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VOL. Ill, PART 3
CONTENTS: #. J. HANSEN: CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA (II.)
PUBLISHED AT THE COST OF THE GOVERNMENT
BY THE DIRECTION OF THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY
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•^JMS"-
COPENHAGEN.
H. HAGERUP.
PRINTED BY BIANCO LUNO. I9'3-
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THE DANISH INGOLF-EXPEDITION.
VOLUME HI.
3.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
BY
H. J. HANSEN.
WITH 12 PLATES AND A LIST OF THE STATIONS.
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COPENHAGEN.
PRINTED BY BIANCO LUNO.
Ready from the Press February the 25''' 1913.
CONTENTS.
Crustacea Malacostraca. II.
IV. The Order Tanaidacea.
Introduction
On the Literature
Results and Questions
A. The "Ingolf" Collection
B. Geographical and bathymetrical Distribution
C. Sexual Differences in the Tanaidae
D. Some morphological Features in Agathotanais n. gen
E. On the naming of Segments and Joints
F. On generic and specific Characters
Fain, I Apseudida
Apseudes L, e a c h
1. Apseudes spinosus M. Sars
2. vicinus n. s p
3. tenuis n. sp
4. gracilis Norm. &Stebb .
5. frracillimus u. sp
Sphyrapus Norm., G. O. Sars
6. anomalus G. O. Sars
7. — serratus G. O. S a r s
8. tudes Norm. & Stebb
Fain. II. Tanaida -.
1 nais B e d d a r d
9. — serratispinosus Norm. & Stebb
10. hastiger Norm. & Stbb
11. — giganteus 11. sp
Heterotanais G. O. Sars
I 2. groenhiiidicns n. sp
Tamil's H. M i 1 n e - E d w
1 3. Cavolinii H. M i In e- E d w
Pscudotanais G. O. Sars
forcipatus L, i 1 1 j e b o r g
abyssi n. sp
Lilljeborgii G. O. Sars.
oculatus n. sp
affinis H. J. H
longipes n. sp
14. >.>
16. —
17- -
18. —
19. — Paratanais Dana
20. — Batei G. O. Sars
Page I I 3 3 4 5 8 8
9 10 10 10 11 12 13 15 16 16
i/ 18 iS iS 18
19 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 25 27 29 30 33 34 35
Typklotanais
21.
22. —
23-
24.
25-
26.
27. — 28. 29. 30.
31-
32-
33- —
34-
35-
36.
37- —
38-
39-
Agathotanais
40.
Lepiognatkia
41.
42. —
43-
44-
45-
46.
47-
4S. -
49- 5°. 5i- 52.
53- —
54- ~ 55-
Pag, G. O. Sars 35
rularis u. sp. 36
macrocephala 11. sp 38
pulcher n. sp 39
gracilipei u. sp 40
iiiiicronatiis n. sp 42
eximiui n. sp 44
penicillatus n. sp 45
1 ne r mis n. sp 16
variabilis 11. s p 48
tiispiiiosus n. s p. 49
profundus u. sp 51
spinicauda n. s p. 53
grandis 11. sp . 54
plebejus II. S p 56
inaquipes n. sp 57
finiiiarchicus G. O. S ars 58
mr'xtus n. sp 59
cornutui G O. Sars 61
wlidus u. sp. 62
»■ gen 63
Ingolfi 11. sp 64
G. O. Sars 65
multiserrata n. sp 66
Sarsii H. J. H 68
gracilis Kr 6y er . . . 70
llanseni Vanhoffen 71
remis Lillj eborg 74
merlins n. S p. 76
brachiata n. sp 77
alba n. sp 78
lias fata n. sp 79
armata n. s p So
. Imdrup 7 n. sp 8]
tllben 11 lata u. sp. . 82
iincinata 11. sp 83
manca n. sp. 85
nibaqualii n. sp 87
41 SS
Pag<
56. Leptognalhia tenella n. sp SS
57. ventralis 11. sp S9
58. acanthifera 11. sp 91
59. breviremis Li 111 eb org 92
60. crassa 11. s p 95
61. polita 11. sp 96
62. vicina 11. sp 98
63. profunda n. sp 99
64. latin-mis II. sp IOI
65. glacialis n. sp 102
Haplocope G. 0. Sars 102
66. — linearis n. sp 103
Leptognathiella 11. gen 104
67. abyssi n. sp 104
( 'ryptocope G. O. S ars 106
68. rty.V/ivz H. J. H 106
Pag,
69. Cryptocopc I 'mingii G. O. Sa rs 109
70. arctophylax Norm 6c St ebb 1 10
Tanaella Norm. & Stebb ... 113
71. — ochracea n. sp 113
72. — imguicillata Norm. & Stebb 115
Strongylura G. O. Sars . 1 16
73. cylindrata G. O. Sars ..... 116
74. minima 11. sp. 118
Strongylurella 11. gen 120
75 indivisa n. sp 1 20
Paranartiintra 11. gen 121
76. — insignis n. sp 122
77. — subtilis 11. s p. ........... 124
78. -- clavipes n. sp 1 25
Explanation of the Plates 127
Crustacea Malacostraca. II.
