ft. , and consists principally of red and mottled marls. In the upper part there occurs irregularly a band of sandstone and ejreen marl — the Upper Keuper Sandstone. It is never more than from 25ft. to 30ft. thick, and is best seen at Preston Bagot, Rowington, <fec.

Salt is not found in the New Red Marl of Warwickshire as it is in that of Wor« cestershire ; and gypsum, although commonly present in thin bands, is not found in sufficient quantity for profitable extraction.

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XVI. GEOLOGY.

RhSBtie. — The Triassic strata pass conformably up into lo or 15 feet of black shales, above which come 30 or 40 feet of light and dark coloured marls, with nodular bands of limestone containing the usual Rhsetic fossils, and a stratum of yellow micaceous sandstone full of casts of Schizodus cloacinus. These strata are of undoubted Rhsetic age, although the characteristic bone-bed is not exposed. They are best seen at the base of the Lias outliers near Knowle and Wootton Wawen. They are also exposed in the south-west corner of the county near Alcester, and in the railway cutting at Harbury.

These Rhsetic beds pass upwards into hard, fine-grained limestones, known as White Lias, the exact age of which is a matter of dispute. They occupy a con- siderable area to the south and south-east of Warwick.

Liassie. — This formation crops out above the Trias in the southern and south- eastern parts of the county, the outcrop which runs in a north-easterly direction being much indented, aud forming the southern and eastern boundary of the Triassic rocks as deftribed above. Outliers occur at Copt Heath, near Knowle, and at Wootton Wawen.

The Lower Lias. — The rocks of this division are found spreading over the county to the northeast, south-east, south and south-west of Warwick. They consist of blue clays and shales, interstratified with beds of blue, rubbly, and argillaceous limestone, and attain a thickness of 7cx> feet near Rugby. The two outliers mentioned above are composed of Lower Lias.

The Middle Lias or Marlstone. — These beds form the range of hills on the south-eastern border of the county, of which Edge Hill is the highest member, and thence strike southwards into Oxfordshire.

The lower beds are clays and marls ; the highest, or marlstone, forms good building stone, being of a hard, marly nature, more or less indurated, of a green or yellow-brown colour, and sometimes ferruginous.

The Upper Lias occurs on the hills above Fenny Compton. near Brailes, and at a few other places in the neighbourhood forming the slopes of the Oolitic escarpment.

It is represented by a soft blue clay, sometimes shaly, and containing con- cretionary beds.

Oolitic — On the Burton Dassett Hills near Kineton there is a small patch of the Inferior Oolite. It is about 30 feet thick, and rests directly on the Upper Lias clay.

Post-TePtiary. —The Tertiary formation is not represented in Warwick- shire, but deposits of later age are found in all parts of the county, and in many places hide the formations which have been described above. Their general similarity to the prevailing Triassic beds produces a uniformity in the flora to which reference has already been made ; for instance, very few characteristic lime- stone plants occur in the regions where the composition of the underlying rocks would lead us to expect their presence.

The complete succession of the Post-Tertiary deposits is as follows : —

Post-Glacial Clays, Sands and Gravels. Glacial Beds.

Upper Boulder Clays.

Middle Glacial Clays, Sands and Gravels.

Lower Boulder Clays.

The Boulder Clays contain erratic blocks in greater or less number. The Middle Glacial Beds are generally found wherever there is undulating ground. In the Post-Glacial Beds there have been discovered remains of Rhinoceros, Mammoth, and other animals now extinct.

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GEOLOGY — METEOROLOGY. XVU.

Maps of Warwickshirr.—	-Published by H.M. Geologic^ Survey :—
Quarter-	sheet	,44.N.E.
		45, N.W.
		53. N.W.	; 53. S.W. ; 53. N.E. ; 53, S.E.
		54, N.W.	; 54, S.W.; 54. N.E. ; 54, S.E.
		62, N.E. ;	62, S.E. ; 62. S.W.
		63, N.W.	; 63, S.W. ; 63, S.E.

METEOROLOGY.

In the Official Meteorology of the British Islands Warwickshire is included in the Midland Counties District of the Principal Wheat -producing Districts ; and during the twenty -four years, 1866 to 1889 inclusive, this district is found to have had a mean temperature of 48**"4, and a mean annual rainfall of 29 "i inches, as against a mean temperature of 48° '5 and a rainfall of 35 inches over the British Islands generally. In the last twelve years, 1878 to 1889 inclusive, the rainy days, or those on which one hundredth part of an inch or more fell, were, in this district, on an average, 191, rising to 210 days in 1 882 (the wettest year), and falling to 148 days in 1887 (the driest year), the average number of such rainy days over the British Islands generally during this period having been 196.

But as all the above mean'values for the district which includes Warwickshire, are derived from observations taken at stations, none of which are situated within the county, but at an average distance from its centre of not less than fifty miles, considerable variation from these mean values might be expected on comparing the meteorology of the county with that of the district. Daily observa- tions which have been taken during the eighteen years, 1872 to 1889 inclusive, both at Rugby School* and Barrells Park, near Henley-in-Arden, supply data for calculating very approximately mean values for siich comparison. These stations are well situated for the purpose, Rugby being on the eastern border of the county, and nearly equidistant from its northern and southern extremities, while Barrells is in the like position on the western border. Rugby is 383 feet above sea-level, and Barrells 312 feet. Thus the one is probably a little higher and the other a little lower than the averj^e elevation of the county above sea-leveU

From these observations the approximate mean temperature of the county is found to be 48° '3. and the annual rainfall 29* 18 inches on 185 days at Rugby, and 3278 inches on 189 days at Barrells, or 30*96 inches on 187 days approximately for the county.

Interesting as such mean values undoubtedly are, and towards their determination the discussion of meteorological observations usually tends, it is rather the distribution of such mean temperature and rainfall throughout the months of the year, the daily range of temperature, and the occurrence of the extremes of heat, cold, and moisture, which are of especial interest to the botanist as to the agriculturist ; for it is these conditions which determine what species of plants can exist, flourish, and mature their fruit, and what crop is most suitable to the climate. Comparing Warwickshire with Hert- fordshire, for instance, these mean values will be found to be very similar for both counties, not only for the year but for many months of the year ; while centuries of painful experience of the above controlling conditions have taught the Warwickshire farmer that his county is little fitted for corn-growing com- pared with Hertfordshire, and such conditions would be found to have exercised an important influence over the comparative flora of the two counties.

Mean meteorological values, again, will vary considerably under small physio- graphical changes ; e.g.^ nine years of daily observations at a station less than i}i

* Rugby School Report, passim.

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XVllI.

METEOROLOGY.

miles from Barrells, hut 177 feet higher, upon the edge of the plateau which occupies so much of the area of North Warwickshire, show a mean annual temperature }i degree lower, and nine more frosty days, but usually com- prised in a shorter period of the year, while the annual rainfall is one inch less, and there are twenty fewer rainy days.

For the annual range and distribution through the year of Warwickshire rainfall, atmospheric pressure, and temperature, the tables below may be consulted. The wettest year observed was 1872, when 44*55 inches of rain fell at Barrells in 225 days, and 36*25 at Rugby in 229 days ; and the driest year was 1887, with a total rainfall of 19*51 inches, with 144 days on which rain fell, as observed at Rugby. The wettest calendar month observed was August, 1879, when 7*98 inches fell in twenty days at Barrells ; and the driest month observed was January, 1880, when 0*39 inches fell in six days at Rugby.

Droughts, or fourteen consecutive days or more without rain, occur at Barrells about once in a year, averaging eighteen days' duration ; and partial droughts, or twenty-eight days or more without a total rainfall of *28 inches, about once in four years, averaging thirty -one days' duration and '15 inches of rainfall only.

The heaviest rainfall in a short period occurred at Barrells on the 13th July, 1889, when 3*64 inches fell in sixty-five minutes ; a quantity unequalled at any station in the British Islands for at least ten years.* On the 19th June, 1872, 3*41 inches also fell there in two hours, in part explaining the phenomenal rainfall there in that year. Frost, or a temperature of 32** or less, four feet from the ground, occurs at Barrells, on an average, upon eighty days of the year, between the 17th October and nth May, the first autumn frost being sometimes a fortnight earlier, and the last spring frost ten days later.

N.B.- The mean daily temperature is practically that of a shaded thermo- meter read at 9 a.m.

Results of 18 Y^rs* Daily Observations of Warwickshire Rainfall FROM 1872 TO 1889 Inclusive.

1

Rugby and Barrells

Rugby School.

Barrblls Park. I

COMBINBO as AyBRAGB

FOR County.

j^

>t

>t

V

>t

>»

>t

2

>» 1 >t . >> r V

'-S

g

s

.5

.S 0 S

g

§

s

§

§

JZ

.2

.5

a

a

.s

.S

c

.2

s

0 §

0 g

During Month of

Is II 1

3

6

li H 1 1

1-: 9 e c — <

1 2

11 »5oo M <

i-s ft <

a s E 1

S 3

IS <

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

Ins.

January .. .. February. . . .

17

3-84

0-39

a- 13

IS

4Sa

o-s8

. 2*50

x6

4-x8

048

2-3X

x6

3'9i

o"6i

203

x6

4-26

OS7

225

16

4-o8

0-S9

214

March . . . .

X4

3*io

0-62

x'so

14

3'4i

07X

1-89

14

325

066

x-69

AprU May

14

367

0-4X

»'9S

x6

3-99

o*6x

*'*§

IS

3-83

0-5X

20s

X4

5*30

0-41

219

IS

0-7X

2-58

IS

S'S4

0*56

2-38

Tunc July

13

4-48

075

2*64

\t

7*69

o'40

2-82

H

6-o8

057

3-P

XS

7-88

017

3*54

0*96

OSS

3'i8

x6

7-42

0-36

August . . . .

14

5-6o

X06

a'55

15

It

076

3*27

14

679

o'9x

X^\

September . .

tS

4-83

x'oa

2-56

IS

103

31S

IS

S-8x

X*02

October .. ..

x8

5-62

0-66

3'°*

17

740

066

3*40

^i

^V

o'66

3*22

November . .

x8

474

1x5

2-88

19

i^

x-o6

3x2

4-89

x'xo

3*oo

December

X7

4x8

o-6x

2-17

17

o'SS

2*47

17

517

0-58

2-33

During Year.

x85

29*18

X89

32-78

187

3096

*Symons' British Rainfall, 1889, p. 70.

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METEOROLOGY. — BOTANICAL DISTRICTS. Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature.

XIX.

						Mean Temperatures com-
						puted from daily obser- vations of Maximum
		Means of Monthly Observations of M	aximum
		and Minimum Atmospheric Pressure and	and Minimum Shaded
		'I'emperature at	Rugby School for seven	I'hermometers at Bar-
		years from 1883 to	1889 inclusive.		rells Park for ig years*
						from 1871 to 1889 inclu-
						sive.
	i	•s	•s	c	.s	c
Month.	'v 8	.s Is il 8 .fip	.s 1l	II	2 3 tl	0 i 1	1 .2 ^•5	.s i	2 I
	:§	DC				^	c3	<
January ..	30-004	30-667	29'o85	52-2	21 'o	15'3	42-7	31-2	371
February . .	30014	30569	29-318	537	230	150	43-8	34-8	395
March ..	29'973	30*404	29-106	59'6	215	X4-8	44-6	388	41-5
-^?:: ::	29-905	30-401	29-372	65-5	275	21*2	S0-4	^r^	466
29*935	30376	29-370	76-7	324	26-5	557	48-2	515
June.. ..	30-013	30381	29-639	79-1	39'3	35'3	61-2	55*2	59"S
July .. ..	29-964	30307	29*544	803	42-0	37'9	65-7	58-2	59"5
August . .	30-001	30-312	29-528	79-8	44-6	364	636	576	6o-5
September .	30-005	30442	29452	73'5	34-6	30-4	597	527	534
October ..	29-919	30-459	29-121	64-0	33'3	266	520	45*1	47'9
November .	29954	30-322	29-209	56-5	252	20-5	47*3	37*4	4i'9
December. .	30-002	30-547	29-140	53*5	233	14-6	42-5	qi-2	37-3

DIVISION OF WARWICKSHIRE INTO BOTANICAL DISTRICTS.

In order to show the relative frequency of the plants forming the Warwick- shire Flora, it has been necessary to divide the county into districts. For this purpose the county has been divided into ten districts, by means of the water-partings of its principal rivers ; this method appearing to myself to be the most natural and most readily comprehended. The districts thus formed are of irregular area ; but to make these districts more uniform in area, in cases where the district drained by these streams is very small, two such river basins have been made one, so that the Tame district includes the Tame proper and the smaller river the Bourne. The Blythe includes the Blythe and Cole; the Sow includes the Sow and Sherborne ; Leam includes the Learn and Itchen ; and the Avon includes the Avon proper and its small tributary the Dene. The following pages will give each of these rivers seriatim, with their course and drainage.

I. — Tame Basin.

The Tame takes its rise near Bloxwich and south of Cannock Chase ; here it is a small and insignificant stream. It is fed by waters collected in the Silurian hills in the neighbourhood of Dudley, from the country east of Wolverhampton, and from the western side of the ridge, commencing with Hamstead Hill and extend- ing northward several miles. The numerous streams unite a little south-west of Walsall, and the main stream thus swollen passes on past Perry Hall, and enters Warwickshire at the Witton Lane. From this it flows eastward past Salford Bridge, receiving on its left bank a small stream draining Upper and Lower Witton^

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XX. BOTANICAL DISTRICTS.

and a little east of this the small River Rea enters it on its right bank. This stream, the Rea, rises on the eastern slopes of Rubery Hill, and passing through Northfield and King's Norton, enters the county a little west of Deritend, and joins the Tame near Saltley. Continuing its eastern course, the Tame flows near Castle Bromwich, Water Orton, and under Curdworth Bridge to a little beyond Forge Mills, receiving on its right bank waters from Saltley, Wash wood Heath, and Ward End ; and on its left bank waters from Erdington, and East Brook, a stream formed by the streams rising in Sutton Park, and fed by the waters from Sutton, Maney, New Hall, Penns, and Popes Hayes, and also by waters from Minworth, Curdworth, and the surrounding country. A little east of Forge Mills the River Blythe enters on its right bank, and half a mile east of this the smaller River Bourne. The River Bourne is formed by the confluence of several streams. The main one— Bourne Brook — rises on Birchley Heath, near Bentley Park, and runs south-west through Ansley, near Arley House, and near Arley railway station is fed by several small streams, one coming west from Astley and past Tipper's Hill ; other streams rising on the northern slopes of Corley Moor, the high land in Birchley Hayes, and Didgley Brook from Green End ; these streams drain a wide extent of country ; and the united waters, forming the River Bourne, take a westerly course, past Hoare Park, Furnace End, and Shustoke to the confluence with the Tame near Hoggets End, its course being about ten miles. Here the Tame takes the course of the Bljrthe and turns abruptly northward past Lea Marston, Kingsbury, Dosthill, and through Fazeley to Tamworth, receiving on its right bank waters from Baxterley and Freasley, and on the left Langley Brook, which passes through Middleton and Middleton Park to its confluence with the Tame near Fisher's Mill, bringing the waters of a wide area west of the Tame, draining Langley, Wishaw, Canwell Gate, New Park, and the surrounding district. At Tamworth the Tame is joined by the River Anker ; and now passing west of Tamworth it enters Staffordshire again, and about eight miles further on joins the Trent near Aire was. The course of the Tame in Warwickshire is about twenty miles. The valley is wide and comparatively flat, high land occurring at Shustoke, Dosthill, Sutton Park, and Edgbaston.

The principal elevations are Edgbaston, the greatest being in the Hagley Road, 607ft. ; Sutton Park, 595ft. ; Trickley Coppice, 455ft. ; Dosthill, about 500ft. ; Ansley Village, 526ft. ; tunnel near Arley Station, 531ft.; Gunn Hill, near Arley, 522ft. ; Gorsy Lane, 554ft. ; Fillongley Village, 4.04ft. ; Green End, near Fillongley, 572ft. ; Glebe Farm, 518ft. ; Tame, at Witton, where it enters the county, 300ft. ; atBromford, 289ft. ; Castle Bromwich, 279ft; Fazeley Bridge, 212ft. ; Ladies' Bridge, Tamworth, i8oft.

The total number of flowering plants and ferns recorded for this valley is 826. Of these the following are the more rare : —

Thalictrum flavum ; Ranunculus fluitans ; R. Lenormandi ; R. Linp;ua ; Caltha Guerangerii ; Corydalis claviculata ; Cardamine amara ; Teesdalia nudicaulis; *Lipidium Draba; Viola palustris; V. flavicornis; Drosera rotundifolia ; Cerastium quatemellum ; Geranium pyrenaicum ; Rhamnus Frangula ; Ulex Gallii ; Ornithopus perpusilhis ; Sanguisorba officinalis ; Potentilla procumbens ; P. palustris ; Rubus fissus ; R. plicatus ; R. hamu- losus ; R. Salteri ; R. Sprengelii ; R. rosaceus ; R. scaber ; Uosa coriifolia ; R. Watsoni ; Pyrus Aria ; Callitriche obtusangula ; Saxifraga granulata ; Chrysosplenium alternifolium ; Parnassia palustris ; CEnanthe crocata ; Galium uliginosum ; Bidens cernua ; Inula Pulicaria? ; Crepis paludosa ; Jasione montana ; Vaccinium Oxycoccos ; V. Vitis-Idaea ; Calamintha Acinos ; Scutellaria minor ; Polygonum maculatum ; Orchis latifolia ; Narthecium ossifragum ; Colchicum autumnale ; Scirpus pauciflorus ; Carex dioica ; C. Ehrhartiana ; C. fulva ; Lastrea Thelypteris ; Lycopodium clavatum.

2. — Blythe Basin.

The Blythe is formed by the confluence of three streams, one rising near Birchy Cross, and draining part of the high land near Tanworth ; a second, Spring Brook, rising on the border land of Worcestershire and passing through Earlswood;

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BOTANICAL DISTRICTS. XXI*

a third, rising on Shirley Heath. These unite about half a mile north of Waring's Green. From this point the Blythe flows north-west for some distance, under Monkspath Bridge, and Blythe Bridge, neaz Mahrem Hall, and Eastcotes Hall. Here its course is (Uverted southward, flowing west of Barston, through Springfleld and Temple BalsoII, receiving on its way a confluence of small streams draining Knowle, Kingswood, Packwood, and Hockley. At Temple Balsall its course is diverted northward, flowing east of Barston Marsh, througn Ryton End, and under Patrick Bridge and Stonebridge, receiving on its way streams draining a large expanse of country, including a portion of Wroxall, Balsall Common, Berkswell, Eastcotes Green, and Hampton-in-Arden. From Stonebridge its course is still northwards through Little Packington, east of Coleshill, near Blythe Hall, to its confluence with the Tame near Hams Hall, receiving on both banks numerous feeders from Bickenhiil, Maxstoke, and Meriden,and, about a mile before joining the Tame, its principal tribuary, the Cole.

The Cole rises in Worcestershire, south-east of King's Norton, and is formed by the confluence of two streams, the more important being Inkford Brook. It commences its connection with the county a little to the south-west of Inkford, at an elevation of 500ft. above sea level ; passing under the Alcester Road at 1 Inkford Bridge, it forms the boundary line between the two counties of Worcester and Warwick for many miles, flowing norlh-east past Forshaw Park, Fulford Heath, and Colebrook Hall, so on through Greet, Yardley Fields, and Coleford, forming the boundary of that narrow strip of Worcestershire in which Acocks Green and Yardley are situated. It re-enters Warwickshire near Babb*s Mill, taking a sinuous course eastward, past Chelmsley Wood ; near this it receives feeders from Olton, Hampton Coppice, Marston Green, and Bickenhiil. A little beyond Chelmsley Wood its course is north-east, through Coleshill Park and the lower part of Coleshill, to its confluence with the Blythe near Forge Mills. Its course in the county is about nine miles.

The Blythe Valley is well wooded and watered by many minor streams, the western portion being a fine elevated district, bounded by the road running from Portway to Birmingham, having an elevation of from 527ft. to 535ft., and forming the water-partings of the Blythe, Cole, Alne, and Arrow. Apsley Heath, near this, is 436ft.; and Forshaw Heath 534ft. On its south-east side, the greatest elevation is near Close Wood, Kinwalsey, 604ft. From these points the land slopes towards the lower levels about Packington, where at the water level of the large pool the elevation is 301ft.

Spring Brook, one of the sources of the Bl)rthe, rises near Wood End above Tanworth, at an elevation of 580ft. ; at the confluence of the streams forming the Blythe, the elevation is 415ft. ; Monkspath Bridge, 409ft. ; Blyihe Bridge, near Solihull, 409ft.; Barston, 317ft.; Stonebridge, 278ft. ; ford at Little Packington, 262ft. ; Blythe Bridge, near Blythe Hall, 247ft., and at its confluence with the Tame about 225ft. The length of its course is about twenty-three miles. The Cole enters the county near Inkford Bridge, the elevation here being 500ft. ; laridge, near Coleshill Hall, 274ft. ; confluence with the Blythe, near Coleshill, about 230ft.

In this district I have found about 882 flowering plants, ferns, and fern allies, of which the following are the more important : —

Aquilegia vulgaris ; Lepidium Smithii ; Barbarea intermedia ; Sisymbrium Sophia ; Sagina ciliata ; S. nodosa ; Hypericum Androsaemum ; H. elodes ; Radiola linoides ; Geranium pyrenaicum ; Erodium cicutarium ; Genista tinctoria ; Trifolium filiforme ; Prunus Pad us ; Rubus hemisiemon ; R. Salteri ; R. rosaceus ; Rosa mollis ; Pyrus torminalis : Chrysoplenium alternifolium ; Cotyledon Umbilicus ; Myriophyllum spicatum ; Anihriscus vulgaris ; Adoxa Moschatellina ; Filago minima ; Anthemis arvensis ; Taraxacum palustre ; Campanula patula ; Menyanthes trifoliata ; Myosotis repens ; Limosella aquaiica ; Pinguicula vulgaris ; Calamintha arvensis ; Littorella lacustris ; Salix fusca ; S. argentea; Habenaria viridis ; Gagea fascicularis ; Narthecium ossifragum ; Juncus diflusus : Lemna gibba ; Eleocharis multicaulis ; Scirpus caespitosus ; Carex elongata ; C curta ; Alopecurus fulvus ; P'esiuca fallax ; Scolopendrium ; Botrychium Lunaria ; Pilularia globulifera ; Nitella opaca ; N. flexilis.

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3^X11. BOTANICAL DISTRICTS.

3.— The Anker Basin.

The Anker originates from a confluence of small streams, the main stream rising in Ryton Gorse, near Bulkington ; this, with streams rising near Wolvey, unite near Wolvers Hill, and the amalgamated streams take a northerly direction past Anker Bridge and Burton Hastings to Sunnyiields. Its course now becomes westerly through Attleborough Fields, and under the Trent Valley and Coventry railways. Near the latter it receives, on its left bank, Griff Brook, a stream rising near Shilton Village and draining part of Bulkington, Bedworth, Griff Hollows, part of Arbury Park, and Chilvers Coton. Besides this, minor streams, draining Wigham and Hinckley, in Leicestershire, have entered its east bank. After receiving Griff Brook, the Anker runs through Nuneaton, near which it receives streams from Stockingford, Galley Common, and Ansley Coalfield. It now takes a south-west, sinuous course through Weddington, Caldecote, Mancetter, and Wetherlcy to Fieldon Bridge, near Atherstone, receiving on its left bank streams from Hartshill Hayes and Oldbury ; and, a little above Wetherley, the River Sence enters its right bank. The Sence is entirely a Leicestershire stream, rising near Bardon Hill, in Charnwood Forest, having a course of about twenty-three miles through the flat lands around Charnwood Forest, Gopsall Park, Twycross, Cadeby, and Market Bosworth, and flowing through Sheepy Magna to its confluence with the Anker near Wetherley.