By
H. J. Hansen.
IV. The Order Tanaidacea. Introduction.
Before entering on the subject of the present paper I may refer to the "Introductory Remarks" in "Crustacea Malacostraca I" published in 1908, because they contain various statements that need not to be repeated here. In that chapter I explained the limits of the area investigated by the "Ingolf and other Danish expeditions to our northern dependencies; the principal sources (apart from the "Ingolf) for the material examined were enumerated and the principles followed as to "occurrence" and "distribution" were laid down. Zoologists wishing to get some information on these and allied topics may find them in the paper mentioned.
Our earlier knowledge of the Tanaidacea inhabiting the seas around Greenland, Iceland and the Faeroes was poor. Only 9 species were known, 2 of which belong to the family Apsendidae, 7 to the Tanaidae. I am, however, inclined to think that no Carcinologist would have supposed that it might be possible to discover more than ten or fifteen new species within that area. But in the present paper I enumerate 78 species, all, excepting one, captured by Danish expeditions, and 52 of these species are new to science. The "Ingolf has secured 71 of the species, but of these 13 have besides been taken by another Danish expedition or by two or more zoologists; 3 species have been gathered only by the "Thor" (Dr. Joh. Schmidt), 2 species exclusively by the second Amdrup-Expedition I Mag. sc. Soren Jensen) and a single species by other zoologists. In proportion to the number of species of Tanaidacea hitherto known from Norway, from Great Britain or from all seas together the "Ingolf collection is so astonishing, that some special reason may be looked for; it may be of interest to attempt a discussion of the topic, and it may be possible to point out some results of more general significance. Finally a treatment of some other results and questions may be inserted before the purely systematic part.
On the Literature.
The earlier literature until the year 1881 comprises a good number of papers, but most among them dealing with only a single form or with some few species; the largest and most valuable of these contributions were written by H. Kroyer (1842) and W. Dilljeborg (1865). But in 1881 G. O. Sars published his paper: Revision af Gruppen: Tsopoda chelifera (Arch. Math, og Naturv. Bd. 7), which is epoch-making in the history of our order. He divided it — he named it a group - - into two well-
The Ingolf-Expedition. III. }. I
CRUSTACEA MAI,ACOSTRACA. II.
founded families, Apseudidae and Tanaidae, and pointed out their distinguishing characters; he established nine new genera (only five had been previously described); he enumerated nearly all species described from any ocean, and he added short descriptions of all species seen by him, redescribing a good number of species already made known and establishing twenty-three new species. He enumerated in all 3 genera and 14 species of the Apseudidae, n genera with 46 species of the Tanaidae, in all 14 genera with 60 species. But 4 species among the Apseudidae were nomina nuda given bv Norman, and Sars had overlooked a single species of Apseudes established by Willeinoes-Suhm and two species of Tanaidae established respectively by Nicolet and Bate. The result is that in 1884 59 species (not counting mere synonyms) of Tauaidacea had been established.
In 1S86 G. O. Sars published his important paper: Middelhavets Saxisopoder (Isopoda chelifera), which contains elaborate descriptions with numerous excellent illustrations of seventeen species, all briefly described but not figured by him in 1880. And in his splendid work : An Account of the Crustacea of Norway, Vol.11, Isopoda (the parts on the Tauaidacea were edited in 1896 — 97) Sars published new descriptions and eighteen plates with figures of the Norwegian Tauaidacea, in all 28 species. By the three papers enumer- ated Sars has laid down a very broad foundation for future study and illustration of the animals, and he has done far more for the furtherance of our knowledge of the order than any other author.
Since 1881 about twenty-four zoologists have published descriptions of new species, sometimes besides of new genera, of Tanaidacea. Among these prominence must be given to the two English zoologists A. M. Norman and T. R. R. Stebbing, because in a valuable paper (On Crustacea Isopoda . . . 1886) quoted several times in this report they gave good descriptions with numerous figures of 17 species (1 valid new genus), 13 of which were new and the majority even deep-sea forms; in other papers each of these two authors has described and figured some other forms. — In the Challenger Report Vol. XVII (1886) F. E. Beddard established 4 new genera and 10 new species, most of them interesting antarctic or deep-sea forms; unfortunately his figures are somewhat poor. — A. Dollfus has published preliminary descriptions, with some figures, of about 14 valid new species and 1 new and valid genus; in several papers published in later years Miss Harriet Richardson has established 2 new genera and several new species, mostly American.
In order to arrive at a fair idea of our knowledge of genera and species established before the middle of 1912 I have inspected the Zoological Records since 1877 and besides looked over the vast majority of the papers. I have attempted to count the genera and species hitherto established, excluding of course the synonyms, but it was impossible to arrive at absolute certainty as to the number of species, because in a few cases it cannot be made out whether a species is valid or ought to be cancelled as a synonym, and some few species have been so poorly described that they can scarcely be recognized with any certainty. But I am sure that the following numbers are nearly correct.
The family Apseudidae comprises 8 genera: Apseudes Leach with 28 species, Apsntdopsis Norm, with 2 species, Parapsrudcs Sars with 3 species, Sphyrapus Norman with 5 species, Typlilapscudrs Bedd., Lciopits Bedd., Kalliapseudes Stebb. and Pagurapseudes Whitelegge, each with a single species. In all 42 species.
The family Tanaidce comprises the following genera: Neotanais Bedd. (Alaotaiiais Norm. X: Stebb.) with 5 species, Tanais H. M.-Edw. with 17 species, Leptoclirlia Dana with 16 species, Hctcrotanais G. O. S. with 9 species, Paratanais Dana with 9 species, Nototanais Richardson with 3 species, Typhla-
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
tanais G. O. S. with 16 species, Leptognathia G. O. S. with 14 species, Pseudotanais G. O. S. with 5 species, Cryptocope G. O. S. with 4 species, Haplocope G. O. S. with 2 species, Strongylura G. O. S., Anarthrura G. O. S., Mesotanais Dollf., Pancolus Richardson. Tanaissus Stebb., Tanaella Norm. & Stebb. and Bathytanais Beddard, each with a single species. In all 18 genera with 107 species. Thus the order Tanaidacea comprises 26 genera with about 149 species.
Results and Questions.
A. The "Ingolf" Collection.
According to the literature only 9 species have hitherto been known from the coasts of Green- land and the adjacent deep-sea area; the number of deep-sea species secured North of Lat. 560 N. by the English expeditions was small, and the excellent collector of small Crustacea Prof. G. O. Sars captured only 8 species of Tanaidacea during the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition. Judging from these and other facts every zoologist would have thought it to be a good result if the "Ingolf" had raised the number of species known from the seas around our northern dependencies to twenty or possibly twenty-five. But as already stated, the "Ingolf" captured 71 species of Tanaidacea, some other expeditious or travellers added 6 species, and a single deep-sea species enumerated in the literature as taken by the ••Valorous" within the area in question was not found again. - ■ Besides it may be stated, that a good number of the new species were taken by the •Ingolf" at several stations and sometimes in considerable numbers.