After its confluence with the Sence, the Anker becomes a noticeable stream, and continues its northern course through Grendon and Grendon Park, where it receives a stream rising in Twycross fields. After leaving Grendon Park it turns westerly towards Polesworth. Here the high land forming Hermitage Hill causes the Anker to take an abrupt turn northward past Alvecote Mill, when it again becomes westerly and north-westerly under Shuttington Bridge and past Bole Hall to its confluence with the Tame at Ladies* Bridge, Tam worth, receiving in its course Merivale Brook and waters from Bentley Park and Baddesley Ensor, and on its right bank feeders from Warton, Austrey, and Seckington. The course of this river from its source to its mouth is about twenty-five miles. It is everywhere a pretty stream, and for a considerable distance very brook-like in character, limpid and rapid, and flowing by banks well clothed with the wild flowers that usually haunt these places. The district as a whole is generally flat, but on the west side, about Hartsnill and Oldbury, the country becomes elevated, the highest point being Oldbury Fort, where we have an elevation of 558ft. above sea level. Again at Hermitage Hill are other elevations, and on the east side at Austrey and Seckington we have elevated country.

The principal elevations are Oldbury Camp, 558ft. ; Oldbury Reservoir, 458ft. ; Hartshill Castle, 449ft. ; Ironstone Wood, 548ft. ; Ansley Hall Colliery, 549ft. ; Caldecote Windmill, 470ft. ; Seckington, highest point, 316ft. ; Austrey, 288ft. ; Austrey, near windmill, 376ft. ; Newton Regis, 275ft. ; Wolvey, 371ft. ; Smock- ington Lane, near Wolvey, 422ft. The Anker takes its rise near Germany House, Wolvey, where the elevation is 384 ^ft. ; at Wolvers Mill the elevation is 349ft. ; Anker Bridge. 315ft. ; Shuttington Bridge, 203ft. ; confluence with Tame, near Ladies* Bridge, Tam worth, I Soft.

The recorded flora of the Anker basin is 732 flowering plants and ferns, the more noteworthy being :—

Myosurus minimus; Ranunculus penicillatus ; Berberis vulgaris ; Cardamine impatiens ; Viola palustris ; V. Rfeichenbachiana ; Stellaria aquatica ; Tilia cordata ; Euonymus europseus ; Ornithopus perpusillus ; Vicia sylvatica ; V. lathyroides; Potentilla procumbens ; Rubus mucronulatus ; R. Bloxami ; R. montanus ; R. foliosus ; R. Bellardii ; Rosa andegavensis ; R. decipiens ; R. Reuteri ; R. Watsoni ; R. bibracteata ; CEnanthe fluviatilis ; Cotyledon Umbilicus ; Gnaphalium sylvaiicum ; Serratula tinctoria ; Campanula lati- folia ; Wahlenbergia hederacea ; Hypopithys muUiflora ; Veronica polita ; Orobanche elatior ; Rumex acutus ; Salix pentandra; S. rubra; Spar- ganium neglectum ; Neottia Nidus-avis ; Alisma ranunculoides; Potamogeton pusillus ; Friiillaria Meleagris ; Nardus stricta ; Ceterach ofiicinarum ; Lastrea Oreopteris ; Equisetum maximum ; Chara Hedwigii.

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BOTANICAL DISTRICTS. XXUl.

4.— Avon Basin.

The River Avon rises in Northamptonshire, in a group of springs between Naseby and Welford, and after a course of about nine miles enters Warwickshire at Dove* Bridge, a little north of Clifton. Flowing west to Rugby it receives right and left small feeders from Church Over and Hill Morton, and near Rugby Mill the small River Swift. The Swift rises in Leicestershire, some little distance east of Lutterworth, and has a course of about three miles in Warwickshire. From Rugby the course of the Avon is west for about nine miles, the inequality of the country causing it to take wide curves, flowing past Newbold-on-Avon, Church Lawford, Bretford, Wolston, and Ryton-on-Dunsmore, near this place approach- ing within a mile of the bed of the Sow, and receiving in its course feeders from the high land south of Brinklow, Lawford Heath, and Bourton Heath. From this point its course becomes south-west, and, flowing nearly parallel with the Sow for about three miles, it joins that river at Stoneleigh, and being the principal stream takes the course of the smaller tributary. It now becomes a stream of greater magnitude, and taking its course by Ashow, passes on through the grounds at Guy*s Cliff, to which it lends a great enchantment.

A little further on at Emscote it receives its important tributary the Leam, which comes eastward, and, passing close to the walls of Warwick's stately pile, runs through Warwick Park. Here it is joined by the Tachbrook, a stream rising near Itchington Holt, and bringing waters from the high land about Chesterton, Oakley, and Tachbrook, and entering the Avon on its left bank. From Warwick Park the Avon flows on near Barford to Sherborne, where it receives waters from Norton Lindsay, Wolverton, and the high lands around Sherborne. Its course is still south-west through Wasperton, and Hampton Lucy. Near here it receives on its left bank Thelesford Brook, a stream rising near Lighthorne, and draining Moreton Morrell, Newbold Pacey, Ashorne Hill, and Wasperton. In its graceful course through Charlecote it receives an important feeder from the south, the River Dene, a pretty brook-like stream, formed by a confluence of streams from North End, Radway, the north side of Tysoe Hill, and Pillerton Hercy. These unite near Walton Wood, and the main stream runs north through Walton Village, by Bath Hill, and through Wellesbourne Hastings to its confluence with the Avon in Charlecote Park. After leaving Charlecote the Avon flows west through deep banks at Alveston to Stratford -on- Avon, passing the church on its south-east side. A little below Stratford it receives from the south the River Stour, and passing Binton Bridges and Bidford receives from the north the swift flowing Arrow near Salford Priors. Near this village it receives two small streams draining Bevington and Salford, and about a mile further on leaves the county. After leaving Warwickshire it flows into Worcestershire through Evesham and Pershore, and runs into the Severn near Tewkesbury, having a course of about eighty-five miles. Its whole course through Warwickshire is about fifty miles, but, owing to the widely sinuous course of the river, the country through which it travels is only about forty miles if measured in a straight line. The area drained by this river and its tributaries is very great, including nearly the whole of South Warwickshire and some portion of the northern division. The valley of the Avon proper is beautifully undulating and well wooded, watered by many minor streams, with very varied soils, and usually highly cultivated. The greatest elevation in this basin is at Knowle End, Edge Hill, where we have an elevation of 76o*6ft. above sea level; Burton Dasset Hill, highest point, 710ft, About Rugby the country generally is elevated, the highest point being near Dunchurch 518ft., Hill Morton 403ft.

The Avon at Brownsover is 286ft., near Clopton Bridge, Stratford-on-Avon, 1 1 oft., at Bidford Bridge 88ft., at the point where it leaves the county about 80ft.

The Avon basin proper occupies the greatest area of any Warwickshire river, and its flora is not only very varied but also extensive. I have records of about 1,038 flowering plants and ferns, the bog and heath plants being remarkable by their absence. The more noteworthy plants are as follows, those belonging to the River Dene being included : —

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ItXlVi BOTANICAL DISTRICTS.

Myos'urus minimus ; Ranunculus trichophyllus ; R. Sardous ; R. parvi- florus ; Aquilegia vulgaris ; Papaver stiigosum ; P. Lecoqii ; Fumaria confusa ; Cheiranthus Cheiri ; Barbarea arcuata ; B. intennedia ; Arabis perfoliata ; Sisymbrium Sophia ; Erysimum cheiranthoides ; Diplotaxis muralis ; Helian- themum Chamsecistus ; Viola permixta ; Dianthus Armeria ; Cerastium arvense ; Stellaria palustris ; Hypericum Androssemum ; Geranium pusillum ; *£rodium moschatum ; Rhamnus catharticus ; Medicago arabica ; Trifolium subterraneum ; T. scabnmi ; T. filiforme ; Astragalus glycyphyllos ; Ono- brychis sativa ; Potentilla argentea ; Rubus flexuosus ; Rosa systyla ; R. gallicoides ; Geum intermedium ; Cotyledon Umbilicus ; Sedum Telephium ; Bupleurum rotundifolium ; Carum segetum ; (Enanthe Phellandrium ; CE. fluviatilis ; Caucalis daucoides ; Valeriana Mikanii ; Valerianella Auricula ; Picris hieracioides ; P. echioides ; Crepis biennis ; Taraxacum udum ; Cam- panula glomerata ; Erythraea pulchella ; Cynoglossum montanum ; Solanum nigrum ; Mentha cardiaca ; Salix Helix ; Spiranthes autumnalis ; Crocus nudiflorus ; Potamogeton decipiens ; Avena strigosa ; Nitella flexilis.

5. — Lbam Basin.

The River Leam rises on the northern slopes of Marston Hill, just within the borders of Warwickshire, and within a short distance of the sources of the Rivers Nen and CherwelU Passing into Northamptonshire, its course is at first north, forming the boundary line of the two counties for some two or three miles, and, re-entering Warwickshire a little north of Wolfharacote, it takes a north-west course through Grandborough ; about a mile and a half below this village it receives on its ri^ht bank the Rainsbrook, a small stream rising in Northamptonshire about two miles east of Hill Morton, and entering Warwickshire about a mile south-east of Dunchurch ; from this point the Leam takes a west course, near Leamington Hastings and Birdingburjr to Marton, where it is joined on its left bank by the Itchen ; and receiving on its right and left banks waters from Bourton, Thurlaston, Frankton, and Leamington Hastings and the surrounding district. From Marton It takes a widely sinuous course south-west, through Wappenbury, Honingham, and Offchurch to Radford Semele. receiving on its way waters from Weston, Cub- bington, and Whitnash Fields. From this point its course becomes west, through Leamington Priors, to its confluence with the Avon near Emscote Mill. The total length of its course in the county is about twenty-five miles ; a straight line across the country traversed would be about sixteen miles. The principal rocks of this basin are those of the Lias Marls and Clays, but about Offchurch and Leam- ington Keuper Marls predominate.

The Itchen rises on the west slopes of the Marton Hill, near Priors Hardwick, its source being a small spring about 459ft. above sea level. It takes a west course for about six miles, where it receives on its right bank Ham Brook, a small stream bringing waters from the high land about Wormleighton, Fenny Compton, and Burton Hills. After receiving Ham Brook the course of the Itchen becomes northerly, through Bishop's Itchington, near Southam, and through Long Itching- ton to its junction with the Leam near Marton, receiving on its way, right and left, waters from Itchington Holt, Marston Doles, Shuckburgh, Napton-on-tne-Hill, Southam, and Harbury Heath. Its course from source to mouth is about sixteen miles, and the soils it drains are those of the Upper and Lower Lias. It is little more than a brook in anv part of its course, and having a somewhat gentle current it is usually beautifully weed-grown.

Whilst a great portion of the Leam and Itchen basin is over 400ft., there are no great elevations, the high land above Avon Dassett (where the Ham Brook rises) being the highest point, 668ft., Fenny Compton 411ft., Napton-on-the-Hill 507ft., Shuckburgh, highest point, 565ft. Near the source of the Itchen, Priors Hardwick, the highest i)oint, is 480ft. The Leam enters the county near Wolf- hamcote, 296ft.; and at its junction with Rainsbrook it is about 251 ft. ; at Thur- laston Bridge 239ft.

The flora of the district is peculiar for the absence or rarity of heathland and marsh plants ; a few, however, are found about Harbury and Bascote Heaths, The total recorded flora is about 744 flowering plants and ferns, of which the following are the more special : —

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BOTANICAL DISTRICTS. XXV.

Diplotaxis Babingtonii ; Melilotus officinalis ; Trifolium fragiferum ; Lotus tenuis; Lathyrus sylvestris; Pcunus Cerasus; Spirea Filipendula; Rubus hystrix ; R. tenuis; Geum intermedium ; Rosa arvatica ; R. subcristata ; Pyrus Achras; P. mitis; Hippuris vulgaris; Myriophyllum verticillatum ; Callitriche obtusangula ; Caucalis nodosa ; Galium Bakeri ; Eiigeron acre ; Cnicus acaulis ; Linaria viscida ; Viscum album ; Salix triandra ; Orchis pyramidalis ; Ophrys. apifera; Galanthus nivalis; Scirpus Tabernsemontani ; S. maritimus; Carex acuta ; C. distans ; C. laevigata ; Setaria viridis ; Calams^ostis lanceo- lata ; Polystichum angulare ; Chara longibracteata ; C. papillata.

6.— Sow Basin.

The Sow rises on the high land around Astley, flowing south-east through Bed- worth woodlands, where it receives on its left bank a stream carrying part of the overflow of the waters from Arbury. Here its course becomes south through Exhall, where it is joined by Breach Brook, a stream draining part of Fillongley and Corley ; still pursuing its southward course through Longford and Foleshill, it is fed on its right bank by waters from Whitmore Park and its neighbourhood and on its left bank by March Brook, a stream draining Hawkesbury. After this its course becomes west for some few miles through Wyken, Sow, and Binley, receiving on its left bank streams draining Monk's Kirby, Hopsford, Withybrook, Shilton, Ansty, Combe Pastures, Combe Woods, Newboid Revel, Stretton-under- Foss, and part of Brinklow. From Binley it takes a widely sinuous course south- west through Willenhall and Baginton to its confluence with the Avon near Stone- leigh, receiving near Baginton the Sherborne, a stream draining AUesley, Holly- berry End, and Extern Green, and near Finham Green a stream draining West- wood Heath, Tile Hill, Stivichall, and Kenilworth.

The highest point in this basin is near Corley Church, where we have an eleva- tion of 625ft., all the country about Corley being elevated ; St. Mary*s Church, 589ft. ; Wall Hill Farm, 505ft; Keresiey, 439ft., falling at Coventry to 304ft. On the east side at Cioudsley Bush we have 436ft. ; Monk's Kirby, 349ft. , falling to 277ft. at Hill Green, near Foleshill.

This district has not been exhaustively worked, the present record being 850 flowerii^ plants and ferns, the following being some of the more rare : —

Ranunculus Drouetti ; R. radians ; Arabis perfoliata ; Lepidium ruderale ; Silene anglica ; Stellaria umbrosa ; Geranium pyrenaicum ; Rubus Colemani ; R. calvatus ; R. thyrsiflorus ; Geum rivale ; Agrimonia odorata ; Rosa Doniana ; R. surculosa ; R. ceesia ; Pyrus Aria ; Epilobium obscurum ; Anthriscus vulgaris ; Solidago Virgaurea ; Jasione montana ; Centunculus minimus ; Cynoglossum montanum ; Limosella aquatica ; Utricularia vulgaris ; Mentha pulegium; Lamium hybridum; Sparganium minimum; Potamogeton Friesii ; Carex axillaris ; C. stricta ; Eqirisetum sylvaticum ; Chara contraria ; C. crassicaulis.

7.— Stour Basin.

The Stour rises at Stour Well, near Tadmarton Camp, in Oxfordshire, and enters Warwickshire at Traitor's Ford, about three miles west of its source. From this point it takes a westerly course for about five miles, through Stourton and Cherrington to Mitford Bridge, receiving from the north streams rising in the high land about Compton Wynyates, Brailes, and Sutton, and from the south, waters from Whichford, and a stream rising in the high land by RoUright Stones, and running through Long Compton, near Burton-on-the-Heath, Great and Little Wolford, and the surrounding country. After passing Mitford Bridge its course becomes abruptly north for about nine miles through Burmington, Barcheston, Shipston-on-Stour, and Halford to Upthorp Mill, forming the county boundary for many miles, and receiving waters on both east and west banks, such as Knee Brook, a stream draining a large district west and south west, and Pig Brook, which rises near Stretton-on-Fosse. On its east bank it is also fed by a stream rising on the northern slopes of Brailes Hill ; and near Tredington it receives a

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XXVI. BOTANICAL DISTRICTS.

Stream rising on the northern slopes of the high land about Compton Wynyates and Tysoe Fields, and running through Oxhill and Whatcote. From Upthorpe the Stour takes a sinuous course west and north-west through Crimscote, White- house, Preston-on-Stour, Atherstone-on-Stour, and Clifford Chambers to its con- fluence with the Avon near Upper Milecote, receiving in its course a stream draining the northern slopes of Ilmington Hill, and running through Wimpstone Fields and Wimpstone.

Although the Stour is for a considerable portion of its course an insignificant stream, the country through which it runs is peculiar for its alternation of hill and dale, Bright Hill, Brailes Hill, and Ilmington Hill being among the more lofty of the Warwickshire hills, and commanding fine, picturesque, and far-reaching views over the surrounding country.

The highest point in the Stour basin is Ebrington Hill, where an elevation of 855ft. is attained. This forms a part of the western boundary. On Bright Hill, which forms its south boundary, 737ft. is attained, falling at Long Compton to 340ft. Northward, at Compton Wynyates, the highest point is 61 ift. ; Brailes Hill, about 700ft. Eastward, on the high road forming the Oxfordshire boundary, the highest point is 705ft. From all these points the country falls to a flat valley, which at Halford is only about 200ft. above sea-level ; Whitchurch, 133ft. ; and at the confluence of the Rivers Stour and Avon, 133ft. The course of the Stour is about twenty miles, and its fall is from 420ft. at Traitor's Ford to 120ft. at its con- fluence with the Avon.

This district is well wooded, and contains here and there remains of what have in former times been somewhat extensive heathlands ; and, although not exhaust- ively worked, it has yielded a flora of 703 species of flowering plants and ferns, of which the following are the more noteworthy : —

Clematis Vitalba ; Ranunculus trichophyllus ; Reseda Luteola ; Viola hirta ; Polygala oxyptera ; Dianthus Armeria ; Stellaria umbrosa ; Euonymus europseus ; Trifolium flliforme ; Vicia gracilis ; Rubus pubescens ; R. deltoideus ; Rosa inodora ; R. andegavensis ; Myriophyllum alterniflorum : Epilobium tetragonum; Apium graveolens ; CEnanthe Lachenalii; Galium tricprne; Carlina vulgaris ; Arctium nemorosum ; Lysimachia vulgaris ; Samolus Valerandi ; Gentiana Amarella : Myosotis coUina ; Cuscuta europsea ; Verbena ofHcinalis ; Rumex pulcher ; Salix amygdalina ; Orchis incarnata ; Allium oleraceum ; Juncus compressus ; Alisma ranunculoides ; Potamogeton flabel- latus ; Koeleria cristata ; Bromus erectus ; B. velutinus ; Nardus stricta ; Tolypella glomerata ; and several very rare mosses.

8.— The Alne Basin.

The River Alne is formed by tA^o principal feeders. The main stream rises near Aspley Heath, and takes a westerly course near Tanworth, by Tanworth Mill, under the bridge by the Bird-in-Hand, through Henley-in-Arden and Beau- desert, to the grounds of Wootton Hall, where it is joined by the second principal feeder. This stream rises near Wroxall Abbey, about seven miles north-east of Wootton Hall, and runs through Tadpole Green, Rowington, Lowson Ford, Preston Bagot, and by Crab Mill to its confluence with the main stream ; receiving on its right bank a stream rising near Chalcot Wood, and flowing through Lapworth and near Lapworth Hall, to its confluence with this stream near Yarningale Common.

The united stream takes a course south and south-west near Wootton Wawen, Aston Cantlow, Great Alne, and Kinwarton, to its confluence with the Arrow at Alcester, receiving on its left bank a stream draining the country around Shrewley, Pinley, Claverdon, Langley, and Bearley, and joining the Alne near Little Alne. The course of this river from its source is about seventeen miles, but it drains a large extent of country, usually flat, but having slight elevations near Tanworth and Henley-in-Arden. The north-west portion of the district is an elevated plateau forming the water partings of the Alne and Blythe, the greatest eleva- tion being at Tanworth, 514ft. above sea level; main drive to Umberslade Park

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BOTANICAL DISTRICTS. XXVll.

500ft. ; on the north-eastern side of the district, near Rowington, the greatest elevation is 420ft.; Church Farm, Wolverton, is 430ft. The principal feeder rises on elevated land near Tanworth, at an elevation of 500ft. Tne second stream rises near Baddesley Clinton, at an elevation of 351ft.; this at Crab Mill has fallen to 241ft., and the united streams join the Arrow near Oversley Bridge, at about 120ft. The flora of this district is 818 flowering plants and ferns ; the more local are as follows : —

Ranunculus pseudo-fluitans ; R. Godronii ; R. Lingua ; Astragalus glycy- phyllos ; Lathyrus Aphaca ; Rubus rhamnifolius ; R. emersistylus ; R. flexu- osus ; Rosa scabriuscula ; R. hystrix ; Pyrus torminalis ; Pimpinella major ; Caucalis daucoides ; C. nodosa ; Sambucus Ebulus ; Aspcrula cynanchica ; Valerianella Auricula; Inula Conyza; Arctium intermedium; Campanula glomerata; Salvia verbenaca; Rumex acutus; Salix decipiens; S. Wool- gariana ; S. Forsteriana ; Ophrys apifera ; Colchicum officinale ; Potamo- geton densus ; Gastridium lendigerum ; Avena pratensis ; Cetarach offici- narum ; Polystichum aculeatum ; P. angulare ; Chara Hedwigii.

9.— Arrow Basin.

The Arrow rises in Worcestershire in a valley to the north-east of Alvechurch. It enters Warwickshire on its western border near Beoley Lane, having a little before received on its right bank a small stream draining the outlying portion of Warwickshire lying west of Redditch. Its course is at first south-west through Ipsley and Washford, receiving on its left bank streams from the high lands about Ipsley and Mappleborough Green. Its course now becomes south through Studley, Spernall, and Coughton to Oversley Bridge, receiving on its way streams coming from east and west, and draining the land about Morton Bagot, Crabbs Cross, and Sambourn. After its confluence with the Alne at Alcester, it takes a short turn eastward through the pretty village of Arrow, but rapidly recovering its southern course it flows through Wixford and Broom to its confluence with the Avon near Salford Bridge, receiving on either bank waters from Exhall and Bevington. Its whole course is about twenty miles, sixteen of which are in War- wickshire. The valley it waters is narrow, hilly, and well wooded, the pre- vailing soils being those of the New Red Sandstones and Marls, but in its more southern portion those of the Lias prevail.

The valley of the Arrow is low and flat, rarely attaining an elevation 01 more than 200ft., usually below that. In the Warwickshire portion, on the east and west sides, the country rises somewhat abruptly. The western side is bounded by an elevated plateau, called the Ridgeway, which has an elevation of from 372ft. to 408ft. On its north-west side Gorgot Hill, 542ft., is the highest point. A little south of this is Spernall Park, a somewhat lofty wood about 400ft., and the Alne Hills about 400ft. ; whilst still further south is Oversley Hill, about 300ft. Weatheroak Hill, which forms part of its north-east boundary, is in Worcestershire. This, at its highest point, is 612ft. The principal feeder forming the Arrow runs through Birtel Reservoir, near Alvechurch. Here we have an elevation of 507ft. From this the stream falls rapidly, so that at Ipsley, near where it enters the county, it is 245ft. ; at Spernall, 170ft. ; Oversley Bridge, 120ft.; Wixford, iioft. ; Broome, 97ft.; and at its confluence with the Avon, 86ft.

The total recorded flora is 738 flowering plants, ferns, and fern allies, of which the following are the more noticeable : —

Ranunculus parviflorus ; Helleborus viridis ; H. foetid us ; Sisymbrium Sophia ; Silene noctiflora ; Hypericum hirsutum ; Tilia cordata ; Onobrychis sativa ; Lathyrus Nissolia ; Rubus mucronatus ; R. scabrosus ; Potentilla pro- cumbens ; Rosa spinosissima ; R. Sabini ; R. mollis ; R. micrantha ; R. sub- cristata ; Pyrus Aria ; P. communis ; Apium repens ; Anthriscus vulgaris ; Galium uliginosum ; Anthemis arvensis ; Carlina vulgaris ; Blackstonia perfoliata ; Linaria Elatine ; L. spuria ; Euphorbia amygdaloides ; Cepha-

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XXVlll. BOTANICAL DISTRICTS*

lanthera ensifolia ; Habenaria conopsea ; H. chloroleuca ; Iris foetidissima ; Juncus obtusifolia ; Luzula maxima ; Lemna gibba ; Scirpus sylvaticus ; Carex juncella ; C fulva ; C. paludosa ; Poa compressa ; Polystichum loba- tum ; Ophioglossum vulgatum ; Nitella flexilis.

lo.— Cherwell Basin.

The Cherwell district embraces that portion of Warwickshire l)ang south-west of Wormleighton, Fenny Compton, and Burton Dassett, and a narrow tongue of land north-east of Wormleighton, and includes a part of Priors Marston, Worm- leighton, part of Fenny Compton, Avon Dassett, part of the southern escarpment of the Edge Hill, Warmington, and Shotswell. This district, is drained by small tributaries to the Cherwell.

The whole district is comparatively elevated ; north of Wormleighton the greatest elevation is at Priors Marston 626ft. ; in the road by the quarry above Avon Dassett we have 668ft., on the Edge Hill, near Knowle End, 766ft., Worm- leighton 514ft., and Farnborough 570ft. at its highest point.

The flora is comparatively poor. I have only been able to record 516 species of flowering plants and ferns after several visits. Of these the following are the more noteworthy : —

Ranunculus circinatus ; Papaver Lecoqii ; Helianthemum Chamsecistus ; Viola Reichenbachiana ; Rnamnus catharticus ; Trifolium fragiferum ; Anthyllis vulneraria; Prunus Cerasus ; Spiraea Fiiipendula;Rubus fasciculatus ; Poterium Sanguisorba ; Rosa dumetorum ; R. implexa ; Hippuris vulgaris ; Callitriche obtusangula ; Epilobium roseum ; Apium nodiflorum ; Sison Amomum ; Peucedanum sativum ; Galium erectum ; Valerianeila dentata ; Scabiosa Columbaria ; Carduus acanthoides ; Cnicus eriophorus ; Centaurea Scabiosa ; Crepis biennis ; Campanula latifolia ; Thymus Chamsedrys ; Stachys ambigua ; Galeopsis Ladanum ; Chenopodium Bonus- Henricus ; Ulmus major ; U. nitida ; Salix pentandra ; Ceratophyllum demersum; Cephalanthera pallens; Typha angustifolia ; Acorus Calamus ; Potamogeton Friesii ; Carex paludosa ; C. rostrata ; Poa compressa ; Festuca myurus ; F. fallax; Asplenium Ruta-muraria ; A. Adiantum-nigrum ; Equisetum maximum.

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PLAN OF THE FLORA. XXIX.

PLAN OF THE FLORA.

In the following pages the Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Fern Allies of War- wickshire are systematically treated. The nomenclature and arrangement are, with a few exceptions, those of '*The London Catalogue of British Plants," 8th edition. When the name adopted in this Flora differs from that given by the various authorities quoted, such as Ray, Withering, Perry, *' Topographical Botany,*' Purton's ** Midland Flora," or Syme*s Edition of Sowerby*s *' English Botany," the names used by these authorities are given as synonyms, and printed in italics.

The Natural Orders and Genera are printed in Roman capitals. The Latin names of the Species are printed in Clarendon type, followed by an abbreviation of the name of the botanist (in italics) who first so named the species (^.^., Clematis Vitalba, Linn.^ Linnaeus being the first known authority for the scientific name of this plant). English names are given for the species, and, when known, the local or county names are also given ; these are printed in italics. The really local names are very few.

In the next paragraph will be found a reference to Mr. Hewett C. Watson's *• Topographical Botany" (for the sake of space abbreviated to Top. Bot.) whenever the plant in question is either directly or indirectly recorded for Warwickshire in that work ; to Purton's •* Midland Floia" (abbreviated to Purt.) when it gives a Warwickshire locality, or when it is recorded as common, and has been seen by myself near Alcester, where Purton lived ; and to Syme's edition of Sowerby's ''English Botany "(abbreviated to Syme E. B.), giving the page on which the plant is described and the number of the plate illustrating it.

The succeeding paragraph states— First, the grade of citizenship of the plant as given by Hewett C. Watson in his ** Compendium of the Cybele Britannica," such as "native," "denizen," "colonist," Ac. (these terms are explained at page 467) ; and, Second, the habitat or usual place of growth of the plant, such as "woods," "waysides," "hedges," <fcc. This is followed by a general statement as to its comparative frequency, such as ** common," *♦ frequent,' ** locally common," " locally abundant," •* rather local," •• local," "very local," "rather rare," " rare," " very rare." It must be understood that the significance of these terms cannot be strictly defined or accurately applied. "Abundant" or •* plentiful" are local terms, and do not refer to general distribution. A "very rare " plant may be abundant in one or two localities, of which Carex Ehrhartiana is an instance. It is described in the Flora as " very rare," and only occurs in one locality, but it is "abundant" in that locality. These terms, however, apply to the relative frequency of the plant in Warwickshire only, and not to Britain as a whole. The next point dealt with is the duration of a plant ; that is to say, whether it is an "annual," a "biennial," "shrub," &c., and is indicated as follows: — A. for annual, B. for biennial, P. for perennial, S. for shrub, T. for tree. Lastly, the months in which a plant is usually found in full flower are stated. This mformation, it must be remembered, is also of local significance only.

The next paragraph gives the first record of the plant known to tne writer. This record may be a printed one, or a written one, published or unpublished ; it may be that of a dried specimen seen, or of one contained in a public or private herbarium, or it may be only a MS. entry in a book, &c. But the writer disclaims any idea of speaking authoritatively on this point, for, as will be readily seen, earlier records may exist of which he has no knowledge.

The account of the distribution of a plant through the various districts into which the county has been divided in the Flora then follows in proper sequence. This is fully given, except in the case of plants which are very common. The county of Warwick, for the purpose of this Flora, is divided into ten districts, which are based on the river drainage, and a full account of them is given at pages xix. to xxviii. They are briefly as under : — I, Tame ; 2, Blythe ; 3, Anker ; 4t Avon ; 5, Leam ; 6, Sow ; 7, Stour ; 8, Alne ; 9, Arrow ; 10, Cherwell. Some of the localities cited, however, are on the water-partings, such as Honiley, Berkswell, &c, hence these places may appear in two basins, in more instances than one.

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XXX. SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS.

SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED.

The writer is accountable for all records from those districts not followed by an authoritative name, printed in italics, and has, in every instance, seen the plant growing in the locality given. When the writer has seen the plant growing in the locality or localities recorded, followed by an authoritative name, this fact is signified by a note of admiration ( !) after the locality (e.g. , Thalictrum flavum, 4, Avon, Bidford ! Purt. i. 267) ; and when he has only had or seen a specimen from the locality, collected by the authority given, such fact is signified by a note of admiration (!) after the authority's name {e.g.^ Thalictrum flavum, I, Tame, near Middleton, J. B. Stone /). An asterisk (*) prefixed to the Latin name of a plant indicates that the plant, in the writer's opinion, has been introduced possibly recently, and the terms ''denizen " or ** alien" are used to accentuate this opinion. Casuals are in all cases (except as stated below) printed in italics^ and, with the record following their names, placed between brackets [ ]. The excep- tions are one or two isolated cases, where the plants, though termed by the writer casuals, being natives of Britain, have been printed in Clarendon type. Two asterisks (**) prefixed to the Latin name of a plant, indicate in all cases, whether so stated or not, that, in the opinion of the writer, such plants are merely casual plants in this county.

When the name of an authority is placed in parentheses, after a varietal name, such signs indicate that though the plant is here given as a variety, it was con- sidered to be a distinct species by the authority whose name is placed in parentheses; as for instance page 75, Rubus leucostachys var. conspicuus (P. J. MiilL). This is here treated as a variety, but was considered to be a distinct species by P. J. Muller.

Following the account of the distribution of the Flowering Plants and Ferns, is a record of the Mosses, Hepatics, and Liverworts known to exist in the county. This study has occupied my attention since the year 1867. In this portion of the Flora the county is divided into three districts only, the Tame, Avon, and Cherwell, the records not being sufficiently full to require greater sub-division of the area. This is succeeded by a list of the Lichens, compiled chiefly from Leighton's ** Lichen Flora of Great Britain." For these plants I have not had the leisure requisite for a fuller record.

Following next is an account of the Fungus Flora (Hjmienomycetes and Gastro- mycetes) of Warwickshire, by W. B. Grove, M.A., and myself. In this record the county is given as a whole, so little of it having been systematically worked ; the records belong mainly to districts i, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9.

A summary of the Flora, with a tabulated account of the distribution of the Flowering Plants and Ferns, and a list showing their comparative occurrence in the counties of Warwick, Leicester, Northampton, and Oxford follows next. The volume concludes with a History of the Progress of Botany in the county of War- wick. In this I have endeavoured to give a biographical sketch of the various workers who have from time to time helped to forward our knowledge of the Warwickshire Flora, with a list of the plants they first recorded. This portion of the work is, I know too well, faulty and incomplete, the material from which these memoirs were compiled being too scanty to allow of fuller treatment.

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LIST OF BOOKS, ETC. XXXI.

LIST OF BOOKS, MSS., HERBARIA, &c.,

CONSULTED AND QUOTED IN TUt FLORA.

The names printed in tfaitcs in the following list, whether in full or curtailed, are those quoted in the body of the Flora.

Aylgsford.-^Countess of Aylesford, Botanist's Guide, 1805.

Bad. J/fl«.— Manual of British Botany. C. Cardale Babington, M.A., F.R.S.

Ed. V. to viii. Bad. Brit. Rubi.—The^ British Rubi. C. C. Babington, London, 1869. Baker. — Monograph of British Roses. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., Journal of Linnean

Society, Vol. 11, Dr. Baker. — Specimens and notes from Robert Baker, M.D., Leamington. Baxter. — British Fhaenogamous Botany. W. Baxter, A. L.S., Oxford. Six vols.,

1834-43- Baxter ^ MS. — Notes from herbarium specimens, &c., of late W. Baxter. (Kindly

copied for me by Mr. G. C. Druce, M.A.) Baynesy MS. — Manuscript notes from Mr. W. W. Baynes, in an interleaved copy of

Perry's ** Plantse Varvicenses Selectse," in my possession. ^^r/&.— Outlines of British Fungology, by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M.A., r.L.S.,

i860. Bhx. — Rev. Andrew Bloxam, M.A. Notes in Phytolc^ist. Blox,, MS.y and Blox. in Lit. — Manuscript notes in Mr. Bloxam'scopy of Purton's

Midland Flora, in my possession ; also in correspondence. Bolton King. — Manuscript notes and specimens, Bolton King, Esq. Bot. Exch. Club A'^f/.— Botanical Exchange Club Reports, 1870 to 1889. Bot. Rec. Club iV/r>.— Botanical Record Club Reports. Bot. Guide. — The Botanist's Guide through England and Wales. Dawson Turner

and L. W. Dillwyn. London, 1805. Braithwaite.—1\i^ British Moss Flora, by R. Braithwaite, M.D , F.L.S. Parts I.

to XIL Braithwaite. — The Sphagnacese or Peat Mosses of Europe and North America, by

R. Braithwaite, M.D., F.L.S., 1880. BrUy Mag. Nat. Hist. — Notes by the Rev. W. T. Bree, M.A., in Magazine of

Natural History, 9 vols., 1828 to 1836. Bru in Purt.—^. T. Bree, localities given in Purton's Midland Flora, 1817-1820. Bree.N. B. 6^.— Notes to New Botanist's Guide, 1835-7. Bree^ /%y/.— Notes by Rev. W. T. Bree in Phytologist, conducted by G. Luxford.

June, 1841, to June, 1854. ^/7^^j.~Flora of Plymouth. T. R. Archer Briggs, F.L.S., 1880. Brom. — Manuscript notes from Henry Bromwich, of Milverton, Warwickshire. Bry. Brit. — Bryologia Britannica, a new (3rd) Edition. By William Wilson, 1855. Cameron^ Phyt. — Notes in Phytologist. Vol. I, 555. By David Cameron. Cheshire. — Specimens collected by Wm. Cheshire, now in Herb. Perry, Warwick

Museum. Comp. Cyb. — Compendium of Cybele Britannica. London, 1870. Cooke. — Handbook of British Fungi. Two vols., 1871. M. C. Cooke, M.A. Cooke. — Grevillea, a Record of Cryptogamic Botany and its Literature. Edited

by M. C. Cooke, M.A. 19 vols., 1872-1890. Ow^^.— Illustrations of British Fungi. Vols, i to 7. Cyb. Brit.—CyhQle Britannica. Hewett Cotterill Watson. Four vols., 1847

1859. Cyb. Hth. — Cybele Hibernica. By David Moore and A. G. Moore, 1866. De Candolle. — Origin of Cultivated Plants, by Alphonse De Candolle. Dill.—V.2Ly's Synopsis. Ed. iii. (J. Dillenius).

Dill. Hist. Muse. — Historia Muscorum. Joan. Jacobi Dilleno, Oxon., 1741. Du Mortier.^Hepaiticx Europge. Auctore Barth. Car. Du Mortier, 1874.

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XXXll. LIST OF BOOKS, ETC.

E. B, — English Botany. J. Sowerby, with text and coloured plates. Ed. iii.

Edited by J. T. B. Syme, M.D., 1863-1886. 12 volumes. Flor, Hamp.—Yloid. of Hampshire. By Frederick Townsend, M.A., F.L.S., 1883. Flor, Hereford, — A Flora of Herefordshire, edited by William Henry Purchas and

Augustin Ley, 1889. Flora of Leicestershire, — Flora of Leicestershire, issued by the Leicester Literary

and Philosophical Society, 1886. Flor. Oxon,—Y\ot?i of Oxfordshire. By Geo. Claridge Druce, M. A. , F.L.S., 1886. Flor,' Northampton. Flora of Northamptonshire. G. Claridge Druce, F.L^S., in

Proceedings of the Northamptonshire Natural History Society, 1880, in

progress. Flor, Sutton Park. — Notes on Sutton Park, its Flowering PUuits, Ferns, and Mosses,

by James E. Bagnall, 1876. Freeman^ Phyt. — List of some rarer Plants observed in the neighbourhood of Bir- mingham. Samuel Freeman, Phytologist. Vol. I, 261-2. Fries, — Hymenomycetes Europaei, Elias Fries, 1874. Gibs, Catnd. — Gibson's Ekiition of Camden's Britannia, 169^. The plant list by

Ray. Gorle, — Notes by the Rev. James Gorle, Rector of Whatcote. Copied by Rev.

W. W. Newbould. Cough's CVj^///.— Gough's Ed. of Camden's Britannia, 1789. Plant list by Ed.

Forster. Crevillea, — Grevillea, a Record of Cryptogamic Botany. Edited by M. C. Cooke,

M. A.. 1872, et sequent. Grove, — Notes and records by W. B. Grove, M.A, Groves^ H. and J, — A Review of the British Characeae by Henry and James

Groves, 1880. Groves^ H, and J. — Notes on the British Characeae, dates various. Herb. Bab, — The Herbarium of Professor C. C. Babington, Cambridge. Herb. Bor, — The Herbarium of the late William Borrer, at the Royal Herbarium,

Kew. Herb. Brit. Mus, — The Herbarium of British Plants in the British Museum. All my

records from the above herbaria were copied by the late Rev. W. W.

Newbould, M.A. Herb. Per, — The Herbarium of the late W. G. Perry in the Warwick Museum. Herb. Purt. — The Herbarium of the late Thomas Purton in ihe Worcester Museum. Hook, and Arn.— The British Flora by Sir W. J. Hooker and G. A. W. Arnott.

Ix)nd., 1850. Hook. B. Fl.—The British Flora by Sir W. J. Hooker. Lond., 1838. Huds.^FloTB. Anglica. Guiielmus Hudsoni, F.R.S. Lond., 1787- 1798. fck, Anal. — Dr. Ick in Analyst, Vol. 6, 1837. Ick, 1838. — Remarkable Plants observed growing in the vicinity of Birmingham,

by Mr. William Ick. Midland Counties Herald^ August II, 1 838. foru. Ger. — The Herball, by John Gerarde ; very much enlarged by Thomas

Johnson. Lond., 1633. journal of Botany. — Lond., 1863. and in progress.

Kirk^ and Kirk ^ Herb. Per. — Phytologist ii. 969, and specimens in Herb. Perry. Linaley Syn. — Synopsis of the British Flora, by John Lindley, F.R.S. , Ed. iii.

1841. Linn. Soc.Journ. — Journal of Linnean Society, Vol. ii. Lobel. — Ejusdem Adversaria et Observationes. Lend., 1605. Mag. Nat. Hist, — The Magazine of Natural History. Nine vols., 1828- 1836. Midland Naturalist.— 1878, and in progress. Muscologioe Hibernica. — Dawson Turner, A.M., 1804. New Bot. Guide. — The New Botanist's Guide to the localities of the rarer plants

of Britain.— H. C. Watson. Vol. I. 1835, Vol. 2, 1837- Newman. — A History of British Ferns and Allied Plants. Edw. Newman,

F.L.S. N.D.

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LIST OF BOOKS, ETC. XXXUl.

Newman, — List of Ferns, &c., in Phytologist, 1837.

Nym. —Conspectus Florae Europcge. Carlo Frider Nyman, 1878.

Miss Palmer. — A Manuscript List of Plants observed in Warwickshire, by Miss

C. E. Palmer. Paradisus, — Paradisi in Sole. Paradisus Terrestris, by John Parkinson. Lond.,

1629. Parkinson, — Theatrum Botanicum. John Parkinson. Lond.. 1640. /'arn.— The Grasses of Scotland. Richard Parnel, M.D., F.R.S.E. Edin., 1842. Per. PI. or Planta Selectee. — Plantse Varvicenses Selectae, or Botanist's Guide

through the County of Warwick, by W. G. Perry, 1820. Per. List. — A Select List of Plants found in Warwickshire. J. G. Perry, 181 7,

app. to abbreviated Dugdale*s Warwickshire. Phyt. — The Phytologist, conducted by G. Luxford, June, 1 84 1, to July, 1854. Power. — Manuscript Notes in Botanist's Guide by Rev. J. Power, Librarian of

Cambridge University. Prior.— On the Popular Names of British Plants. R. C. A. Prior, M.D. Lond.,

1863. Proc. Birm. Nat. Hist. Soc. — Proceedings of the Birmingham Natural History and

Microscopical Society, 1869-1870. Purt. or Purton. — The Midland Flora. Thomas Purton, Vol. i, 1817, app., 1821. Pay, Cat. — Catalogus Plantanim Anglise, Joannis Rail, Lond., 1670. Pay, ZTw/.— Historia Plantarum, Vol. I, i686 ; Vol. 2, 1688. Ray, Syn. — Synopsis Methodica Stirpium Brit., Ed. ii., 1696; Ed. iii. (J. J.

Diilenius), 1724. Rugby Sch. Rep. — Report of the Rugby School Natural History Society. 1 871 -9a Rugby Sch. Rei>., 1876. — Register of Plants found within ten miles of Rugby,

1876.* Russell, III. — Illustrations of British Fungi, by Mrs. Anna Russell, of Kenilworth,

British Museum. Sinclair. — Hortus Gramineus Woburnensis, by George Sinclair, F,L.S., F.H.S.,

1825. Sm. Eng. Flor.— The English Flora. J. E. Smith, M.D., 1824-1828. Student's Flora.— The Student's Flora of the British Islands. Sir J. D. Hooker.

Edit, iii., 1884. Syme, E. B.—See E. B. Thickens. — Notes in Phytologist, Vol. 3, 223.

Top. j5^/. —Topographical Botanv. H. C. Watson. Two vols., 1873- 1874, Top. Bot.— 2nd Ed. Lond., 1883. Edited by J. G. Baker and Rev. W. W.

Newbould, M.A. Toumef. — ^Joseph Pitton Tournefort. Institutiones Rei Herbariae. Three vols.,

Paris, 1700. ToTvnsend, F. — F. Townsend, M.A., M.P., localities and correspondence. Turner. — The names of Herbes in Greke, &c. Reprint, 1882. Westcott. — The Bishop of Durham. With., or Withering' s Arrangement. — A Botanical Arrangement of British Plants,

by W. Withering, M.D., F.R.S., 2nd Ed., 3 vols. Edited by Dr.

Stokes. 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7ih Ed., 1788 to 1830. K and B. — Catalogue of Plants Collected in Warwickshire in the year 1873, by

the Rev. J. R. Young and Dr. R. Baker.

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XXXIV. CORRESPONDENTS AND PRINCIPAL WORKERS.

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL PERSONS WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED NOTES OR RENDERED OTHER ASSISTANCE IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS FLORA.

Adams, Rev. D. C. O., Ansty. — Notes and localities.

Adcock, Chas., M.R.C.S.— Localities.

Babington, C. C, M.A., F.R.S., Cambridge. — ^Assistance in critical genera.

Badger, A. Bernard, B.A. — Geology of the county,

Badger, E. W., F.R.H.S. — Reading proofs, general revision, and other valuable literary help.

Baker, J. G., F.R.S., Kew. — Assistance in critical genera.

Baker, R. L., M. D., Leamington. — Localities.

Beck, Mrs. S. Coker, Crowell Rectory, Oxon. — Local notes from Sow basin.

Bennett, Arthur, F.L.S.— Critical help.

Bloxam, Rev. A., M.A. — Specimens, localities, and critical assistance.

Brodie, Douglas, Croydon. — Localities, &c.

Bromwich, Henry, Milverton. — Localities, &c.

Caswell, Rev. J., Oscott. — Copious notes for the county.

Christ, Dr., Geneva. — ^Assistance with the genus Rosa.

Cooke, M. C, London. — Critical help with Fungi.

Druce, G. C, F.L.S. — Notes copied from various sources, and specimens.

Grove, W. B., M.A. — Notes from various localities, and most valuable help in correcting proofs and other much valued literary assistance.

Groves, H. and J. — Critical help with Characese, and specimens.

Haeckel, Prof., St. Poelton, Austria. — Critical aid, and specimens of grasses.

Hillhouse. Prof. W. — Localities, and help in correcting proofs, &c.

King, Bolton, M.A. — Notes, specimens, and localities.

Mathews, Donald, of Redditch. — Localities.

Mathews, Wm., M.A., Edgbaston. — Localities.

Newbould, W. W., M.A. — Unwearied kindness and greatest assistance ; with notes from Herbaria, and books beyond my reach.

Newton, T. H. G., M.A. —Meteorology.

Purchas, Rev. W. H., Alstonfield Vicarage. — Specimens and correspondence.

Rogers, Robert. — Notes from Hampton-in-Arden.

Refers, Rev. W. Moyle. — Specimens and notes.

Slatter, J. T. Evesham. — Notes from the Arrow basin.

Stone, J. B., F.L.S. —Notes from the Tame basin.

Tonks, Edmund, B.C.L. — Notes from Knowle district.

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FLORA OF WARWICKSHIRE.

Cl. I. DICOTYLEDONES.

Ord. I. RANUNCULACEiE.

CLEMATIS. Linn,

Clematis Vitalba, Linn. Traveller's Joy,

Top. Bot. I. Purt. i. 265. Syme, E. B. vol. i. p. 2. plate i.

Native ; hedges and thickets in marly calcareous soils. Locally abundant. S.

July to September. First record, Perry, Plantse Selectae, 1 820.

1. Tame. Near Curdworth Bridge, probably planted.

2. Blythe. Junction of roads to Stonebridge and Bannersley.

4. Avon. Hedges on high ground between Norbrook and Norton Lindsay, Per. Fl. p. 46. Whitnash ; Chesterton, Oakley, Brom, Lighthorne, Bolton King. Abbot's Salford, Caswell, Bardon Hill, near Stratford ; Grafton ; Binton.

6. Sow. Allesley, rare. Rev. W. T. Bree, New Bot, Guide, 1835. Sand quarry,

lane from Allesley to Brownshill Green.

7. Stour. Near Oxhill, abundant ; near Halford.

8. Alne. Drayton Bushes.

9. Arrow. Oversley Wood ; lane from Spernall to Studley. 10. Cherwell. Avon Dassett.

THALICTRUM. Linn.