Of the 78 species only 8 belong to the Apseudidae, but 70 to the Tanaidse. The animals belonging to the Apseudidae are on the whole considerably or much larger than the Tanaidse and consequently far less overlooked by collectors. But as only 8 species - - 3 among them new — of Apseudidse were secured by the "Ingolf and the "Thor", while 42 species are described in the literature from all seas together, the number of species from our northern area is not even one-fifth of species hitherto established. As to the Tanaidse the result is very different; 106 species were known from all seas, but the "Ingolf", etc. captured 70 species, thus almost two-thirds as many as hitherto known. And 49 species of the Tanaidae are new to science.
These excellent results are mainly due to a method of collecting introduced by me during the first "Ingolf" cruise. A considerable quantity of the mud hauled up by dredge or trawl, or the whole bottom material when its quantity was less considerable, was sifted under water in smaller portions in a sieve clothed with silk gauze 110.7 used by millers; the well-sifted contents of the sieve were put in alcohol and later examined at home in small portions, in water or alcohol, 011 the lower part of a cheese-cover under a moderately magnifying lens. In this way hundreds of small animals, as Tanaidacea, Asellota, etc., were gathered. Other deep-sea expeditions could certainly have arrived at corresponding results if their methods of dealing with the bottom material had been more satisfactory; it may be considered quite certain that hundreds of species of small Crustacea etc. lived in the bottom materials hauled up by the "Challenger" and later great European and North American expeditions
and were flushed into the sea again.
1*
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
B. Geographical and bathymetrical Distribution.
The fact that the "Ingolf" alone raised the number of species of Tanaidacea inhabiting the area explored from 9 to 72, thus to almost half the number of species known from the entire world, proves with absolute certainty that our knowledge of this order is still in its infancy. But an exami- nation of the list of localities for each species affords further interesting results.
The major part of the 149 species previously known were taken exclusively or generally in depths from o to 50 or 60 fathoms, several species generally in depths from 50 to 200 or at most 300 fathoms, and scarcely twenty species — secured mainly by the '■Porcupine", the ''Valorous", the "Challenger" and "l'Hirondelle" — had been found generally or exclusively in depths more than 300 fathoms, some- times in more than 1000 fathoms, and the greatest depth recorded is 2050 fathoms. But among the 52 new species established in this report about 44 were taken either most frequently or — and in most cases — exclusively in depths exceeding 300 fathoms and often in depths between 700 and 1870 fathoms. Some species formerly taken in lesser depths were now found to be not uncommon in considerable depths. Thus, the "Ingolf" discovered more than twice as many deep-sea species as hitherto recorded from all seas together, and the great majority among them are small, less than 3.5 mm. and generally 1.6—3 uim. long.
Another point of great interest is that the richest harvest was yielded by some of the deepest stations in the warm area South and West of southern Greenland. At Stat. 78 (South-West of Iceland) an enormous quantity of bottom material was hauled up from 799 fathoms and 9 species of Tanaidacea were found; at Stat. 32 (Davis Strait) the quantity of bottom material from 318 fathoms was very large and rendered 8 species. But at St. 38 (entrance of the Davis Strait) the bottom material procured from 1870 fathoms filled in sifted condition scarcely more than a good tea-cup, and in that I found even 9 species. And two of the stations West of South Greenland were still richer; the sifted material from Stat. 36, 1435 fathoms, was about a liter and contained 11 species, while from Stat. 24, 1199 fathoms, I have 12 species of Tanaidacea. The last- named station thus rendered 4 species more than the whole Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, about half as many species as hitherto known from the Mediterranean; the harvest from the four deep-sea localities Stat. 22, 24. 36 and 38 is in all 30 species, while Sars in his standard work from 1896—97 has only 28 species from Norway.