T. flavum, Linn. Common Meadow Rue. Rue Weed,

Top. Bot. 3. Purt. I. 267. Syme, E. B. i. 9. 8.

Native ; wet meadows, river and ditch banks. Rather rare. P. June-July.

First record, Purt. Midland Flora, 1817.

1. Tame. Near Middleton, J. B. Stone ! Abundant by the river near Aston

Church, 1879 ; Hams Hall Park ; Forge Mills ; Minworth ; Hemling- ford Green near Kingsbury.

2. Blythe. Banks of Blythe near Blythe Hall.

3. Anker. Banks of Anker near Mancetter.

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ANEMONE. — MYOSURUS. — RANUNCULUS.

Avon. Banks of Avon at Bidford ! Purt, i. 267. Beside the Avon, Brownsover Fields, Rugby Sch, Rep., 1877. Barford Meadows, Perry List, Gaydon, Bolton King^ Abbot's Salford ! Caswell.

Leam. Banks of Learn between Leamington and Radford, Per, FL 46. River Leam at Offchurch, Brotn, Herb, Bab.

Arrow. The Arrow near Beauchamp Court, Purt. i. 267.

ANEMONE. Linn.

A. nemorOSai Linn, Wood Atiemone, Wind/lower,

Top. Bot. 4. Syme, E. B. i. 12. plate ii. Purt. i. 256.

Native ; woods, hedge banks, meadows. P. Generally distributed. March

to May. First record. Perry List, 1817. Wootton Grange.

In calcareous and marly soils the flowers are often purple.

MYOSURUS. Linn,

M. minimus, Linn, Mouse-tail,

Top. Bot. 5. Purt. i. 167. Syme, E. B. i. 15. 14. Native ; sandy cornfields. Rare. A. May-June. First record, Aylesford, Botanists' Guide, 1805.

2. Blythe. Chelmsley Wood, Aylesford^ Bot. Guide, 634. Extinct now ?

Coleshill, Rev. W. T. Bree, Mag. Nat, Hist. iii. 164.

3. Anker. Atherstone Outwoods, Rev. W, T. Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist, iii. 164.

Cottage garden, Atherstone, J. Power, MS. Note.

4. Avon. Field near Hampton-on-the-Hill, Perry List, 1817. In a field

near the Cro^, between Norton Lindsay and Warwick, Per, Fl. 28. Milverton ; Myton ! Brom. Whitnash ! Y, and B. By the River Avon at Brownsover, Trott. Woodloes; Tach brook ! Budbrook, ^r^w.

8. Alne. Alne Hills, Purt, i. 167.

9. Arrow. At Studley, in a field, Purt. i. 167.

RANUNCULUS. Linn.

R. eircinatUS> Sibth. R, divaricatus, Schrank.

Top. Bot. 8. Syme, E. B. i. 16. 15.

Native ; rivers, streams, pools, and canals. Locally common. P. June to

August. First record. Kirk, Herb. Borrer. About 1850.

1. Tame. Streams and pools, Sutton Park ; Hill Hook near Sutton.

2. Blythe. River Blythe, near Temple Balsall ; Stonebridge ; Earlswood ;

Spring Pools, near Packington ; mill pool and stream near Patrick Bridge, Hampton-in-Arden ; Mercote Pool, Berkswell, with large flowers and elongate peduncles.

3. Anker. Rye Hills, near Tarn worth ; canal neair Burton Hastings ;

canal, Griff Hollows.

4. Avon. Harborough Magna ! Bloxam. Old canal near Rugby ! Trott,

Chadshunt Pool, Bolton King. Chesterton ! Brom. Canal near New- bold-on-Avon ; Stratford -on -Avon Canal, the form with large flowers and elongate peduncles.

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RANUNCULUS. 3

5. Leam. Radford Canal ! Y, and B. Canal, Birdingbury ; near Bascote

Lodge.

6. Sow. River Sow, near Wyken Church, Kirk^ ffet-b. Bor, Canal near

Sow Waste.

8. Alne. Pool at Wootton Wawen ; canal, Wilmcote.

9. Arrow. River Arrow, near Oversley Bridge.

10. Cherwell. Wormleighton Canal, near the Reservoir.

This occurs not infrequently in rapid streams, sometimes with R, fluitam^ always retaining its characteristic leaves ; /.^., with segments in one plane, but in swift streams the leaves are more elongated.

R. fluitans, Lam, Water Cr<nvfooL

Top. Bot. 9. Syme, E. B. i. 17. 1 8. R. aqttatilis^ Perry, 47. Native ; in rivers and streams. Locally abundant. P. July-August. First record, Ray Cat., Ran, aqtiat, alb. affine Millefolium Maratriphyllon fiuitans, C B., 1670.

1. Tame. In the River Tame and brooks that run near it, Ray Cat., 1670.

In the Tame near Aston Church ; River Tame, Kingsbury ; stream, Minworth.

2. Blythe. In the Blythe at Hampton-in-Arden ; Little Packington ; Coles-

hill ; in the Cole, Bacon's End, near Coleshill, with very large contiguous petals.

3. Anker. In the Anker near Bole Hall and Shuttington ; Ashby Canal,

near Burton Hastings.

4. Avon. In the Avon at Weirbridge, Stratford -on- Avon ! Pefry Fl,^J. In

the Avon, Stoneleigh ! Brotn, Stream by the road from Rugby to Newbold-on-Avon. 6. Sow. Canal, Sow Waste ; near Pipe's Mill, Baginton.

8. Alne. River Alne near Aston Cantlow ; stream near Preston Bagot.

9. Arrow. In the Arrow near Washford Bridge.

Two distinct forms occur in the county, one a very robust plant with large flowers, the other a slender plant with smaller flowers and petals not contiguous. Receptacle always more or less hispid in the young state.

R. pseudo-fluitans, Bab.

Top. Bot. 8. Syme, E. B. i. 20.

Native ; rivers, streams, and canals. Rare. P. June to August.

First record, Bromwich, Botanical Exchange Club Report, 1868.

2. Blythe. Blythe Bridge near Solihull. Abundant.

3. Anker. In the Anker near Shuttington.

4. Avon. Fisher's Brook near Warwick, Brom,

5. Leam. Brook at Radford Semele ! Brom, Canal near Birdingbury.

6. Sow. Pedlar's Bridge near Brinklow ; Canal, Sow Waste.

7. Stour. In the Stour near Burmington.

8. Alne. Canal near Wilmcote ; stream near Lowson Ford.

The plants from Sow Waste, Birdingbury, and Wilmcote have shorter and more rigid submersed leaves, with large flowers and elongate peduncles and habit of R, pseudo-fluitans. Mr. Hiern pronounced the Sow Waste plant to be his var. sphcerospertnus. The Wihncote plant has occasional floating leaves.

Var. b. submersus, Hiern.

I. Tame. Small pool near Kingsbury Wood

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4 RANUNCULUS.

2. Blythe. Marston Green ; Butler's Wood, Maxstoke ; near Knowle Rail- way Station.

4. Avon. Stream near Fern Hill Wood ; small pool, Drayton, near Stratford-

on-Avon.

5. Leam. Rainsbrook, near Rugby, Cttwzwiw^. Near Dipper's Bridge, Harbury.

6. Sow. Stream near Allesley, flowers small, with eight petals ; Fern Hill. 8. Alne. Stream near Pinley Abbey ; stream near Brook House Farm.

10. Chervvell. Pools near Upton House, Edge Hill.

This plant has the habit of R, Drouetiiy but has larger flowers and is more robust.

R. triehophyllus, Chaix.

Top. Bot. 7. Syme, E. B. i. 23. 21. Native ; in pools. Rare. P. May to July. First record, the Author, 1870.

2. Bi.YTHE. In a pool near the Cock, Elmdon.

4. Avon. Harborough Magna, Bloxam. Little Kineton.

6. Sow. Kenil worth, K. a«^^. Near Combe Abbey.

7. Stour. Wimpstone Fields ; near Stratford-on-Avon.

8. Alne. Yamingale Common.

10. Cherwell. Farnborough Fields.

R. Drouetii, Godr.

Top. Bot. 7. Syme, E. B. i. 32. 20.

Native ; in streams, ditches, and pools. Local. P. May to July.

First record, Kirk, in Herb. Borrer.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; small pool, Middleton Heath.

2. Blythe. Small pool, Elmdon ; near Packwood Windmill ; near Knowle

Railway Station ; Bradnock's Marsh ; Marston Green ; Blossom Field, Solihull.

4. Avon. Pond near Brandon, Kirk^ Herb. Borrer. Myton, Brom. Beau-

sale ; Chesterton ! Y. and B. In a field beyond Churchover, Rugby, Cumming. Pool near Kineton ; near Stratford -on- Avon.

5. Leam. Pit near Marton ; stream near Dipper's Bridge, Harbury ; pit near

Thorpe Bridge, Southam.

7. Stour. Barcheston, Newb. Wimpstone Fields ; Whatcote.

8. Alne. Pool near Biilesley.

9. Arrow. Stream in pasture near Arrow, and near Arrow Lane.

Var. b. Godronii (Gren). In pools. Very rare.

2. Blythe. Small pool near Elmdon.

3. Anker. Small pool, Ansley Coalfield.

4. Avon. Grove Park ! Brom.

6. Sow. Small pool. The Ridings, Combe.

8. Alne. Yamingale Common ! Brom. Not typical.

R. heterophyllus, Web. ex. p.

Syme, E. B. i. 2i. 19.

First record, the Author, 1869. Proc. Birm. Nat. Hist. Soc.

Native ; rivers, pools, streams, and canals. Local. P. May to September.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; small pool near Min worth.

2. Blythe. Pool hear Hampton-in-Arden.

3. Anker. Small pool near Ansley.

4. Avon. Pool at Loxley ; pool near Compton Verney.

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RANUNCULUS. 5

5. Leam. Near Leamington, C. Bailey, Bot Exch. Club Report^ 1879, P* 4*

6. Sow. Sow Waste Canal I Kirk^ Herb, Brit, Mus, Ditch near Coventry ;

see Exch. Club Report, 1 881.

7. Stour. Small pool, Barton Flat Heath, near Great Wolford.

Var. radians^ Hiern.

1. Tame. Stream by Windley Pool, Sutton Park ; Arley Wood.

2. Blythe. Near Solihull ; Berkswell ; Elmdon ; Spring Pools, Packington ;

Green Lanes. Coleshill ; Bradnock's Marsh ; Hampton-in-Arden.

3. Anker. Near Amington Hall, Tamworth ; Ansley, near Bentley Park.

4. Avon. Canal near Harborough Magna. Bloxam.

5. Leam. Near Birdingbury Wharf ; footway from Thuilaston ; with small

flowers.

6. Sow. Pit between Hawkes End and Allesley ; Combe Woods. 9. Arrow. Near Banum*s Wood ; Coughton Park.

10. Cherwell. Pool, Farnborough Fields.

The plants here enumerated as R, heterophyllus have orbicular floating leaves with a straight sinus, naked on the lower surface, carpels glabrous. Those given under the name of radians have more coriaceous floating leaves, orbicular in outline, with radiant segments, hairy on the underside.

R. peltatUS, Schrank,

Syme, E. B. i. 21. 17. 18.

Native ; in rivers, streams, pools, canals, &c. Local. P. May to September.

First record, Kirk, Herb. Bab., 1856.

1. Tame. Long Moor Mill Stream, Sutton Park ; stream near New Park,

Middleton ; Lea Marston.

2. Blythe. Near Honiley, R. Z. Baker,

3. Anker. Marsh near Reppington ; pool near Austrey Mill ; Anker, above

Mancetter ; Oldbury Reservoir.

4. Avon. Harborough Magna, Blox. Chesterton. Y, and B,

6. Sow. Stoke Heath and Wyken Green, 2\ Kirk, Herb, Bab,

7. Stour. Wolford Heath.

Var. b. truncatus, Hiern. Rare.

1. Tame. Sutton Park at Windley, Blackroot, and Bracebridge Pools ; near

I^a Marston.

2. Blythe. Earlswood Reservoir.

4. Avon. Near Hampton -on-the- Hill.

6. Sow. Honiley, Dr, R, L, Baker. Astley Pool.

Var. c.floribundus (Bab.). Common.

This occurs in every district in the county.

A form closely allied to this, but having truncate leaves, approaches closely var. rhipiphyllus (Hiern). This is more local than the type.

1. Tame. Water Orton, named by Mr. Hiern, Kingsbury ; Middleton Park ;

Sutton Park.

2. Blythe. Coppice near Hampton-in-Arden ; Marston Green.

8. Alne. Stream near Bushwood, Lapworth ; Yarningale Common.

Var. d. penicillatus, Hiern. Rare.

3. Anker. Seas Pool, Arbury. 8. Alne. Canal near Wilmcote.

This plant has the habit and long submersed leaves of R, pseudo-fluitans, but has floating leaves similar to R, florihindus. The peduncles are as long as those of R, Jluitans,

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6 RANUNCULUS.

R. Lenormandl, f. Schuitz,

Top. Bot. 10. Syme, E. B. i. 28. 25.

Native ; in ditches and pools. Rare. P. April to September.

First record, Kirk, Topographical Botany, Ed. i, 1858.

1. Tame. Sutton Park in all the streams and near several of the pools ;

ditches near Middleton.

2. Blythe. Balsall Street, near Berkswell ; Y, and B. Marston Green. 4. Avon. Small pool near the Blue Boar, Dunchurch, Cumming,

R. bederaeeus, Linn, Ivy-Uaved Crowfoot,

Top. Bot. 10. Purt. i. 262. Syme, E. B. i. 29. 26.

Native ; shallow pools, streams, and wet places. Local. P. March to

August. First record, Perryi Plantae Selectae, 1820.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; pool near Middleton.

2. Blythe. Barston ! Y. and B. Coleshill ; Hill Bickenhill ; Marston

Green; Olton Pool; Hampton - in - Arden ; Berkswell; Solihull; Shirley.

3. Anker. Quarries, Hartshill, local in this district.

4. Avon. Brandon, Broni, ** Rare in the neighbourhood of Warwick ; roadside

between Hatton and Rowington," Pet-ry FL 47. Lighthome, Miss Palmer.

5. Leam. Harbury Heath.

6. Sow. Coventry ! K and B, Corley ; Sow Waste.

7. Stour. Wolford Heath near Moreton-in-the-Marsh.

8. Alne. Yamingale Common ; Lye Green.

9. Arrow. Near Alcester.

A floating form having a more robust habit, larger leaves, and five-veined petals, occurs near Coleshill. This Mr. Hiem pronounced to be very near R, omiophylluSi Ten. Lord de Tabley considers this to be true omiophyllus.

R. seeleratUSi Linn. CeUry-Uaved Crowfoot.

Top. Bot. 14. Purt. i. 258. Syme, E. B. i. 31. 27.

Native ; pools, ditches, and streams. Local. A. or B. May to September.

First record, the Author, Proc. Birm. N. H. S., 1869, p. 89.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; near Middleton ; Walmley.

2. Blythe. Earlswood ; Berkswell ; Solihull ; Coleshill ; Marston Green.

3. Anker. Frequent. Rye Hills ; Shuttington ; Burton Hastings.

4. Avon. Near Bilton Church, Rugby Sch, Rep.^ 1877. Abbot's Salford,

Caswell. Lighthome, Miss Palmer.

5. Leam. Harbury Heath ; Southam ; Stockton Reservoir.

6. Sow. Hopsford ; Stoke Heath ; Withybrook.

7. Stour. Tredington, Newb. Wolford Heath.

8. Alne. Lye Green ; Yamingale.

9. Arrow. Spemall ; Coughton. * 10. Cherwell. Farnborough.

Although I find this plant in every district in the county, it is often missing over wide areas, being common in some of the districts and local in others.

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RANUNCULUS. 7

R. Flammula, Linn, Lesser Spearwort.

Top. Bot. II. Purt. i. 262. Synie, E. B. 33. 29.

Native ; ditches, marshes, heathlands. Common. P. May to September.

First record, Ick, Analyst, 1837. Coleshill Pool !

Common in all the districts.

R« Liligua, Linn, Greater Spearwort,

Top. Bot. II. Syme, E. B. i. 35. 31.

Native ; in pools, canals. Very rare. P. July to September.

First record. Freeman, Phyt. i. 262, 1842.

I. Tame. Sutton, Freeman^ Phyt, i. 262. Sutton Park, Bracebridge, Black- root, and other pools.

3. Anker. In a pit at Griff, near Nuneaton ; by the side of an old canal, near Coventry Wood ; Fir Tree Grove, Arbury Park, Kirk^ Phyt, ii.

947. 6. Sow. In an old pit, AUesley, IV, T, Bree^ Phyt, iii. 301. 8. Alnb. Snitterfield, Cheshire^ Herb, Perry,

R. aOFieomUS, Linn, Goldilocks, Wood Crowfoot,

Top. Bot. 12. Purt. i. 261. Syme, E. B. i. 36. 32.

Native ; in woods and on hedge banks. Locally common. P. April- May.

First record, T. Kirk, Top. Bot., about 1858.

1. Tame. Walmley, Caswell, Shustoke.

2. Blythe. Sheldon, Gorle. Maxstoke ; Elmdon ; Knowie, &c.

3. Anker. Swan Lane, Nuneaton ; Bole Hall ; Amington ; Shuttington ;

Bulkington.

4. Avon. Abbotts Salford, Caswell. Lighthorne, Miss Palmer,

5. L^am. By Wappenbury and Princethorpe Woods.

6. Sow. Combe Woods ; Allesley ; Shilton ; Willenhall.

7. Stour. Idlicote, Gorle, In the Reay, Honington, F, Townsend, Eating-

ton ; Wolford.

8. Alne. Kingswood ; Lapworth ; Bearley ; Yarningale ; Wawen^s Moor.

9. Arrow. Coughton ; Spernall ; Studley ; Morton Bagot ; Ipsley. 10. Cherwell. Shotswell ; Warmington.

Two forms occur intermixed, and passing one into the other : a nearly apetalous form, and one with fully developed flowers.

R« aCPiS, Linn, Buttercup, Meadow Crowfoot,

Top. Bot. 13. Purt. i. 259. Syme, E. B. i. 37. 33.

Native ; woods, banks, meadows, Ac. Common. P. May to August.

First record, Withering, Botanical Arrangement, 1 80 1. Var. 2.

Common in all the districts.

Two varieties occur ; one, supposed to be R, Steveni, being frequent in the sandstone districts ; in the lias districts, var. d, vulgaris occurs not unfrequently.

R. POpens, Linn. Creeping Buttercup,

Top. Bot. 13. Purt. I. 259. Syme, E. B. i. 40. 34.

Native ; in ditches, meadows, waysides, <fec. Common. P. May to August.

First record. Perry, Herb. Perry, 1812.

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8 RANUNCULUS.

Common in all the districts. Two marked forms are equally abundant : the one a prostrate form, common in pastures and on waysides ; the other more robust, and often very rampant in wet places.

R. bulbOSUS, Linn. Buttercup.

Top. Bot. 13. Purt. i. 259. Syme, E. B. i. 41. 35. Native ; meadows and waysides. Common. P. May to August. . First record, Perry, Plantae Selectse, 1820. *• With full flowers, Emscote Bridge."

This has been noticed throughout the county, but is less abundant than the two foregoing.

R. SardOUS, Crantz. Hairy Crowfoot.

R, hirsutus. Curt. Syme, E. B. i. 43. 36.

Casual in cornfields. Rare. A. June. First record, H. Bromwich, MS.

4. Avon. Cornfields at Myton, Brom.

This plant, which is of uncertain appearance, has probably been introduced with foreign seeds.

R. parviflOFUS, Linn Small-flowered Crowfoot.

Top. Bot. 14. Purt. i. 261. Syme E. B. i. 45. 37.

Native ; "roadsides on gravelly ditch banks." Rare. A. May-June.

First record. Perry, Plantae Selectse, 1820.

2. Blythe. Bickenhill, Bree^ Mag. Nat. Hist, iii., 165.

4. Avon. Between Hampton-on-the-Hill and Norton Lindsay, Herb. Per.

Hatton Rock, Cheshire^ Herb. Per. Near Harborough Magna, Blox, Near Little Lawford Mill, Trott, Milverton and Ashorne ! Brom. Road bank at the bottom of Green Lane; Hill Morton, Baxter^ MS.

5. Leam. On a hill near the canalbetween Bascote and Radford, Bayne^, MS. 7. Stour. Hedge bank by the side of road, lately enclosed between Tred-

ington and the Fosseway, F. Towmend. 9. Arrow. Top of Oversley Hill ; hedge banks near Alcester Mill, Per. FL 46.

R. aFVensis> Linn. Corn Crowfoot.

Top. Bot. 15. Purt. i. 260. Syme E. B. i. 46. 38.

Colonist ; cornfields. Locally common. A. June to August.

First record. Kirk, Topographical Botany, 1858.

1. Tame. Meadows by PowelFs Pool, Sutton Park ; Walmley.

2. Blythe. Marston Green ; Solihull ; Berkswell.

3. Anker. Mancetter ; Hartshill.

4. Avon. Binton.

5. Leam. Birdingbury ; Itchington Holt ; Southam ; Stockton.

6. Sow. Ansty ; Stoke ; Baginton.

7. Stour. Common in Stour Basin, Newb, Whatcote, Gorle, Great Wol-

ford ; Brailes.

8. Alne. Claverdon ; Wootton Wawen ; Lapworth.

9. Arrow. Alcester ; Ragley. 10. Chrrweli.. Warmington.

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RANUNCULUS. — CALTHA.— HELLEBORUS. 9

R. Ficaria, Linn. Lesser Celandine, Pilewori,

Top. Bot. II. Purt. i. 262. Syme, E. B. i.47. 39.

Native; damp woods, meadows, banks. Common. P. March to June.

First record, the Author, ** Flora of Sutton Park."

Common throughout the county. Mr. Townsend records the var. incumdenstl Syme, from Warwickshire, in his excellent *• Flora of Hampshire." p. il. In very damp places a form which approaches this may be often found, but does not seem to be a constant form ; this form is also recorded from Leamington, Brpm,

CALTHA. Linn.

C. palUStriS, Linn. Marsh Marigold.

Top. Bot. 15. Purt i. 257. Syme, E. B. i. 50. 40.

Native ; in ditches, marshes, <fec. Common. P. March to June or later.

More or less abundant in all the districts. First record. Perry, Herb. Perry, 1813.

Var. b. Guerangerii (Boreau). Rather rare. Top. Bot. 15. Warwick.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Blythe Bridge, near Solihull. Maxstoke ; Masston Green.

3. Anker. Marsh, near Shuttington Bridge.

4. Avon. Burton Green, Brom.

5. Leam. Radford Semele, Brom.

7. Stour. Honington, Newb.

8. Alne. Pinley, near Hatton, Brom. Stream, Preston Fields, near Preston

Bagot.

A small form agreeing well with the description given in E. B. i. 51 of C. minor ^ Syme, occurred one season in Sutton Park, but has not been since noticed.

HELLEBORUS. Limu

H. ViPidiS, Linn. Green Hellebore. Bear's-foot.

(Top. Bot. 16.) Purt. i. 264. Syme, E. B. i. 56. 44.

Denizen ; in woods, thickets, and on hedge banks. Rare. P. March to May.

First record, Purt. Midland Flora, 1817.

I. Tame. Shustoke, Bree in Purt. iii. 363.

3. Anker. Near Oldbury Hail.

4. Avon. Grove Park, near Hatton ! Perry^ MS. Radway Wood, Beesley.

Gaydon, Bolton King.

6. Sow. Allesley, Bree^ Purt. iii. 363. Dadley's Wood, Allesley ! Kirk^ Herb.

Per. .

8. Alne. Holywell, near Claverdon, 1878.

9. Arrow. In a field, near Studley Castle, Purt. i. 264. Banum's Wood,

Morton Bagot. Abundant, 1886.

The plant appears to be truly naturalised in Grove Park and Banum's Wood.

H, fOBtidUS, Linn. Stinking Bear's-foot.

(Top. Bot. 17.) Purt. i. 264. Syme, E. B, i. 58. 45.

Denizen ; on banks, and in meadows and woods. Rare. P. March to May

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10 HELLEBORUS. — AQUILEGIA. — ACONITUM.

First record, Purt. Midland Flora, 1817.

2. Blythe. Wood, near Pack wood Church, 1888, Miss Tonks, 4. Avon. Lighthorne, Miss Palmer.

8. Alne. On the side of a pond at Mr. Taylor's, Rowington, Perry, Abun-

dant in a field near Yarningale Common, 1874.

9. Arrow. Studley Castle ; Dunnington ; Arrow, Purt. i. 265.

[**Eranthis hyentalisy Salisb. Winter Aconite.

Syme, E. B. i. 55. 43.

Alien ; on banks. Very rare.

I. Tame. Near the Parsonage, Curd worth, 1873.

4. Avon. Abundantly in Stratford Churchyard, Pratt,

5. Leam. In the Hall Field, Birdingbury, Brom,]

AQUILEGIA. Linn. A. vulgaris, Linn. Columbine.

Top. Hot. 17.. Purt. i. 255. Syme. E. B. i. 60. 46.

Native ; in woods, thickets, and on banks. Rare. P. June-July.

First record, Purt. Midland Flora, 181 7.

1. Tame. Middleton Park ! Adcock, New Park and Trickley Coppice,

Middleton, 1882.

2. Blythe. Shelly Coppice, and banks of the Blythe, near Solihull.

4. Avon. Chesterton Wood, Brom.

6. Sow. Corley Wood, Bree in Purt, i. 256. Allesley, Bree^ Mag, Nat, Hist. iii. 165 ; bushy field near Kenilworth, Brom.

8. Alne. Banks near Henley-in-Arden ; Kingswood.

[** Delphinium consolida^ Br. Fl. Larkspur. D, Ajacis, Reichb. Syme, E. B. i. 62. 47A.

Casual in cornfields and woods, A. June to September. First record, Purt. Midland Flora, 1817.

5. Leam. In a cornfield at Princethorpe, BayneSy MS.

6. Sow. Woods, Allesley, Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist, iii. 165.

9. Arrow. Studley, in the Castle Field, Purt, i. 255.]

ACONITUM. Linn. **A. NapellUS, Z/mm. Monkshood,

Syme, E. B. i. 64. 48. Alien ; near streams. Rare. June. 4. Avon. Fisher's Bridge, near Warwick, Brom, Formerly very abundant.

["^Actea spicatay Linn. Herb Christopher,

Casual ; in copses, Harborough Magna, near Rugby \ Blox, MS,y 1872.]

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BBRBERIS. — NYMPHiEA. 1 1

Ord. II. BERBERIDE^.

BERBERIS. Linn.

B. vulgaris, Linn. Barberry,

Top. Bot. i8. Purt. i. i8o. Syme, E. B. i. 71. 51.

Native ; in thickets, woods, and hedges. Rare. S. May-June.

First record, Perry List, 18 17.

1. Tame. Erdington, Caswell, Arley Village.

2. Blythe. Maxstoke ; Bcrkswell.

3. Anker. Ruins of Hartshill Priory ; lane near Rye Hills, Tamworth ;

hedge near Shuttington Bridge ; lane at Amington.

4. Avon. Leek Wootton, Perry List, 1817. Harborough Magna, Blox.

Stoneleigh ; Tachbrook, Y. andB. ; Norton Lindsay, Brom, ; near Little Lawford Mill, Rugby Sch, Rep,, 1878. In hedges near Bilton Hall, and on the banks of the Avon, near Holbrook Grange, Baxt. B, F. 115. Blakedown, Brom.

5. Leam. On the top of the hill, just beyond Lillington, 183 1. Baynes,

MS,

6. Sow. Kenilworth, Brom, ; between Leamington and Kenilworth, 1831.

Baynes, MS,

7. Stour. Honington, Newb.

8. Alne. Grafton ; Billesley ! Purt, i. 180.

9. Arrow. Oversley, Broom, Purl, i. 180. Ipsley ! in several places.

Mathews,

This plant, which is now very rare, has formerly been very abundant in the Arrow district, as is evidenced by Purton*s note on the plant, page 180, Midland Flora. In some of the other districts it is probably a recent introduction.

Ord. III. NYMPH^ACEiE. NTMPHiEA. Linn,

N. alba, Linn. White Water-lily,

Top. Bot. 19. Purt. i. 251. Syme, E. B. i. 76. 53. Native ; in rivers and pools. Rare. P. July to August. First record, Purt. Midland Flora, 181 7.

1. Tame. The large pool on Sutton Cold field ! Ick, Remarkable Plants,

August, 1838. Formerly abundant in Blackroot Pool, Sutton Park, destroyed about 1876 ; abundant in the large pool by Middleton Hall, introduced.

2. Blythe. Barston Pool, in the Blythe ! Y, and B, Springfield ; Temple

Balsall.

3. Anker. In the Anker, near Tamworth ! J. Power ^ MSS, Merivale Park.

4. Avon. River Avon, Wolston Mill, Trott, 1870. 9. Arrow. In a pond at Ragley, Purt. i. 231.

This plant has probably been introduced in several of the above-mentioned stations, as at Sutton, Middleton, Barston, and Springfield.

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1 2 NUPHAR. — PAPAVER.

NUPHAR. Sm.

N. lUteum, Sm. Veiiow IVater Lily. Water-can.

Top. Bot. 20. (Nymphaa), Purt. i. 251. Syme, E. B. i. 78. 54.

Native ; rivers, pools, and canals. Locally common. P. June to August.

First record, Ick, Analyst. 1837.

1. Tamk. Lane from Nechells Greeh to Wash wood Heath, Icky Anal. 1837.

River Tame at Aston, and other places in its course.

2. Blythe. In ponds and pits near Blythe Bridge, Solihull ; irt the Cole,

near Coleshill ; Temple Balsall.

3. Anker. In the River Anker, nearTamworth ; Alvecote ; and Shuttington ;

in the canal, Burton Hastings ; and Atherstone.

4. Avon. The Dene, near Kineton, Bolton King ; in the Avon, near

Stratford-on-Avon ; Binton ; and Bidford ; stream, by the road from Rugby to Newbold-on-Avon.

5. Leam. Dipper's Bridge, near Harbury ; River Leam, near Leamington ;

Stockton.

6. Sow. Pool near Astley Castle ; River Sow, near Sow Village.

7. Stour. Abundant in the Stour, above and below Honington, F. Towns-

end. Burmington, &c.

8. Alne. River Alne, near Aston Cantlow ; Wootton Wawen ; stream,

Lowson Ford.

9. Akrow. Oversley ; Rs^ley.

10. Cherwell. Canal, near Wormleighton.

The popular name, Water-cany is from the half-unfolded leaves, floating on the water, resembling cans, Purt. Mid. Flora^ Obs. page 251.

Ord. IV. PAPAVERACE.*:.

PAPAVER. Linn.

[••/'. somniferuMy Linn. The Garden Poppy.

Purt. i. 250. Syme, E. B. i. 82. 57.

Casual ; waste places and cornfields. Rare. A. June.

First record, Baxter, 1831.

2. Blythe. Waste heaps, in Whey-porridge Lane, Solihull.

4. Avon. Cornfields, near the road from Rugby to Barby, 1831 ; roadside,

going to Dunchurch ; also one mile from Rugby, Baxter ; in cornfields,

Myton, Brom.'\

P. RbOBas, Linn. Common Red Poppy,

Top. Bot. 22. Purt. i. 250. Syme, E. B. i. 87. 58.

Colonist ; cornfields, and occasionally 'waysides. Abundant in most of the

districts, apparently local in the Anker basin. A. June to August. First record, Rugby School Rep., 1868.

Var. b. sirigosum (Boenn).

In cornfields. Rare.

4. Avon. Myton and Milverton. Brom» Exch, Club Rep.^ 1877, page 13.

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PAPAVER. — CHELIDONIUM. 13

••/•. dtUnum, L. var., railway bank, Milverton, Warwickshire, July, 1888, ff. Brontwich, is P. Rhxas var. lavigaium, not dubium^ J. G. Baker. In the ' Prodromus* there is included a Caucasian plant, P. lavigaium^ M. Bieb., which Marschall a Bieberstein first described in Fl. Tr. Cauc. vol. iii. 364, 1 819, as ' ?• capsulis oblongis calycibusque glabris, caule multifloro setis rarissimis sub- hispidis, foliis pinnatifidis incisis subpilosis.' He gives dubium as its ally, to which, rather than to P, Rhceas^ L., I should have referred it. I do not remember seeing it recorded as a British casual before." G. C. Druce, Exch. Club Rep., 1888, p. 199.

P. dubium, Linn, Long-headed Poppy.

Top. Bot. 22. Purt. iii. 48. Syme, E. B. 1. 89. 59.

Colonist ; in cornfields and on banks and waysides. Common throughout the

county. A. June to August. First record, Ick, Anal. 1837, near Aston Church !

Var. b. Lecoqii (Lamot.).

Syme, E. B. i. 90. 60. Top. Bot. 22.

Colonist ; in cornfields, on lias and marly soils. Rare. A. June to August.

First record, Bromwich, Report Botanical Exchange Club, 1868.

4. Avon. Whitnash. K and B. Burton Bassett, Moreton Morrell.

5. Leam. Ashorne, Upton, Cubbington. Brom. ; near Long Itchin^on.

6. Sow. Kenilworth, Y.andB.

7. Stour. Railway bank one mile from Shipston-on-Stour, Honington Hall

Grounds, Tredington, Newb. 10. Cherwell. Avon Dassett, Brom,

The characters by which this variety is distinguished are so slight that it has probably been frequently overlooked in the county.

P. Argemone, Linn, Prickly-headed Poppy.

Top. Bot. 22. Purt. i. 250. Syme, E. B. i. 91. 61.

Colonist ; on dry banks and in cultivated fields. Locally common. A. June

to August. First record, Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1830.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Middleton ; Witton ; Water Orton.

2. Bly THE. Marston Green ; Solihull.

3. Anker. Nuneaton ; fields near Hartshill.

4. Avon. Myton, Y, and B.

5. Leam. Fields near Ufton ; banks, Eathorpe ; Marton.

6. Sow. Fields, Binley, and Stoke ; Baginton ; Willenhall.

7. Stour. Rectory Gardens, Shipston-on-Stour ; and near Great Wolford.

8. Alne. Claverdon, Bree. Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. 165. Wilmcote.

9. Arrow. Field by Coughton Park. 10. Cherwell. Field at Avon Dassett.

\^* Meconopsis camhrica^ Vig., the Welsh Poppy , occwxs as a waif or outcast from cultivation. Established on old walls, Warwick, Herb. Per, On Stone walls, escape, near Rowington Hall, 1869.]

CHELIDONIUM. Linn,

C. majUS, Linn. Greater Celandine.

Top. Bot." 23. Purt. i. 252. Syme, E. B. i. 99. 67.

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14 CHELIDONIUM. — CORYDALIS. — FUMARIA.

Denizen ; on banks near villages. Locally common. P. May to July. First record, Dr. Lloyd, Herb. Perry, 1835.

1. Tame. Sutton; Fillongley; Arley; Water Orton; Shustoke.

2. Blythe. Marston Green ; Hockley, near Knowle ; Coleshill.

3. Ankbr. Nuneaton ; Stockingford ; rare in this district.

4. Avon. Whitnash ; Wootton, K and B. Chadshunt, Bolton King,

Tachbrook, Miss Palmer, Stratford -on- Avon ; woods near Kadway, Edge Hill, 1867.

5. Leam. Marton Village.

6. Sow. Corley ; AUesley.

7. Stour. Blackwell, Honington, Newb,

8. Alne. Burford Lsme, near Spernall.

9. Arrow. Ipsley, Slatter. Upper Spernall.

10. Cherwell. Shotswell ; near Warmington Church.

Ord. V. FUMARIACE^.

CORYDALIS,

* C. lutea, DC, Yellow Fumitory,

Syme, E. B. i. 102. 69. (Fumaria).

Alien ; on old walls. Rare. P. May -June.

First record, Perry List, 1817.

1. Tame. On an old wall, Edgbaston Lane, Icky Anal., 1837.

2. Blythe. Abundant on churchyard wall, Maxstoke, 1869, introduced from

Allesley ; old wall, Baker's Lane, near Knowle. 4. Avon. On walls, Melius Lane, Warwick, Perry List, 18 17. St. Mary's Churchyard, Warwick, Per, Fl, Under a wall at Abbot's Salford, Herb, Perry, Tachbrook, Brom,

6. Sow. Kenilworth, Y, and B,

7. Stour. Old garden wall at Tredington ! and on walls of old kitchen

garden, Honington ! Newb,

8. Alne. Pinley, Brom, Old wall, near Henley-in-Arden.

[••C. bulbosa, DC, is recorded as occurring abundantly in the neighbour- hood of Studley Castle. Purt, iii. 39. Near the middle gate, in a lane from Guy's CliflF to the Woodloes, Perry, MSS, Merely occurs as an escape from cultivation.]

C. elavieulata, DC, CUmbing Fumitory,

Top. Bot. 24. Syme, E. B. i. 103. 70.

Native ; woods and banks. Rare. A. June to August.

First record, Perry List, 18 17. Fumaria claviculata,

I Tame. Gravelly Hill; Erdmgton., Per, List^ i8i7. Sutton Park, in Lower Holly Hurst ; Aston Lane, near Witton Lane, abundant, 1876, now destroyed by building operations, 1880.

FUMARIA. Linn. P. pallidiflora, Jord. Pale-JUweted Fumitory,

Top. Bot. 25. Syme, E. B. i. 105. 71.

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FUMARIA. — CHEIRANTHUS. 1 5

Colonist ; on banks in marly soils. Rare. A. May-June. First record, the Author, Midland Naturalist, iv. 125, 1881.

Leam. Near Bishop's Itchington, Brom,^ 1872. 6. Sow. Coventry, Brotn,

P. eonfasa, J<frd.

Top. Bot. 26. Syme, E. B. i. 107. 73.

Colonist ; cultivated fields and waste places. Rare. A. June to August.

First found by the Author, August, 1874.

2. Blythe. Field and waste heap, lane from Henfield, near Knowle, to

Temple Balsall. 4. Avon. On the roadside by a rubbish heap, beyond Bilton, Rugby Sch*

Rep., 1875. Identified by the Rev. A. Bloxam.

F. mXktZXiS, Sonder.

Top. Bot. 26. Syme, E. B. i. 108. 74.

Colonist ; hedge banks and cultivated places. Rare. A. June to August.

First record, Bloxam, Topographical Botany, Ed. i.

I. Tame. Hedges in the Harbome Road, Edgbaston ; abundant, 1872. 4. Avon. A weed in the Rectory ground, Harborough Magna, Blox, Garden weed at Myton, Brom,

F* OffleinaliSi Linn, Common Fumitory,

Top. Bot. 26. Purt. i. 325. Syme, E. B. i. no. 76.

Colonist ; cultivated fields, heathlands. Common, and generally distributed.

A. May to August. First record, Ick, Analyst, 1837. Aston, Nechells Green.

A rampant form, approaching the Capreolata forms in habit, has been picked at Shustoke ; Stoke ; Walton Village, Marton, &c

Ord. VI. CRUCIFERiE. CHEIRANTHUS. Linn,

*C. Cbeiri, Linn, Wallflower, Gillyflower,

Purt. i. 311. Syme, E. B. ! 154. 106. Comp. Cyb. 485.

Alien ; old walls and ruins. Rare. P. Mav-June.

First record. Perry, Plantae Selectae, 1820. { Cheiranthus fruticulosus,)

4. Avon. Walls at Warwick! Per, FL, 56. Walls of Stratford Church! Cheshire. Herb, Per,

6. Sow. Kenilworth ! K and B.

7. Stour. Old walls, Tredington ! Newb., just outside the county boundary.

8. Alne. Wroxall Abbey walls ! Brom,

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1 6 NASTURTIUM.

NASTURTIUM. Br.

N. Offleinale, Br, Watercress,

Top. Bot. 43. Sisymbrium Nasturtium^ Purt. i. 306. Syme, E. B. i. 176. 125. Native ; streams and wet places. Common, and generally distributed. P.

June to October. First record, Perry, Herb. Perry, 183 1.

Var. b, siifolium (Reichb.), Koch. Syme, E. B. i. 177. Rare.

2. Blythe. Near Knowle Railway Station ; Bradnock's Marsh, near

Hampton-in-Arden. 4. Avon. Myton, Brom, 8. Alne. Near Billesley Hall.

This does not seem to be more than a luxuriant state of var. a.

•N. sylvestre, Brown, Creeping Yellow Oess,

Top. Bot. 44. Syme, E. B. i. 179. 126.

Ambiguity ; watery places.

First record, Bree, New Botanist^s Guide, 1837.

I. Tame. Sutton ; Freeman Phyt. i. 262. ♦' Warwickshire, Bree Caty New Botanist's Guide ^ 181.

I believe both these records to be errors. The plant Bree intended was probably N, palustre, which was at one time very abundant on the shores of Coleshill Pool. He does not anywhere record N. palustre.

N. palustre, DC, Marsh Yellow Cress.

Top. Bot. 44. Sisymbrium terrestre^ Purt. i. 307. Syme, E. B. i. 180. 127. Native ; rivers, pools, and wet places. Local. A. June to August. First record. Perry List, 1817.

1. Tame. Banks of stream near Duddeston Mill, Ick, 1839. Rot ton Park

Reservoir, Grove ; Sutton Park, sparingly, 1876.

2. Blythe. Shores of Coleshill Pool; Temple Balsall ; near Meriden Marsh.

3. Anker. In the Anker, Shuttington Bridge, near Tamworth.

4. Avon. Near the race stand, Warwick, Per. List, 181 7 ; roadside between

Haseley and Haseley Green, Per. Fl. 55 ; Shrewley Pool, muddy places in the Avon, Y, and B. Femhill ! Stoneleigh, Brom. Moist meadows, Brownsover, Trott, Chadshunt ; Kineton, Bolton King. Lighthome, Miss Palmer.

5. Leam. Side of the River Learn, near Leamington ! BayneSy MSS, Near

Oldham's Mill, Leamington, Perry, MSS.

6. Sow. Baginton Bridge ! Per. List, 181 7. Kenilworth, Brom. Near

Stoneleigh.

8. Alne. Side of mill pond, near Claverdon, on the road to Warwick, 1835,

Perry List. Canal, Lowson Ford.

9. Arrow. Sisymbrium terrestre. In ditches, Oversley Mill, Purt, i. 307.

This species has not been observed in the Stour basin, but I am convinced it will be found there.

N. amphibium. Brown, Great Yellow Water Cress,

Bot. 45. S] e ; rivers, September.

Top. Bot. 45. Syme, E. B. i. 181. 128.

Native ; rivers, pools, canals, ditches. Locally common. P. June to

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NASTURTIUM. — BARBAIIEA. I ^

First record, Withering, Botanical Arrangement, 1787, Tamworth.

1. Tamb. Near the aqueduct, Erdington Road, Ick, Anal,, 1837. Curd-

worth Bridge ; Forge Mills ; Castle Bromwich.

2. Blythe. Marston Green ; canal, near Knowle ; Temple Balsall ; Earls-

wood ; Stonebridge ; Meriden.

3. Anker. River Anker, near Tamworth ; Shuttington ; Bramcote ; Wed-

dington ; Griff Hollows, &c.

4. Avon. Avon, Nicholas Meadows, Warwick, Per, Fl, 56. In a pond, near

Alveston Church, 1823, Perry, MSS, Guy*s Cliff ; Stratford -on- Avon ; Binton ; Abbot's Salford.

5. Leam. Leam near Leamington ; Radford Semele ; Stockton.

6. Sow. River Sow, near Sow ; near Willenhall.

8. Alne. Rowington Canal, near Claverdon ; Preston Bagot.

9. Arrow. Broom ; Wixford.

BARBAREA. Brown.

B, VOlgariSt Brown, Winter Cress, Yellow Rocket,

Top. Bot. 43. Syme, E. B. i. 171. 120.

Native ; banks, ditches, canals, &c. Common. More or less abundant

throughout the county. B. May to July. First record, Dr. Lloyd, Herb. Perry, 1835.

Var. b, divaricata, Lond, Cat. Rare.

3. Anker. Abundant at Shuttington Bridge, near Tamworth.

4. Avon. Moreton Morrell, Y, and B. Alveston Pastures.

7. Stour. Honington, pointed out by the Rev, W, W, Newbouid as probably

that plant.

8. Alne. Marshy land near Lowson Ford.

9. Arrow. Abundant byr the Arrow at Broom, 1885.

10. Cherwell. Near Famborough, in drains, abundantly.

B. apeuata, Reichb,

Comp. Cyb. 483. Syme, E. B. i. 172. 121.

Ambiguity ; on banks of rivers and near ditches. Rare. B. June to August.

First record, Bromwich, Herb. Brit. Mus., 1864.

4. Avon. Milverton, Brom, Chesterton ! Dr, Baker, Exch, Club Report,

1879. p. 5. Near Tachbrook.

5. Leam. The Leam, Leamington, 1864, Brom, Herb, Brit, Mus,

7. Stour. Honington Park, pointed out by the Rev, W, W. Newbouid,

8. Alne. Bishopton, near Stratford-on-Avon, Brpin,

9. Arrow. Banks of the Arrow ; Broom.

** I believe the English Barbarea arcuata a mere variety of B, vulgaris, what- ever the foreign one, which differs a little, may be." W, Borrer in a letter, October, 1850. *• This opinion is so far borne out by comparing Mr. Borrer's garden plant with the wild examples sent to me labelled as arcuata from Worcester, War- wick, York, and Cheviotland ; the wild examples being different, and apparently vulgaris." Comp, Cyb,, page 483.

My own opinion is that the above plant is an inconstant form or state of B. vulgaris,—-]. E. B.

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1 8 BARBAREA. — ARABIS.

**B. StriCta, Andrz.

Syme, E. B. i. 173. 122.

Ambiguity ; cultivated fields. Rare. B. July.

4. Avon. Harborough Magna, ^/^j:., 1876.*

6. Sow. Skin yards near Kenilworth, Brom.y 1889.

•This I record on the authority of the Rev. A. Bloxam. I cannot regard the plant as more than a casual in Warwickshire, or it may be a mistake in nomen- clature.

**B. intermedia, Boreau,

Syme, E. B.i. 174. 123.

Colonist ; cultivated fields. Rare or overlooked. B. June.

First record, Rugby School Report, 1874.

2. Blythe. Cornfield near Pack wood Church

4. Avon. Rugby district, Rug, Sch, Rep,, 1874, Fisher's Bridge near

Warwick, Brom, 6. Sow. Cornfield near Kenilworth, Brom, 9 Arrow. Cornfield, Sambourn, 1886.

[•*^. prcBcoXt R. Br. American Cress,

Syme, E. B. i. 175. 124.

Alien ; banks and cultivated ground. Rare or local. B. April to July.

First record, Bloxam, New Botanist's Guide, Sup., 1837.

I. Tame. Abundant on new railway embankment, Sutton Park, 1877-80. Introduced.

4. Avon. Near Rugby on rubbish, probably brought from a garden, Blox,

New Bot, Guide i ii. 612. Garden weed about Myton ; railway bank, Leek Wootton, Brom,

5. Leam. Near Rainsbrook, Gumming,

6. Sow. Near Kenilworth and Coventry on railway banks, T, Kirk, Herb, Per,

Bedworth, Mrs. Beck. 9. Arrow. Little Britain, near Wixford.]

Very uncertain in its appelirance in the stations quoted by myself.

ARABIS. Linn,

A. Sagittata, DG. Hairy Rock Gress,

{A, hirsuta, L.) Top. Bot. 42. Syme, E. B. i. 168. 116. Native? old walls. Rare. B. June. First record. Kirk, Herb. Perry, 1852.

6. Sow. Old walls, Allesley, Kirk^ Herb, Per, Believed to have been intro-

duced by the late Rev. W. T. Bree.

7. Stour. Honington, Miss Townsend^ Herb, Bolton King.

A. perfoliata, Lam, Tower Gress,

( Turritis glabra^ Reichb.) Top. Bot. 43. Purt. iii. 369. Syme, E. B. i. 169. 1 19.

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ARABIS.— CARDAMINB. 1 9

Native ; hedge banks and road sides. Rare. B. May-June. First record, Turritis vulgatior, Park. Sufra Dorsthill-hill prope Middleton in agro Warwicensiy Ray Cat. Ed. 1. 308, 1670.

1. Tame. Supra Dorsthill-hijl prope Middleton, Ray Cat,^ 1670. Lane

from Castle Bromwich road to Yardley, Freeman^ Phyi, i. 262.

2. Blythe. Marston Green, near the railway station ; extinct now. 4. Avon. Stoneleigh, Kirks Herb, Per.

6. Sow. Lanes about AUesley, Bree^ Purt, iii. 369. Hollyberry End, Kirk^ Herb. Per.

CARDAMINE. Linn,

C amara, Linn, Bitter Cress,

Top. Bot. 39. Purt. I. 303. Syme, E.B. i. 157. 108.

Native ; marshes, drains, and pools. Local. P. April to June.

First record, Ray, Catalogus, 1670. Nasturtium aquaticum atnarum. Park.

1. Tame. *' I have observed this cress in boggy and watery places, near

Middleton, Warwickshire." Pay Cat, Ed. i. 220. Aston, near Birmingham, With. Ed. 5. iii. 717. Edgbaston Pond, Freeman^ Phyt, i. 262. Middleton Park ; Sutton Park.

2. Blythe. Coleshill ! Balsall, Bree^ Mag. Nat, Hist. iii. 165. Shirley Heath ;

Honiley ; Meriden.

3. Anker. Marsh, near Shuttington Bridge ; lane, above Mancetter ;

Hartshill Hayes ; Bentley Park.

4. Avon. Harborough Magna, Blox, MS. On the side of the Avon, below

Milverton, Baynes. Common about the Avon at Rugby, Blox. MS, note in Purton^s Flora ; Guy*s Cliff, Baynes ; Abbotts Saiford, Caswell ; Alveston, Miss Palmer,

5. Leam. In a small copse, near Oldham's Mill, Leamington, 1831, Baynes,

6. Sow. Allesley ! Bree, Mag. Nat, Hist. iii. 165. Kenilworth ! Y. and B,

8. Alne. River Alne, near Hoo Mill, Part. i. 303. Holywell, near

Lowson Ford.

9. Arrow. The Arrow, at Overslev! Purt, i. 303. Alcester, lane from

Spernall to Morton Bagot, 1886.

C. PFatensiS, Linn, Cuckoo Flower, Lady^s Smock,

Top. Bot. 39. Purt. 1. 301. Syme, E.B. i. 158. 109.

Native ; moist meadows and heaths. Common. P. April to June.

First record, Ick, Anal., 1837, Garrison L.ane.

Generally distributed throughout the county.

C. hirsuta, Linn, Hairy Bitter Cress, Land Cress,

Top. Bot. 39. Purt. i. 302. Syme, E. B. i. 160. 1 10. Native ; walls, waysides. Common. A. March to September. First record, Cardamine impatiens altera hirsutior, ** This is very common in Warwickshire." Ray Syn. Ed, iii. 300, 1724.

Throughout the county.

C. flexUOSa, With, C, sylvatica^ Link Zigzag Cardamine, Top. Bot. 40. Purt. i. 302. Syme, E. B. 161. ill.

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20 CARDAMINE. — EROPHILA.

Native ; ditches, woods, and waysides. Locally common. A. April to July. First record, Purton, Midland Flora, 1817.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Solihull ; Coleshill.

3. Anker. Shuttington ; Seckington ; Birch Coppice ; Newton Regis ;

Austrey; Hartshill.

4. Avon. Binton.

5. Leam. Southam Road, Haxbury.

6. Sow. Crackley Wood I K. and B. Allesley ; Combe fields.

7. Stowe. Honington ! Newb, Great Wolford.

8. Alne. Lanes about Claverdon.

9. Arrow. The Rough at Alcester Mill, Purt, i. 302. Spernall ; Coughton ;

Wire Hill. ID. Cherwell. Spinney, Famborough.

C impatiens, Linn, impatient-podded Lady's Smock,

Top. Bot. 41. Purt. i. 304. Syme,E. B. i. 161. 112.

Native ; in woods and cultivated grounds. Rare. A. May-June.

First record. New Botanist's Guide. Bree^ Cat,^ 1837.

3. Anker. Hartshill Wood ! Blox. Phyt, iii. 324. Hartshill, July, 1843,

F. Townsend, Herb. Per,

4. Avon. Harborough Magna, Blox, Garden weed, Bridge End, Warwick,

Brom,

** It has been found in Warwickshire." Syme, E. B. i. 162.

[** Alyssum incanum^ Linn. Casual, in corn and other cultivated fields,* Boldmere, near Sutton, 1874. Railway banks, Sutton Park, 1877. In a field at Emscote, near Warwick, Brom,]

[**A, calycinumy Linn. Casual in a field at Myton, Brom,'\

EROPHILA. DC,

E. vulgaris, DC, Whitlow Grass.

Draba verna, L. Top. Bot. 38. Purt. i. 300. Syme, E. B. i. 189. 134. Native ; walls, roofs, and heathy waysides. Locally common. A. March

to May. First record. Perry, Herb. Perry, 1813.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Middleton ; Arley.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath ;, Great Packington ; Marston Green.

3. Anker. Hartshill Priory ; Nuneaton Priory ; Mancetter.

4. Avon. Whitnash ; Chesterton, Y, and B, Abbot's Salford ! Caswell.

Lighthome, Miss Palmer, Milverton ; Warwick.

5. Leam. Harbury ; Southam ; Marton.

6. Sow. Binley; Wyken.

7. Stour. Honington ; Blackwell, &c., F, Taamsend. Idlicote ; Whatcote ;

Oxhill ; Tysoe ; Cherrington ; Long Compton ; Great Wolford.

8. Alne. Kingswood ; Claverdon ; Snitterfield.

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EROPHILA. — SISYMBRIUM. 21

9. Arrow. Coughton ; Spernall ; Morton Bagot.

10. Cherwell. Walls, Warmington ; Sbotswell ; Farnborough ; Wormleigh- ton.

E. prsBCOX, DC,

Draba brachycarpa. Top. Bot. 38. Syme, E. B. i. 190. 134. f. 2. Native ; thatched roofs, old walls. Rare. A. March to May.

2. Blythr. Abundant on the thatch of an old shed at Bedlam's End, 1874.

5. Leam. Walls, Harbury Village, 1874.

6. Sow. Old wall at Kenilworth I Dr, R, L, Baker. Peaty grounds, the

Pleasaunce, Kenilworth, Mrs. A, Russell in Herb. Carroll. Brit. Mus., 1874, labelled Draba vema, var. injlata.

[•• Cochlearia Armoracia^ Linn. Artnoracia rusticana^ Bab. Horse-radish.

Port. i. 299. Syme, E. B. i. 183. 129.

Alien ; river banks and waste places. Very local. P. March to July.

First record, Purt., Midland Flora, 1817.

1. Tame. Railway banks near Sutton ; clay pits, Erdington ; Water Orton.

2. Blythe. Near Coleshill ; Berkswell ; Earlswood.

3. Anker. Weddington, on the banks of the Anker.

4. Avon. Between Lawford and Rugby, Baxter^ MS. Guy's Cliff; Myton ;

Hatton Rock, Brom. Bilton, near Rugby ; Stratford-on-Avon.

5. Leam. Railway near Marton.

7. Stour. Shipston, several places; between Stratford and Alderminster,

Eatington, Newb. Ilmington. 9. Arrow. On the River Arrow near Oversley Bridge ! Purt. i. 299.]

\**Hesperis matronalisy L. Darnels Violet.

Syme, E. B. i. 150. 103.

Casual ; river banks. Rare. P. June.

First record, Perry, MS.

2. Blythe. Packwood, i^iw Tonks,

4. Avon. Emscote, canal bank, Broni.; doubtfully wild in enclosure, Bilton

Road, Rugby School Rep.^ 1877. Avon side near Stratford-on-Avon.

5. Leam. Between the mill and River Leam, Leamington, Pcfry^ MS.

7. Stour. In several places by the Stour, from Tib Bridge to below Treding- ton ; quite naturalised. I have known it abundant for thirty years in many places on both sides of the Stour. F. Townsend in litt. ]

SISYMBRIUM. Linn.

S. Thalianum, Gay. Thale Cress.

Arabis thaliana, L. Top. Bot. 41. Purt. i. 311. Syme, E. B. i. 163, 115. Native ; roadsides, walls, and fields. Common. A. March to May. First record, Purton, Midland Flora, 181 7.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Solihull ; Coleshill.

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22 SISYMBRIUM. — ERYSIMUM.

3. Anker. Shuttington, &c

4. Avon. Warwick, &c.

5. Leam. Walls, Birdingbury ; Marton.

6. Sow. Coventry ; Allesley ; Willenhall.

7. Stour. Great Wolford ; Tysoe.

8. Alne. Ciaverdon ; Snitterfield.

9. Arrow. Coughton; Sambourn ; Oversley, Purt. i. 311. Studley. 10. Cherwell. Stone walls, Farnborough. Shotswell.

S. officinale^ Scop, Erysimum officinale^ Linn. Hedge Mustard.

Top. Bot. 45. Purt. i. 304. Syme, E. B. i. 143. 96.

Native ; banks, roadsides, Ac. Common. P. May to September.

First known record, the Author, Flora of Sutton Park, 1876.

Throughout the county.

5. Sophia, Linn, Flixweed,

Top. Bot. 46. Purt. i. 308. Syme, E. B. i. 145. 98. Native ; old walls and rubbish heaps. Rare. A. June. First record, Purt., Midland Flora, 181 7.

2. Blythe. In a brickyard at Bedlam's End.

4. Avon. In a brickyard near My ton ; railway, near Warwick ; brickyard,

Milverton ; Brom,

6. Sow. Kenilworth Castle, Cox, Herb, Per, Garden weed at Ansty,

Adams, 9. Arrow. Studley Castle, and at Dunnington, Purt, i. 308.

5. Alliaria, Scop, Erysimum Alliaria, Linn. Sauce Alone, Hedge Garlic,

Top. Bot. 47. Purt. i. 305. Syme, E. B. i. 146. 100. Native ; roadsides, banks, <fec. Common. B. April to June. First record, the Author, Flora of Sutton Park, 1876.

Common throughout the county.

ERYSIMUM. Linn.

E. Cheiranthoides, Linn, Treacle Mustard,

Top. Bot. 47. Purt. iii. 56. Syme, E. B. i. 149. 102. Colonist ; osier holts, fields. Rare. June-July. First record. Top. Bot., Mrs. Russell.

1. Tame. Oscott College grounds^ Caswell, Garden weed at Wylde Green.

2. Blythe. Borders of shrubbery. Manor, Hampton-in-Arden ! Rogers.

4. Avon. Myton, Brom.y field in the Lawford Road, plentiful in an enclosure in the Newbold Road. Rugby Sch. Rep., 1867.

6. Sow. Kenilworth, Brom.

Probably of more frequent occurrence than appears from this record, but growing most firequently in gardens escapes notice.

[**E, orientate, R. Br. Waste Ground, Milverton, June, 1888, H, Brotnwich, Exch, Club Rep,, 1888, loi.]

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ERYSIMUM. — BRASSICA. 2$

**Camelina sativa, Crantz. Gold of Pleasure,

Syme, £. B. i. 199, 141.

Casual ; railway banks and fields. Rare, and of uncertain occurrence. A. May-June.

I. Tame. Var. a,foetida, Fries. Railway banks, Sutton Park, 1877-78. 6. Sow. Var. b, sylvestris. Fern Hill Woods, JBrom,

BRASSICA, Linn. [*B. NapuSi Linn. Wild Navew, Coleweed,

Purt. i. 314. Syme, E. B. i. 133. 88.

Colonist ; banks and fields, the remains of cultivation. Local. B. May to

August. First record, Purton, Midland Flora, 181 7.

I. Tame. Railway banks, Sutton Park, 1876.

3. Anker. Weddington; Hartshill; Nuneaton.

4. Avon. Stratford-on-Avon.

6. Sow. Borders of cornfields, Kenil worth, Brom, Cornfields, Binley.

7. Stour. Honington, A/kw<^. Little Wolford.

8. Alne. Claverdon, Preston Bagot.

9. Arrow. Arrow, hedge bank, road leading to Cookhill, Purt, i. 314.

Banks of Arrow, Broom. 10. Cherwell. Avon Dassett.]

[*B. Rutabaga, DC? Swede Turnip.

B, campestrisj L. Sjnme, E. B. i. 134. 89. Occurs as a casual in cultivated ground.

Abundant on the new railway bank, Sutton Park, 1877. Budbrook, near Warwick; Great Wolford, 1886; Avon Dassett, 1886; Edge Hill, near Ratley, 1887. Probably a remains from former cultivation in most instances.]

B. Rapa, Linn, mid Turnip,

Purt. i. 315. Syme, E. B. i. 135. 90.

Colonist ; fields and banks. Local. B. May to July.

First record. Dr. Lloyd, Herb. Perry, 1833.

1. Tame. Railway banks, Sutton Park.

2. Blythe. Marston Green, in fields.

3. Anker. Borders of wood near Bentley Park ; Nuneaton ; Shuttington ;

Bramcote Hall.

4. Avon. Railway banks, near Warwick.

5. Leam> Near Ufton Wood ; near Harbury ; Whitnash.

7. Stour. Great Wolford, on hedge banks ; near Ilmington.

8. Alne. Billesley, near Alcester.

9. Arrow. Fields at Sambourn.

10. Cherwell. Field at Avon Dassett.

Var. d, sylvestris, H. C. Watson. Rare or overlooked.

4. Avon. By Fisher*s Brook, near Warwick, Brom,

5. Leam. Near Radford Semele, Brom, Ufton.

10. Cherwell. Near Ratley, Edge Hill.

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24 BRASSICA . — DIPLOTAXIS.

B. nlgrSLf /^ocA. Black Mustard,

Top. Bot. 49. Purt. i. 316. Syme, E. B. i. 126. 85.

Native ; cultivated fields and roadsides. Local. A. June to September.

First record, Purton, Midland Flora, 1817, Sinapis nigra^ L.

3. Anker. Canal side, near Caldecote Mill ; road from Austrey to Warton.

Very rare in this district ; not more than a casual.

4. Avon. Whitnash. K and B, Lighthorne, Miss Palmer. Cawston, near

Rugby, Trott. Cornfields, Bidford ; Binton ; Bilton, near Rugby.

5. Leam. Wappenbury ; cornfields, Harbury ; Ufton ; Radford Semele ;

Whitnash Pastures.

6. Sow. Cornfields, near Kenilworth.

7. Stour. Abundant near Honington, especially near the Stour, Newb,

Halford ; Great Wolford ; Barton-on-the-Heath ; Lower Eatington ; Tysoe.

8. Alne. Alne End, near Great Alne ; Billesley ; Wilmcote.

9. Arrow. In a field at Exhall ! near Rose Hall ! Purt. i. 310. Spernall ;

Sambourn; Studley. 10. Cherwell. Cornfields, Warmington ; Avon Dassett.

B. Sinapis, Visiani. Common Charlock. Catlick,

Sinapis atvensis, L. Top. Bot. 48. Purt. i. 309. B. sinapistrum^ Bois.

Syme, E. B. i. 124. 83. Native ; fields and roadsides. Very common throughout the county. A.

April to September. First record, the Author, Flora of Sutton Park, 1876.

B. alba, Bois. IVhite Mustard.

Top. Bot. 48. Purt. i. 310. Syme, E. B. i. 125. 84. Colonist ; in cultivated ground. Rare, A. June to August. First record, Purton, Midland Flora, Sinapis alba^ L., 181 7.

3.' Anker. Bramcote Hall ; Attlebury fields ; Alvecote ; field near Bulkington. 4. Avon. Rare about Rugby, Hill Morton, Baxter, MSS. Stoneleigh, T. Kirk. Common in turnip fields, Bilton ! Rugby Sch. Rep., 1877.

6. Sow. Roadside, near Worsley Bridge.

7. Stour. Field near Great Wolford ; Wimpstone Fields.

8. Alne. Grafton, Purt. i. 310.

9. Arrow. Cornfields, Sambourn.

[** B, Erucastrum^ Vill., occurred as a casual on railway banks in Sutton Park in 1877, but only for one season.]

DIPLOTAXIS. DC.

D. tenuifolia, DC. Wall Rocket.

Top. Bot. 50. Purt. i. 308. Syme, E. B. i. 139. 93.

Denizen ; old walls, rubbish. Rare. P. June.

First record, Purton, Midland Flora, Sisymbrium tenuifolium, L., 1817.

8. Alne. Kinwarton, Purt. i. 308.

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DIPLOTAXIS.— OAPSELLA. — SBNEBIBRA. — LEPIDIUM.* 25

D. muraliS, DC. Wcdl Rocket. Sand Rocket,

Top. Bot. 51. Syme, E. B. i. 140. 94.

Denizen ; old walls and sandy places. Rare. A. June to August.

First record, Bromwich, Top. Bot.

4. Avon. Railway banks, Myton ! Whitnash, Brotn.

5. Lbam. Harbury, Brom, Old walls, Fenny Compton.

Var. BaMngtonii^ Syme. Railway banks, Myton, and walls, Fenny Compton, with the type.

CAPSELLA. Moench.

C. Bursa-pastOFiS, Moench. Shepherd's Purse.

Top. Bot. 31. (Thlaspi^ L.) Part. i. 297. Syme, E. B. i. 211. 152. Native ; fields, banks, and waysides. Very common throughout the county. A.

March to November. Two varieties occur: (i) with entire leaves,

(2) with pinnatifid leaves. Ekjually common. First looriised record, Rugby Sch. Report, 1868.

SENEBIERA. DC. S, CoronopUS. Poir. Swine's Cress.

Cochlearia Coronopus^ L. Purt. i. 299. Coronopus Rueiiii^ All. Top. Bot. 29.

Syme, E. B. i. 221. 160. Native ; waysides and fields. Local. A. or B. June to August. First record, Kirk. Top. Bot., 1858.

2. Bly'I'HE. Hampton -in. Arden, near Bradnock's Marsh.

4. Avon. Harborough Magna, Biox. Lighthorne, Miss PcUnier. Burton

Dassett, K and B. Warwick, canal bank ! Brom, Abbot's Salford, Caswell Little Lawford, Rugby Sch. Report, 1887. Steeple Hill, Bidford ; Binton.

5. Leam. Princethorpe ; Offchurch ; Birdingbury ; Ufton ; Long Itchington.

6. Sow. Lane to Coventry, above Tile Hill Railway Station.

7. Stour. Blackwell ; Honington, Newb, Ilmington.

8. Alne. Waysides, Billesley.

9. Arrow. Ipsley ! T, J, Slatter, Cold Comfort, near Alcester ; Alcester

Heath. 10. Cherwell. Near Ratley, Edge Hill.

[••5. didyma, Pers., occurs as a garden weed at Myton, Brom. but has no claim to be considered as naturalised.]

LEPIDIUM. Linn.

[**Z. ruderakt Linn. Narrow-leaved Pepperwort.

Syme, E. B. i. 214. 154.

Casual ; in fields and waste places. Rare. A. June to September.

First record, H. Bromwich, 1876.

6. Sow. Knowle Hill, Kenilworth, introduced with skins, Brom. Garden weed at Ansty, Adams. Rick yard at Kenilworth. Introduced.]

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26 LEPIDIUM. — THLASPI.

L. Campestre, ^. Br, MUkridate Mustard,

Top. Bot. 33. Thlaspi, Sib., Purt i. 297. Syme, E. B. i. 216. 156. Native ; fields and waysides. Common. B. June to August. First record, Ick, Anal, 1837.

1. Tame. Castle Bromwich, Ick^ AnaLy 1837. Sutton Park ; Middleton ;

Wylde Green.

2. Blythe. Knowle ; Solihull ; Earlswood.

3. Anker. Hartshill ; Mancetter ; Caldecote ; &c.

4. Avon. Warwick ; Bidford ; Salford ; Red Hill ; Alveston.

5. Leam. Princethorpe ; Marten ; Birdingbury ; Ufton.

6. Sow. Stoke ; Wyken ; Combe Fields.

7. Stour. Honington, Newb. Wimpstone Fields.

8. Alne. Alne Hill ; Billesley ; Aston Cantlow ; Lapworth Street.

9. Arrow. Ipsley ; Samboum ; Morton Bagot. 10. Cherwell. Famborough ; Avon Dassett.

L. Smithii) Hook, L, heterophyllum, B. Smooth Field Pepperwort,

Top. Bot. 32. Syme, E. B. i. 217, 157.

Native ; on heathy footways. Rare. P. June to August.

First record, Bree, Cat. Warwickshire, New Botanist's Guide, 1835.

1. Tame. Kingsbury, y. B. Stone. Near Sutton Park, Grove.

2. Blythe. Temple Balsall, 1835, Peny^ MS. Balsall Common, Tyter,

Herb, Per, Thinly spread on heathy footways from Coleshill to Atherstone.

3. Anker. Footways near Merivale ; and Bentley.

4. Avon. Abbot's Salford, Cojw^W. Red Hill, near Alcester.

['Z. Drabay Linn. Whitlow Pepperwort,

Syme, E. B. i. 218. 158. Comp. Cyb. 481.

Casual ; banks and fields. Very rare. P. June-July.

First record, the Author, Midland Naturalist, iv. 193, 1881.

I. Tame. Abundant on the border of a field near Bromford Forge, where it

has been established for many years, 1878. 4. Avon. In a field at Drayton, near Stratford -on -Avon, sparingly.]

THLASPI. Linn,

T. arvense> Linn, Penny Cress, Treacle Mustard,

Top. Bot. 30. Purt. i. 297. Syme, E. B. i. 202. 144.

Colonist ; arable land, waysides and waste heaps. Local. A. May to August.

First record, Thlaspi Dioscoridis^ Ger. Kingsbury, Ray Catalogus, 1670.

1. Tame. Kingsbury, Ray Cat. 295.

2. Blythe. Field by roadside leading from Meriden to Stonebridge ; way-

sides near Meriden, 1880 ; Bradnock's Marsh. 4. Avon. Salford, Purt i. 298. Saltisford, Warwick, Perry Fl, 54. Whit- nash Fields, Baynes^ MS., 1831 ; Harborough Magna ! Blox. Chesterton; Moreton Morrell, Brom. Lighthorne, Bolton King, Canal near Clif- ton, Rugby School Rep,, 1889, Tachbrook ; near Loxley, Compton Verney ; Bidford ; Brandon.

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THLASPl. — TEBSDALI A. — RHAPH ANUS. 2 ^

5. Leam. Birdingbury; Offchurch; Frankton ; Radford Semele; Snowford Bridge, abundantly ; Marton ; Stockton.

7. Stour. Wimpstone Fields, 1886.

8. Alne. Alne Hills, Purt,, i. 298; Billesley.

9. Arrow. Alcester Heath, abundant, 1886. 10. Cherwell. Farnborough Field.

{Thlaspi perfoliatum^ Linn. Stone walls, Kineton, Warwickshire., Hooker and Amott, Ed. 5, page 32. Is probably an error, Kynton, Gloucestershire, being possibly the locality meant by these authors. See G. S. Boulger, Linn. Proceed, xvi. 186.)

*Iberis amara, z. CandytufL

Top. Bot. 32. Syme, E. B. i. 207. 149. Casual ; arable land. Very rare. A. July. First record, Kirk, Phyt. ii. 769.

5. Leam. Railway bank, Marton. A casual.

6. Sow. In a ditch at Exhall, near Coventry, T. Kirk^ Phyt, ii. 769. 8. Alne. Field between Stratford and Bishopton, Cheshire^ Herb Per,

TEESDALIA. R. Br,

T. nudieauliS, R, Br, shepherds Cress.

Top. Bot. 31. Purt. i. 301. Syme, B. i. 209. 150. Native ; banks and heathy footways. Very rare. A. May-June. First record, Countess of Aylesford, Botanist's Guide, 1805. 3eris nudi- caulis^ L.

1. Tame. Oscott College Grounds ! Caswell. Old Chester Road, 1868.

2. Blythe. By the side of the road, near Packington, where it divides to

Coleshill and Castle Bromwich ! Countess of Aylesford^ Bot, Guide^ ii. 635. Coleshill Heath, Purt,, i. 301. This was still in existence as late as 1869 ; bank, footway from Marston Green to Elmdon, 1870 ; extinct in both localities now, I believe. 4. Avon. Sandstone rock, Milverton, Perry List, 18 17. Hill Morton Road, near Rugby, Rugby Sch. Rep., 1877.

RHAPHANUS. Linn.

R. Rhaphanistpum, ZiV^M. mid Radish,

Top. Bot. 51. Purt. i. 312. Syme, E. B. i. 120. 81.

Colonist ; cornfields and cultivated lands. Local. A. June to August.

First record, Cheshire, Herb. Perry, 1854.

1. Tame. Walmley, Caswell. Near Ashfurlong House, near Sutton Cold-

field ; Hill, near Sutton Coldfield.

2. Blythe. Near Hill Bickenhill ; near Coleshill ; cornfield, by Chelmsley

Wood ; Little Packington ; Bannersley Rough ; Balsall Common.

3. Anker. Gulley*s Gap, near Stockingford ; near Austrey.

4. Avon. Whitnash, Y. and B. Fern Hill ! Brom. Lighthorne, Miss

Palmer, Stratford-on-Avon ! Cheshire. Drayton.

6. Sow. Kenilworth ; Ansty.

7. Stour. Honington ; Willington, with yellow flowers, Newb. Fields,

Great Wolford ; Eatington ; Barton-on-the-Heath ; Lower Tysoe.

8. Alne. Wilmcote ; field, near Lowson Ford.

9. Arrow. Peafield at Dunnington.

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28 RESEDA. — HELIANTHEMUM.

Ord. VII. RESEDACE^.

RESEDA. Linn,

[••i?. alba, Linn.

R. suffruiiculosa, L. Syme, E. B. ii. 3. 163. Comp. Cyb. 485. Casual ; arable land and waste places. Rare. P. July.

4. Avon. Harborough Magna, Blox. Garden weed, Myton, Brom, 6. Sow. On the ground, from which eight or ten feet of surface soil had been removed, at the New Waterworks, Coventry. Kirk,, Phyt, ii. 709.]

A mere remains or escape from cultivation.

\,*R, lutea, Linn. Wild Mignonette,

Syme, E. B. ii. 2. 162.

Casual ; waste ground and railway banks. Rare. P. June to August. First record, Rev. Andrew Bloxam, 1874.

4. Avon. Near Rugby, Blox., 1874. On the Leamington railway bank, near Rugby, Rugby Sch. Rep., 1874.]

I believe both these records refer to the same station ; the plant has no claim to be considered as more than a casual weed in this county.

R. Luteola, Linn. Dyer's Rocket. Weld,

Top. Bot. 51. Purt. i. 229. Syme, E. B. ii. 4. 164.

Native; walls, roadsides, and waste ground. Local. B. June to August.

First record, Perry List, 1817. Unlocalised.

1. Tame. Hill, near Sutton ; railway banks, Sutton Park.

2. Blythe. Kiiowle.

4. Avon. Salford, Purt, i. 229. Emscote, Per, Fl, 85. Tachbrook, Y, and B, Chesterton ! Bolton King. Lighthorne, Miss Palnur. Near Little Lawford Mill ! Rugby Sch, Rep., 1876. Hill Morton, ballast pits, Rugby Sch, Rep., 1889. Borders of Oakley Wood ; Edge Hill, near Radway ; near Luddington ; near Bidford ; Banbury Road, near Stratford-on- Avon ; Burton Dassett.

6. Sow. Ruins of Kenilworth Castle.

7. Stour. Shipston-on-Stour, road from Stratford, Newb, Atherstone-on-

Stour. 9. Arrow. On the hedge bank, in the turnpike road, at the New Inn, Purt,

i. 229. Morton Bagot, Slatter. ID. Cherwell. Near Warmington Church.

Ord. VIII. CISTINE2E.

HELIANTHEMUM. Pers.

H. ChamSBeiStUS, Mill, Rock Rose.

H, vulgare, G. Top. Bot. 52. Syme, E. B. ii. 10. 168.

Native ; wood and banks, in marly and calcareous soils. Local. S. June

to August. First record, Perry List, 1817, Cistus Helianthemum, L.

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HELIANTHEMUM. — VIOLA. 29

4. Avon. Between Warwick and Hatton, Perry List^ 1817. Beausale, on

the top of the Scar, near Hampton Lucy, 1832, Baynes, Chesterton, Fullbrook, Y. and B. Abbot's Salford, Caswell, Near Chesterton Wood, Bolton King, Edge Hill, near Radway ; Green's Grove, Hatton.

5. Leam. Near Bascote Heath, 1832, Baynes^ MS,

8. Alne. Billesley ; Austey Wood, near Wootton Wawcn ; banks, near

Bearley Cross.

9. Arrow. Near Rose Hall ; Exhall ; Ovcrsley Wood ; Wixford. 10. Cherwell. Near Ratley, Edge Hill.

Ord. IX. VIOLARIEiE.

VIOLA. Linn,

V. palttStriS, Linn, Marsh Violet,

Top. Bot. 53. Purt. ii. 416. Syme, E. B. ii. 13. 170.

Native ; damp woods, marshes, and bogs. Very local. P. April to June.

First record. Withering, Botanical Arrangement, Ed. 2. 1787.

1. Tame. Bogs, on Birmingham Heath, With. Ed. 2. ii. 954. Sulton Park,

very abundant. Hill Wood, near Sutton ; Trick ley Coppice and New Park, Middleton ; Plant's Brook, Minworth.

2. Blythe. B(^, at Coleshill Pool, Bree in Purt. ii. 416. Coleshill Heath,

Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. 160. Coleshill Bog ; bog, at Hill Bicken- hill ; Chelmsley Wood, 1883 ; Brown's Wood, Solihull.

3. Anker, Heathland, near Atherstone Outwoods, 1884. 6. Sow. Combe Wood, Rugby Sch. Rep., 1886. Allesley. 8. Alne. Marshy places in Haywood.

The apetalous flowers are abundant until late in the autumn, and appear to be the principal source of the seeds.

V. Odoratai Linn, Swut Violet,

Top. Bot. 54. Purt. ii. 415. Syme, E. B. ii. 14. 171.

Native ; woods and banks, in old lanes. Locally common. P. February to

April. First record. Perry, Plantge Selectae, 1820, Viola odorata, L.

1. Tame. Lane from Sutton to Middleton ; Wishaw ; Arley.

2. Blythe. Lanes about Sheldon ; Elmdon ; Stonebridge ; Knowle ; Shirley

Heath.

3. Anker. Near Austrey ; Weddington.

4. Avon. Var. Plore incamato. On an old wall facing LevenhuU (or Linen)

Lane, Warwick, Per. Fl. 20. Sherborne ; Wellesbourn Hastings ; Compton Verney ; Friz Hill.

5. Leam. In a hedge, in Stone-quarry Field, Leamington ; by the footpath,

leading to Emscote, Sm. in Per. Fl. 20.

6. Sow. Flore cameo Allesley, Bree in Purt. iii. 377. Corley ; Hopsford

near Ansty.

7. Stour. Honington, Newb. Lanes and pastures, Lower Eatington ; Ilming-

ton ; Brailes ; Atherstone-on-Stour.

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30 VIOLA.

8. Alnr. Lane near Rowington Church ; Holywell near Claverdon.

9. Arrow. Morton Bagot ; Spemall ; Greenhill Green ; Middletown ;

Wetherley ; Upper Spemall ; Ipsley. 10. Cherwell. Near Warmington Church ; Famborough.

Var. b, alba (Auct.)*

1. Tame. Plant's Brook, near Min worth.

2. Blythe. Marston Green, Grave,

4^ Avon. Saltisford, Warwick, Per. FL 20. In several places near Warwick, Perry, Mag, Nat. Hist, ii. 269. Lighthorne, Miss Palmer,

6. Sow. AUesley, Bree in Purt, iii. 377.

7. Stour. • Near Shipston-on-Stour, Beesley^ History of Banbury^ ^^d^ 1841.

Near Ilmington, F. Townsend.

8. Alne. Lane near Rowington Church ; Holywell, near Claverdon.

9. Arrow. Upper Spemall.

Var. cpermixtay Jord. Very rare.

4. Avon. Fosseway, Compton Verney, 1884.

V. hiPta, Linn, Hairy Violet,

Top. ?ot. 55. Syme, E. B. ii. 17, 172.

Native; woods and banks in marly and calcareous soils. Locally

common. P. March to May. First record. Rev. J. Gorle, 1835.

2. Blythe. Sheldon, 1835, Gorle.

4. Avon. Bidford, Bree^ Mag, Nat. Hist. iii. 163. Roadside on the hill

between Hampton -on-the-Hill and Norton Lindsay ; on a hill on the Banbury Road 2j^ miles from Warwick, Perty^ MS, Common at Harborough Magna, Blox, MS, Lighthorne, Miss Palmer, Common about Chadshunt, Bolton King, Hatton, Brom. Near Stratford-on- Avon on the Warwick Road ; Hatton Rock near Hampton Lucy ; lanes near Warwick ; Sherborne ; Kineton ; abundant in Chesterton Wood.

5. Leam. Birdingbury, Bree^ Mag, Nat. Hist. iii. 163. Bishop's Tachbrook.

6. Sow. Near Ansty, Blox. MS.

7. Stour. Honington ! Newb, Lower Eatington ; Halford.

8. Alne. Drayton Bushes ; lane from Bearley Cross to Aston Cantlow ; lane

near Wootton Wawen ; Wawen's Moor, near Henley-in-Arden.

9. Arrow. Exhall ; Old Park, near Cookhill. 10. Cherwell. Wormleighton Reservoir.

Var. alba,

4. Avon. Chadshunt, Bolton King,

8. Alne. Lane from Aston Cantlow to Wootton Wawen.

This plant is not recorded by Purton from Warwickshire. It occurs in several places near Alcester.

V. sylvatica, Fr. Dog Violet,

V. Riviniana, Rchb. Top. Bot. 56. Syme, E. B. ii. 19. 173.

Native ; woods, banks, and heaths. Common. P. April to June. First record, Bree, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1828.

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VIOLA. 31

This occurs throughout the county. A form with pure white flowers is recorded from near Coleshill Pool by Bree, mag. Nat. Hist. i. 392. I have also found this form on Bentley Heath. A variety with large blue flowers and small leaves is occasional on sandy heaths, as at Coleshill Heath and Sutton Park. This is pro- bably V.Jlavicomis, Forst,

V. Reichenbaehiana, Boreau.

Top. Bot. 56. Syme, E. B. ii. 20. 174.

Native ; banks and woods in marly and calcareous soils. Local. P. April

to June. First record. Kirk, Topc^aphical Botany, 1858.

1. Tame. Lanes about Arley ; FiUongley ; Over Whitacre ; and Hurley.

2. Blythe. Shirley ; Bentley Heath.

3. Anker. Seas Wood, Arbury ; Bentley ; Hartshill Hayes ; Swan Lane,

Nuneaton.

4. Avon. Abundant, Chesterton Wood ; Alveston Pastures ; Compton

Verney.

5. Leam. Ufton Wood, abundant ; Princethorpe Wood.

6. Sow. Corley Ash.

7. Stour. Lower Eatington ; Whichford ; Great Wolford ; Wimpstone.

8. Alne. Rowington ; Lapworth Street ; Drayton Rough Moors ; Preston

Bagot ; Wawen*s Moor, near Henley-in-Arden ; Bearley ; Snitter- field.

9. Arrow. Old Park, near Cookhill ; lanes about Wixford and Exhall.

10. Cherwell. Fox Cover, near Farnborough ; spinney below Compton Quarry ; Avon Dassett, abundant.

V. canina, Linn. Dog Violet,

Top. Bot. 57. Syme, E. B. ii. 21. 175.

Native ; heaths and heathy waysides. Local. P. April to June. First record, the Author, V. flanjicomiSy Sm. Proc. Birm. Nat. Hist. Society, ii. 1870.

1. Tame. Heath lands, Sutton Park, very local.

2. Blythe. Widely distributed over Coleshill Heath ; near Coleshill Pool ;

and Stonebridge.

3. Anker. Heath land near Shuttington Bridge.

4. Avon. Milverton, Y. and B.

6. Sow. V. lactea. Kersley Common ; Radford, near Coventry, Kirk^

Herb. Per.

7. Stour. Near Shipston-on-Stour ; St. Dennis ; Honington, F. Townsend,

8. Alne. Yamingale Common.

A large form occurs on Coleshill Heath, which is similar to Mr. Kirk's specimen from Kersley Common. I think it is merely a form of V. canina.

V. tricolor, Linn. Heart' s-ease. Wild Pansy.

Top. Bot. 57. Syme, E. B. ii. 24. 178.

Native ; cultivated land and railway banks. Locally common. A. or B.

April to October. First known record, the Author, Proceed. Birm. Nat. Hist. Society, 1869.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Boldmere ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath ; Solihull.

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32 VIOLA. — POLYGALA.

3. Anker. Nuneaton ; Shuttington ; Caldecote.

4. Avon. ( F, Pailouxii, Honiley ; Myton, K and £,) Lightborne, Boltm

King.

5. Leam. Marton, near Southam ; Upton.

6. Sow. Near Ansty ; Allesley.

7. Stour. Near the turn for Tysoe from Compton Wynyates.

8. Alne. Drayton Bushes ; Billesley.

9. Arrow. Sambourn; Coughton.

10. Cherwell. Fallow Fields, near Famborough.

Var. arvensis, Murr. Field Pansy,

Syme, E. B. ii. 25, 179.

Native ; cultivated ground, banks and waste places. Common throughout the county. A. April to midwinter.

Ord. X. POLYGALE^. POLYGALA. Linn,

P. vulgaris, Linn, Milkwort,

Purt iii. 371. Syme, E. B. ii. 35. 185.

Native ; grassy waysides and meadows. Local. P. May to September.

First record, Perry, Plantae Selectae, 1820.

1. Tame. Grassy places, Sutton Park.

2. Blythe. Vars. flore albo snd^ore cameo, Coleshill Heath, Bree^ Purt, iii.

371. , Coleshill Bog, Ick^ Anal,^ 1837. Canal side near Solihull ; lane by Shelly Coppice ; near Berkswell.

3. Anker. Atherstone Outwoods.

4. Avon. Turnpike road from Warwick to Stratford at the turn to Snitter-

field ! Per, FL 60.

5. Leam. Bishop'^ Itchington, Bolton King,

6. Sow. Combe Fields; Allesley; Corley Woods.

7. Stour. Great Wolford.

8. Alne. Wawen's Moor ; Yarningale Common ; Bearley ; Lapworth Street.

9. Arrow. Wire Hill ; and near Alcester.

P. oxyptera, ReiM,

Syine, E. B. ii. 36. 186.

Native ; very rare or overlooked. P. June.

First record, F. Townsend, Esq., in litt., 1880.

7. Stour. Near Honington Hall; Shipston-on-Stour, F Toivnsend, Wol- ford Heath.

P. sePpyllaeea, IVeike. Milkwort,

Top. Bot. 61. Syme, E. B. ii. 38. 187.

Native ; heaths and heathy footpaths. Common. P. April to September.

First record, the Author, Flora of Sutton Park, 1876. P, depressa, W.

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POLYGALA. — DIANTHUS. — SAPONARIA. 33

1 . Tamb. Sutton Park, white, purple, and blue forms ; Ballard's Green, near

Arley ; Arley Wood.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath ; Solihull ; Earlswood.

3. Ankbr. Atherstone Outwoods ; Baddesley Ensor ; Baxterley Heath ;

Hartshill.

6. Sow. Kenilworth Heath ; Sow Waste.

7. Stour. Heath lands near Wolford Heath.

8. Alnb. Yarningale Common.

9. Arrow. Heathy pastures, Sambourn ; Middletown ; Coughton Park.

Ord. XI. CARYOPHYLLEi*:.

DIANTHUS. Unn,

D. Armeria, Linn. Deptford Pink,

Top. Bot. 62. Purt. i. 207. Syme, E. B. ii. 45. 191. Native ; fields and banks. Very rare. P. July. First record, Perry List, 181 7.

4. Avon. Hampton-on- the- Hill, between Warwick and Norton, Perry List, 1817. Sent by Mr. Webb, from a hill at Sherborne, Perry, MS, September, 1829. My ton, Brom,

6. Sow. Burton Green, Brotn,

7. Stour. Rectory garden, Shipston, Newb,

9. Arrow. On a hedge l^mk, leading from Coughton fields to Great Alne, Purt i. 208.

[** D, deltoides, Linn., occurs in a semi-wild state in Oscott College grounds, very sparingly now, but formerly abundant, Ccuwell, Roman Camp, near Chesterton, Herb. Perry,]

SAPONARIA. Linn.

[** S. Vaccaria^ Linn.

Casual; on the new railway banks, in Sutton Park, 1877. Borders of fields, near Waverley Woods ; Cubbington. Abundant. Broni,^ Herb, Perry, 1876. Railway banks, Milverton, 1888, H, Bromwich, Exch, Club Rep,, 1888, 202.]

*S. officinalis, /^iV{». Soap Wort,

Purt. i. 208. Syme, E. B. ii. 53. 197.

Denizen ; banks and waste places. Rare. P. July-August.

First record, Purton, Midland Flora, 18 17.

I. Tame. Moxhall, Power, MS,

4. Avon. Naturalised in a hedge, at the corner of a field that was formerly a

garden, about a quarter of a mile firom Rugby, on the road to Burby.

July, 1 83 1. Baxter, B, F, 37. Harborough Magna, Blox. 9. Arrow. Hedge bank, at Dunnington, Purt, i. 208.

« Var. b, hybrida. Mill. Beausale Common, Broni,

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34 SILENE. — LYCHNIS.

SILENE. Linn.

S. CueubalUS, IVibel, S. inflata, Sm. Bladder Campion,

Top. Bot. 64. Purt. i. 241. Syme, E. B. ii. 56. 199. Native ; banks and fields. Local. P. June to August. First record, Ick, Analyst, 1837, .S". inflata^ Sm.

1. Tamk. Erdington Road ! Saltley, Ick.AnaU^ 1837. Sutton Park, Middle-

ton ; Boldmere ; Witton.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath ; Marston Green ; Small Heath.

3. Anker. Near Hartshill Wood. Rare in this district.

4. Avon. Cornfields, adjoining Blue Boar Lane, Rugby Sch, Rep, Emscote ;

Moreton Morrell ; railway bank, near Bidford.

5. Leam. Stockton ; near Birdingbury Wharf ; Fenny Compton. 7. Stour. Tysoe Field, Lower Tysoe. Abundant.

10. Cherwell. Avon Dassett ; near Ratley, Edge Hill.

Var. puberula^ Syme.

2. Blythe. Bannersley Rough, near Coleshill. 4. Avon. Moreton Morrell ; Red Hill, Brom, 10. Cherwell. Avon Dassett, growing with the type.

* S. anglica, Linn, English Catchfty,

Top. Bot. 65. Syme, E. B. ii. 60. 202.

Alien ; sandy fields and railway banks. Rare. A. June-July.

First record, Kirk, Herb. Perry, 1848.

1. Tame. Abundant on the new railway banks, Sutton Park, 1877-79.

2. Blythe. Abundant in a sandy field, below the junction of the Coleshill

and Birmingham Roads. Naturalised. June, 1882. Fields, near Cornets End. Abundant.

4. Avon. Near Brandon, on the London railway bank, Kirk^ Herb, Per,

[** S, nutans^ Linn. As a casual, in Oscott College grounds, Caswell,']

[** S. annulata^ Thore. Occurred for one season as a casual, on the railway banks, Sutton Park, 1877.]

5. nOCtiflorat Linn, Night-Jlowering Catchfly,

Top. Bot. 96. Syme, E. B. ii. 66. 209.

Colonist; cultivated land and railway banks. Rare. A. June-July.

First record, Baxter, MS., 1 831.

4. Avon. Railway banks, near Brandon, Kirk^ Herb, Per, In a field, near Harborough Magna, Blox, Cornfield, by the Blue Boar Lane, Dun- church, Cummingy Rugby Sch, Rep,^ 1878. Rugby, Baxter^ MS,

9. Arrow. On the Black Lands, near Ipsley i abundant, Slatter,

LYCHNIS. Linn,

L. alba, Mill, White Campion,

Lychnis vespertina^ Sibth. Top. Bot. 67. Purt. i. 222. SiUne pratensis, God. and Gr. Syme, E. B. ii. 68. 210.

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LYCHNIS. — GITHAGO.— CERASTIUM. 35

Native; banks and cultivated fields. Common, and generally distributed.

B. or P. May to September. First record, Kirk, Topographical Botany, 1858.

With purple flowers, at Marton, &c A form occurred in 1874 on the railway banks at Brandon, in which the flowers were bisexual.

L. diOFna, Sid/h, Silem diuma^ God. and Gr. Red Campion.

Toj). Bot. 67. Purt. i. 222. Syme, E. B. ii. 69. 211.

Native; hedge banks and fields. Common, and generally distributed. P.

May to September. First record, Bree. At Allesley, with white flowers, Mag. Nat Hist, 1829.

L. FlOS-CUCOli, Linn, Ragged Robin.

Top. Bot. 67. Purt. i. 221. Syme, E. B. ii. 71. 212.

Native ; marshes and damp meadows and heaths. Common. P. May to July.

First record, Bree. With white flowers, at Coleshill, Mag. Nat. History, 1829.

Occurring in all the districts.

GITHAGO, Desf,

G. segetum, Desf. Agrostemma Githago^ L. Com Cockle,

Top. Bot. 68. Purt. i. 224. Syme, E. B. ii. 74. 215.

Colonist ; cornfields, rarely on railway banks. Local. A. June to August.

First record, the Author, 1866, Middleton, Lychnis Githago^ Lam.

1. Tame. Field near Sutton Park ; railway bank in Sutton Park, 1877. Near

Trickley Coppice, Middleton,

2. Blythe. Bannersley Rough, near Coleshill ; Berkswell, Temple Balsall ;

Earlswood ; Stonebridge; Packington ; Henfield.

3. Anker. Nuneaton ; cornfields, near Bramcote Hall ; Seckington.

4. Avon. Warwick ; Stoneleigh ; Brandon ; Stratford-on-Avon.

5. Leam. . Radford Semele ! K and B, Harbury ; Ufton.

6. Sow. Cornfields, Ansty.

7. Stour. Honin||ton, Newb, ; Tysoe Fields, abundant.

8. Alne. Henley-in-Arden ; Billesley.

9. Arrow. Ipsley, Slatter. Samboum.

ID. Cherwell. Cornfields, Ratley, Edge Hill.

CERASTIUM. Linn.

C. quaternellum, Fenzl. upright Pearlwort,

Sagina erecta, Purt. i. 103. Moenchia erecta. Top. Bot. 68. Syme, E. B.

ii. 77. 217. Native ; heaths and heathy waysides. Rare. A. May-June. First record, Bree, in Midland Flora, 18 17.

1. Tame. Sutton Park, near Long Moor Mill Pool.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath, Bru in Purt. i. 104. Shores of Coleshill Pool.

3. Anker. Atherston Outwoods; also on Annesley Coalfield, Blox.^ Phyt,

iii. 324. 6. Sow. Corley Moor, and other like places, ^r^^. Kenilworth Heath, Kai«//^. 8. Alne. Yamingale Common ! K and B.

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36 CEKASTIUM. — STELLARIA.

C. semideeandrum, Linn, Mouse-Ear,

Top. Bot. 80. Purt. i. 221. Syme, E. B. ii. 81. 220. Native ; walls and dry heathy places. Rare. A. April-May. First record, Purton, Midland Flora, 181 7.

2. Blythe. Heathy footways, lane from Marston Green to Bickenhill ; heathy

footways above Coleshill Pool. 4. Avon. Wall, Vineyard Lane, Warwick, Perry^ MS, Stone quarry,

Warwick, Brom.y Herb, Per, 8. Alnb. Kinwarton, in a field by the church, Purt, i. 221.

C. glomeratum, ThuUl, Mmtse-Ear Chickweed,

Top. Bot. 79. (C. viscosum, L,) Purt. i. 219. Syme, E. B. ii. 82. 221. Native ; walls, fields, and waysides. Common, and generally distributed. A.

April to September. First record, Rugby School Report, 1868.

C. triVialO} LinJk, C, vulgatum, L. Mouse-Ear Chickweed,

Top. Bot. 79. Purt. i. 219. Syme, E. B. ii. 83. 222.

Native ; walls, fields, and waysides. Common, and generally distributed.

B. or P. April to September. •First record, Rugby School Report, 1868.

C. arvense* Linn, Field Chickweed,

Top. Bot. 79. Syme, E. B. ii. 88. 225.

Native ; sandy fields and railway banks. Rare. P. May-June.

First record. Kirk, Herb. Perry, 1850.

2. Blythe. Sandy field, Coleshill Heath ; sandy field, near Coleshill Pool. 4. Avon. Railway banks between Coventry and Brandon, T, Kirk^ Herb, Per, 6. Sow. Railway banks, near WillenhalL T, Kirk, Herb, Per,

The Coleshill plants are the pubescent variety. In this localk)^ it is somewhat uncertain in its occurrence, being plentiful in years when the crop is biennial, and usually absent or very sparse in quantity when the crop is an annual one.

STELLARIA. Linn,

S. aquatica, Scop, Water Chickweed,

Malachium aquctticuMy Fries, Bab. Man. Cerastium aquaticum^ Scop, Top.

Bot. 79. Purt. i. 221. Syme, E. B. ii. 91. 227. Native ; ditches, hedge banks, damp woods. Locally abundant. P. July to

October. First record, the Author, Proc. Birm. Nat. Hist. Society, 1869.

1. Tame. Erdington ; Sutton ; Tyburn ; Curdworth ; Water Orton ; Plant's

Brook Reservoir ; Small Heath.

2. Blythe. Bradnock*s Marsh ! Fen End, Grove, Knowle, railway bank.

3. Anker. Road from Austrey to Warton ; near Attlebury ; Burton Hastings;

Wolvey; Mancetter.

4. Avon. Banks of the Avon at Milverton, Y, and B, Alveston Pastures ;

footroad, Rugby to Brownsover.

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STELLARIA. 37

5. Leam. Fieldon Bridge ; River Itchen, Snowford Bridge; near Shuckburgh.

6. Sow. Stoke, near Coventry ; Canley, near Coventry ; Combe Fields ; Tile

Hill.

7. Stour. By a copse at Honington ! Newb, Wimpstone fields ; Crimscote

Fields ; Ilmington.

8. Alne. Lane from Bearley Cross to Little Alne; Henley-in-Arden.

9. Arrow. Coughton Mill ; Ipsley Meadows ; Spernall, by the Arrow. 10. Cher WELL. Avon Dassett; Warmington.

[* S. nemorum, Linn, Wood SHtchwort,

Purt. i. 213. Syme, E. B. ii. 93. 228. Casual.

*' It is rather extraordinary that this plant has sprung up annually in a shady part of my garden for some years, and has not been found anywhere else in the neighbourhood." Purt. i. 213. Warwickshire, Bree. Cat, N.B.Cy 182. Mr. W. W. Newbould also pointed out this plant in the grounds of Honington Hall, on a bridge over the Stour, where it is spontaneous.]

S. media, Cyr. ChUkweed,

Top. Bot. 78. Purt. i. 212. Syme, E. B. ii. 93. 229.

Native ; banks, walls, waysides, fields, &c. Common everywhere. A. Flower- ing and fruiting throughout the year.

Var. c, negUcta (Weih.) Rare and uncertain.

1. Tame. Banks of the Bourne, Arley.

2. Blythe. Solihull, near the railway station.

3. Anker. Shuttington Bridge, near Tamworth ; Shuttington ; near Calde-

cote Granite Quarries.

4. Avon. Budbrook, near Warwick, Brom,

5. Leam. Near Birdingbury Wharf.

8. Alne. Holywell, near Claverdon ; Kingswood. 10. Cherwell. Farnborough.

This always retains the large flowers with ten stamens, and is sometimes as robust as S, aquatica.

5. umbrosa, opiz.

Top. Bot. 78. Syme, E. B. 95.

Native ; damp sandy places. Rare. P. March to September.

First record, the Author, 1870.

2. Blythe. Elmdon.

6. Sow. Sandy lane, Hollyberry End, near Allesley.

7. Stour. In many places by the Stour near Honington, Newb. Burton

Coppice, Great Wolford.

8. Alne. Wet sandy places by the River Alne, near Aston Cantlow, 1870.

S. HolOStea, Linn. Greater Stitchwort.

Topj. Bot. 78. Purt. i. 211. Syme, E. B. ii. 96. 230.

Native; banks, woods, pastures, &c. Common throughout the county. P.

April to July. First record, Rugby School Report, 1868.

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38 STELLARIA. — ARENARIA.

S. pfllUStFiS, Retz. Glaucous Stitchwort,

S, glauca, With. Top. Bot. 78. Syme, E. B. ii. 97. 231.

Native ; maxshy places, lanes, and meadows. Rare. P. May to July.

First record, H. Bromwich, Herb. Perry, 1850.

4. Avon. Meadow, Hill Wootton, Brom, Herb, Per. Sandy lane, Milverton, Brom,

8. Alne. Lye Green.

9. Arrow. Spernall, 1884.

S. grraminea, Linn, Lesser Stitchwort.

Top. Bot. 79. Purt. i. 212. Syme, E. B. ii. 98. 232.

Native; banks, fields, woods, &c. Common throughout the county. P.

May to August. First record, Rugby School Report, 1868.

S. Uliginosa, Murr, Bog Stitchwort,

Toj). Bot. 79. Purt. i. 212. Syme, E. B. ii. 99. 233.

Native ; ditches, marshes, woods, &c. Rather local. P. May to August.

First record. Perry, Plantse Selectae, 1820,

1. Tame. Nechells Green, Ick, Anal., 1837. Sutton Park ; Water Orton ;

Shustoke.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Pool ; Solihull ; Earlswood ; Berkswell.

3. Anker. Hartshill ; Shuttington ; Rye Hills.

4. Avon. Common about Rugby, Baxter, MS. Ditch on the west side of the

common, and at the side of a pit in one of the Packmoor fields. Per. Fl. 40. Newbold-on-Avon.

5. Leam. Itchington Holt.

.6. Sow. Binley; Combe Woods.

7. Stour. Barton-on-the-Heath.

8. Alne. Lye Green.

9. Arrow. Spernall ; Studley, Ac. 10. Cherwell. Near Famborough.

ARENARIA. Linn.

A. tenuifolia) Linn, Alsim tenuifolia^ Crantz.

Top. Bot. 76. Syme, E. B. ii. 112. 243.

Native ? gravelly places. Rare. A. June-July.

First record. Rev. A. Bloxam, Rugby School Report, 1874.

3. Anker. Hoo Hill, near Polesworth, Power, MS.

4. Avon. Gravel pit near Lower Hill Morton, Bbx.^ Rugby School Rep,^ 1874,

A. trinervia, Linn, Sandwort.

Top. Bot. 77. Purt. i. 215. Syme, E. B. ii. loi. 234.

Native ; woods, banks, and fields. Common throughout the county. A.

May to July. ,

First record, Ick, Remarkable Plants, 1838. Saltley.

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ARENARIA. — SAGINA. 39

A. serpyllifolia, Zf'ifM. Thyme-Uavid Sandwort,

Top. Bot. 76. Purt. i. 215. Syme, E. B. ii. 102. 235.

Native ; walls, banks, fields, (fee. Common, and generally distributed. A.

June to September. First record, Ick, Remarkable Plants, 1838. Aston.

Var. c* leptoclados (Guss). Local, but widely spread.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Nether Whitacre ; Arley.

2. Blythe. Hampton-in-Arden; Solihull; near Mercote Hall; Coleshill Heath.

3. Anker. Walls, Hartshill Stone Quarries. Rare in this district

4. Avon. Cornfields, Tachbrook, Y. and B. Lias stone walls, Kineton.

5. Lbam. Heathy waysides, near Frankton Wood ; Weston churchyard wall.

6. Sow. Old city walls, Coventry, Kirk, Old walls, Kenilworth.

7. Stour. Honington, Newb, Lias wajls, Brailes ; Tysoe.

8. Alne. Old walls, Claverdon.

9. Arrow. Walls, Coughton Court. 10. Chbrwell. Walls, Farnborough.

SAGINA. Linn, S. apetala, Linn.

Top. Bot. 70. Syme, E. B. ii. 118. 246.

Native ; old walls and sandy places. Common. A. May to September.

First record. Perry, Herb. Perry, 181 2.

1. Tamb. Sutton Park ; Castle Bromwich ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Hampton-in-Arden ; Solihull.

3. Anker. Mancetter ; Nuneaton.

4. Avon. Near Rugby, Baxtery MS, Harborough Magna, Blox, Frequent

on brick walls about Rugby, Rugby Sch, Rep, Wooton, Y, and B. Stratford-on-Avon.

5. Leam. Old walls, Harbury.

6. Sow. Old walls, Kenilworth.

7. Stour. Honington, Newb, Gorsy land. Great Wolford ; old walls,

Ilmington.

8. Alne. Old walls, Claverdon ; near Preston Bagot.

9. Arrow. Wire Hill, Sambourn.

S. Ciliata, Fries.

Top. Bot. 71. Syme, E. B. ii. 119. 247.

Native ; sandy fields. Very rare. A. June-July.

First record, the Author, Topographical Botany, 1873.

1. Tame. North end of Sutton Park near the Streetley Railway Station.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath ; field near Windy Arbour.

Very uncertain in both localities. Often absent for one or more seasons in the Coleshill station when the crop is an annual one.

S. pFOCUmbenS) Linn, Procumbent Pearlwort.

Top. Bot. 71. Purt. i. 103. Syme, E. B. ii. 120. 248.

Native ; heathy and sandy places, wall tops, <fec Very common, and generally

distributed. P. May to September. First record, the Author, 1869. Sutton Park.

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40 SAGINA. — SPERGULA. — LEPIGONUM.

S. nodosa, E, Mey, Knotted Pearlwort,

Top. Bot. 72. Purt. i. 223. Syme, E. B. ii. 125. 251. SpergUla^ Purt. Native ; marshy heathlands. Rare. P. August-September. First record, Dr. Stokes, Withering's Arrangement, 1787.

1. Tame. Boggy ground, in Sutton Park! Stokes, With. 'Ed, 2. ii. 483.

Sutton, Freeman, Phyt, i. 262.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath, Bree in Purt, i. 223, Coleshill Pool !

SPERGULA. Linn,

S. arvensiS, Linn, Com Spurrey,

Top. Bot. 73. Purt. i. 223. Syme, E. B. ii. 127. 252. 253.

Native ; cornfields, heaths, waysides, <&c. As an aggregate plant, common

throughout the county. A. May to September. First record, Dr. Lloyd, Herb. Perry, 1837.

Var. a, vulgaris^ Boenn. Frequent.

1. Tame. Sutton Park ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Coleshill ; Solihull ; Earlswood ; Comets End.

3. Anker. Seckington ; Shuttin^on ; Oldbury.

4. Avon. Old Park, Warwick.

5. LeaM. Cornfields, Marton.

6. Sow. Binley ; Sow Waste ; Allesley ; Burton Green ; Baginton.

7. Stour. Honington ; Brailes ; Shipston, Newb.

8. Alne. Alne Hills ; Rowington.

9. Arrow. Samboum ; Spemall. 10. Cher WELL. Avon Dassett.

Var. b, sativa, Boenn. Apparently more rare.

1. Tame. Sutton Park, on railway banks ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Heath ; Comets End ; Berkswell ; Balsall Common. 4. Avon. Little Lawford.

6. Sow. Allesley ; Binley ; Meriden.

7. Stour. Comfields, Barton-on-the-Heath,

LEPIGONUM. Fries,

L. FUbrUin» Fr, Arenaria rubra, Linn.

Arenaria, Purt. i. 214. Spergularia, Top. Bot. 76. Syme, E. B. ii. 129.

254. Native ; fields, heaths, roadsides, and walls. Local. A. June to September. First record, Purton, Midland Flora, 181 7.

1. Tame. Near Bordesley Green ; canal bridge, Aston, Ick^ 1838. Heath-

lands, Sutton Park ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Baker's Lane, near Knowle ; lane from Henwood Mill to Berry

Hall, Solihull ; Hampton-in-Arden ; Comets End, near Berkswell ; Maxstoke ; Coleshill Heath ; Packington.

3. Anker. Wall tops and quarries, Hartshill ; Mancetter ; Bentley Park.

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LEPIGONUM. — MONTIA. — ELATINE. 4 1

4. Avon. Milverton and Ashow, Per, Flor, 40. Garden weed, Ashow,

Perry ^ MS. Common about Rugby, especially on the Barby and Dunchurch Road, Baxter^ MS, Cemetery walls, Rugby, Rugby Sch. Rep. Bilton Allotments, Rugby Sch. Rep., 1889.

5. Leam. Near Leamington. Baynes, MS.

6. Sow. Kenilworth Heath ; Corley Heath.

8. Alne. Lye Green ! Y. and B.

9. Arrow. Turnpike road to New Inn, Alcester parish, Purt. i. 215.

Ord. XII. PORTULACE2E.

[** ClayiofUa petfoHata, Don., was found by Dr. Baker in the grounds of the Royal Hotel, Sutton ; Crystal Palace Grounds, Sutton, Grove ; but merely as a garden casual ; as a garden weed at Aston.]

MONTIA. Linn.

M. fontana, Linn.^ a. repensy Pers. Blinks,

Top. Bot. 173. Purt. i. 91. Syme, E. B. ii. 136. 259.

Native ; damp woods, marshy heaths, streams, and ditches. Very local.

A. or P. April to August. First record. Withering, Botanical Arrangement, 1787.

1. Tame. Hockley Pool grate, near Birmingham, With. Ed. 2, i. 131.

Sutton, Freeman, Phyt. i. 192. Sutton Park.

2. Blythe. Marston Green ; Coleshill Pool; Comets End, near Berkswell ;

the Manor grounds, Hampton-in-Arden ; damp pastures by Brown's Wood, near Solihull ; Shirley.

3. Anker. Stone quarries, Hartshill ; Baxterley Common.

4. Avon. Hill Wootton, Perry List, 181 7 ; footway to Guy's Cliflf, in the

first field. Perry, MS. Rock Mill, Emscote, 1832, Baynes.

6. Sow. Combe Woods ; Stoke Heath.

7. Stour. Wolford Wood ; Wolford Heath.

8. Alne. Haselor, Ruffordin Purt. i. 91. Lye Green ! Y. oftd B. Shrewley

Common ; near Wroxall Abbey, Sep., 1827, Perry.

9. Arrow. Heathy lane, Spernall Ash to Middletown, 1886.

Var. b. erecta, Pers. Rare.

1. Tame. In several of the streams in Sutton Park.

2. Blythe. Stream near Marston Green.

Ord. XIII. ELATINEiE.

ELATINE. Linn. E. hexandra, DC.

Top. Bot. 62. Syme, E. B. ii. 141. 262. Native ; in pools. Very rare. A. August. First record. Dr. Lloyd, Herb. Perry, 1835.

2. Blythe. Coleshill Pool. Dr. Lloyd, Herb. Per.

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42 HYPERICUM.

Ord. XIV. HYPERICINEiE.

HYPERICUM. Linn.

H. AndFOSSemum, Linn, Tutsan,

Top. Bot. 88. Purt. iii. 374. Syme, E. B. ii. 143. 264. Native ; woods and hedges: Rare. P. July-August. First record, Bree, Midland Flora, 1821.

2. Blythe. Lane from Hampton-in-Arden to Knowle ; lane near Whey- porridge Lane, Solihull ; near Honiley.

4. Avon. In Warwick Castle Park, Perry ^ MS,

6. Sow. Woods, Meriden, Buck in Purt. iii. 374. Kenilworth Chase ; Burton Green, Broin, Near Berkswell, H, Cox,

This plant is always thinly spread in Warwickshire, occurring as single indi- viduals, often at long intervals, but always (so far as my own experience serves) remote from cultivation.

H. perforatum, Linn» St. John's Wort.

Top. Bot. 88. Purt. i. 351. Syme, E. B. ii. 148. 268.

Native ; hedge banks and woods. Common throughout the county. P. July

to September. First record, Rugby School Report, 1868.

H. dubiom, Lurs. imperforate St, John* s Wort.

Top. Bot. 89. Syme, E. B. ii. 151. 269.

Native ; marshy places and damp woods. Local. P. July to August.

First record, Countess of Aylesford, Botanist*s Guide, i&S.

1. Tame. Railway banks, near Aston Church ; Sutton Park ; Walmley, near ' Sutton.

2. Blythe. Near Meriden, Aylesford^ B, G, 637. In Mr. Digby's Plantation,

Meriden, With. Ed, 5. iii. 816. Packington, Freeman, Phyl, i. 262. Boultbie Wood, near Meriden ; footway, near Comets End, Berkswell ; canal bank, Solihull ; Olton Pool; Balsall Common ; Cut-throat Wood, near Umberslade.

3. Anker. Bentley Park, near Atherstone.

4. Avon. Between Leek Wootton Fields and Stoneleigh, Perry, FU 64.

Lower Hill Morton Road, Blox. Hill Wootton, Chesterton, Brom, Near Rugby, Rugby Sch. Rep. Alveston Heath.

5. Leam. Whitnash Fields, Brom. Near Southam ; wood, near Marton

Railway Station ; Upton Wood ; Napton Holt.

6. Sow. Near Tile Hill Wood.

7. Stour. Whitehouse Warren, near Brailes.

8. Alnb. Wawen Moor, near Henley-in-Arden.

9. Arrow. Spemall Ash ; Alcester.

10. Cherwbll. Mollington, near Edge Hill.

In several of these localities, the form H, maculatumy Bab., occurs, but this is so near the type that I have not thought it needful to separate it.

H. quadratum, stokes, St, Peter's Wort,

H. quadrangulum (L.) Top. Bot. 88. Purt. i. 353. Syme, E. B. ii. 152. 270. H. tetrapterum^ Fries.

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HYP£IUCUM. 43

Native ; marshes, pool, stream, and river sides. Common. P. July- August. First record, Ick, Remarkable Plants, H, quadrangulum^ 1838.

1. Tame. Garrison Lane and Castle Bromwich, Ick^ 1838. Sutton Park ;

Middleton.

2. Blythe. Knowle ; Bradnock's Marsh ; Mercote Hall, Grove, Coleshill

Pool ; Bannersley Pool ; Eastcote Green.

3. Anker. Shuttington ; Bramscote ; Seckington ; Weddington.

4. Avon. Whitnash, K and B, Alveston Heath.

5. Lbam. Marton ; Southam.

6. Sow. Sow Waste ; Combe Fields.

7. Stour. Honington, Ncwb, Wimpstone Fields ; Tysoe.

8. Alne. Near Preston Bagot ; Wootton Wawen.

9. Arrow. Coughton Park ; Iron Cross. 10. Cherwell. Farnborough.

H. humiftisam, Linn. Trailing St. John's IVori,

Top. Bot. 90. Purt. i. 353. Syme, E. B. ii. 155, 271.

Native ; fields, heaths, and gravelly waysides. Local. P. July- August.

First record, Perry List, 1817.

1. Tame. Arley, Grave. Sutton Park ; Boldmere, near Sutton, on gravelly

waysides.

2. Blythe. Packington, Miss Palmer. Near Marston Green ; Knowle,

Grove. Barston Marsh ; Coleshill Heath ; meadows, near Sheldon.

3. Anker. Stone Quarries, Hartshill ; railway bank, Nuneaton ; Parley Park,

near Atherstone.

4. Avon. Opposite Stoneleigh Lodge, Perry Listy 18 17, At the Woodloes,

near Warwick ; on the turnpike road from Warwick to Leamington, Per. Fl. 64. Very common about Rugby, Baxter^ MS. Lower Hill Morton Lane, and Furze Lane, ^«^ Sch. Rep.^ 1877. Tachbrook, Brom.

5. Leam. Fields, at Ufton.

6. Sow. Kenilworth, Y. and B.

8. Alne. Umberslade, Grave.

9. Arrow. King's Coughton ; Alcester Heath, Purt. i. 354. Heathy foot-

ways, near Iron Cross.

H. pulebram, Linn. UpHght St. John's WorU

Top. Bot. 91. Purt. i. 354. Syme, E. B. ii. 157. 273.

Native ; woods, heaths, and heathy waysides. Locally common. P. June to

August. First record, Withering*s Botanical Arrangement, 1812.

1. Tame. On a sloping bank, near the wall, on the east side of Edgbaston

Park, Miss Withering^ With. Ed. 5. iii. 819. Arley ; Water Orton, Grove. Sutton Park ; Middleton.

2. Blythe. Knowle, Grove. Marston Green ; Coleshill Heath} Packington ;

Olton ; Fulford's Heath, and Forshaw Heath ; near Earlswood ; Clews Wood, Earlswood.

3. Anker. Parley Park, near Atherstone ; lane, from R3rton to Anker Bridge,

near Wolvey.

4. Avon. Wootton Field ; between Warwick and Hatton, Perry List^ 181 7.

Lower Hill Morton, and Dunchurch Road ! Rugby Sch, Rep. Alveston Pastures, Newb. Near Brandon, 187 1.

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44 HYPERICUM. — MALVA.

5. Leam. Harbury Heath.

6. Sow. Baginton Park, Perry List, 181 7.

7. Stour. White House Warren ; near Brailes, 1886.

8. Alne. Umberslade, Grove. Austey Wood, near Wootton Wawen ; Trap's

Qreen, near Tanworth.

9. Arrow. Oversley ! and Ragley Woods ! Purt. i. 354. Wire Hill,

Sambourn. 10. Cherwell. Ratley, Edge Hill.

H. hiFSUtum, Linn. Hairy Si. John's Wort.

Top. Bot. 91. Purt. i. 353. Syme, E. B. ii. 157. 274.

Native ; woods, coppices, hedges, and waysides. Locally common. P. July- August. First record. Perry List, 18 17.

2. Blythe. Eastcote, near Hampton-in-Arden, 1885.

3. Anker. Austrey, near Tamworth ; Ryton, near Bulkington ; Warton ;

Newton Regis.

4. Avon. Wear-break Hill and Cross-of-the-Hill, Stratford ; Wootton Field,

&c.. Perry List, 181 7. Chesterton ! Y. and B. Salford Priors ! Caswell. Chadshunt, Bolton King. Binton ; Edge Hill.

5. Leam. Ufton Wood, Brom. Draycote ; Birdingbury.

6. Sow. Lanes about Allesley and Corley Moor.

7. Stour. Honington, Newb. Burmington ; Long Compton ; Great Wolford ;

Lower Eatington-

8. Alne. Drayton Bushes ; Bearley ; Yamingale Common ; Austey Wood,

near Wootton Wawen ; Rowington, canal bank ; Lapworth Street.

9. Arrow. Oversley Wood ; near Studley. 10. Cherwell. Warmington.

H. elodes, Linn. Marsh St. John's Wort.

Top. Bot. 92. Purt. i. 355. Syme,