From all these statements we may safely draw the conclusion, that the deep sea with 1100 to 1870 fathoms in the warm area in the North Atlantic has a much richer fauna of Tanaidacea than any large northern or tropical part of the Atlantic along the coasts and with depths irom o to 100 fathoms. And as it seems very improbable that the deep sea near South Greenland is propor- tionately richer than the deep sea of the subtropical or tropical Atlantic, the Indian Ocean or the Pacific, we may infer that hundreds of unknown species of Tanaidacea inhabit the deep areas of the Oceans, and that the fauna from about 300 and down to at least 2000 fathoms is much richer than the fauna living in depths between o and 300 fathoms.
In the list of the "Ingolf" stations we find thirty places with the temperature at the bottom below zero; these stations belong to the cold deep-sea area and their depth ranges from about 300 to 1300 fathoms. Of our Tanaidacea 8 species are exclusively from these stations. The warm deep-sea
CRI'STACHA MALACOSTRACA. II.
area is more difficult to define, but it may be proposed that the stations with a deptli between 300 and 600 fathoms and the bottom temperature not below 30, and all stations with depth from 600 to 1870 fathoms and the temperature above zero belong to that area. When we adopt this view it will be found that about 38 species enumerated in the following pages were taken exclusively in this warm deep-sea area, which consequently has a much richer fauna than the cold deep-sea area. A somewhat small number of species (Sphyrapus anomalus G. O. S., Pseudotanais a (finis H. J. H., Typhlo- tanais mixtus n. sp. Leptognathia longiremis Lilljeborg, L. ventralis n. sp., L. breviremis Lilljebg., Cryptocope arctica H. J. H. and Strongylura cylindrata G. O. S.) have been taken both in the real cold deep-sea area and at rather deep or very deep stations in the warm area; but with a single exception [Typhlotanais mixtus] all these species have besides been taken in depths of less than 100 fathoms either by the "Ingolf" or at Norway, at East Greenland or in the Kara Sea. The
majority of the remaining species are forms living in depths less than 300 and frequently less than 100 fathoms. Some few species (as Leptognathia inermis 11. sp., L. Sarsii H. J. H., L. subeequalis n. sp. and L. latiremis n. sp.) cannot be referred to any of the three categories just mentioned, but they seem to be essentially cold water forms sometimes found in temperatures a little above zero; L. subeequalis was once taken even in 318 fathoms in a temperature of 3.90.
C. Sexual Differences in the Tanaidae.
Adult males of species of the family Apseudidae are frequently taken together with the females, and I am unable to add anything to our knowledge of the sexual differences in this family. Sars has published excellent figures of both sexes of the two Norwegian species Apseudes spiuosus M. Sars and Sphyrapus anomalus G. O. S., of Sphyrapus serratus G. O. S. and of a few species of Apseudes from the Mediterranean. In the males the abdomen is generally longer in proportion to the thoracic segments, the pleopods and their seta; are longer, the flagella of the antennulse and antennae and the endopod of the uropods are longer and divided into a larger number of joints than in the females; furthermore, the chelipeds of the males differ somewhat or very much from those of the females, and sometimes the second pair of thoracic legs show some difference.
As to the family Tanaidae our knowledge of the males is still very imperfect and some inter- pretations are erroneous; it is necessary to distinguish sharply between adult and subadult or immature males. Sars has described the females of 26 species of Tanaidae from Norway, but he was acquainted with really adult males of only 5 species, viz. Tanais Cavolinii M.-Edw. (T. tomentosus Kr., G. O. S.), Heterotanais Oerstedii Kr., Typhlotanais finmarchicus G. O. S., Paratanais Batci G. O. S. and Leptognathia Sarsii H. J. H. [L. longiremis G. O. S., not Lilljeborg); he described also what he believed to be the males of Anarthrura simplex G. O. S. and Pseudotanais forcipatus Lilljebg., but his animals were only subadult males, not adult specimens, and at least the adult male of the last-named species (already described, without figures, by Lilljeborg) is widely different from the subadult stage. Sars was aware that his males of Strongylura cylindrata G. G. S. were "probably" immature, which in reality was the case. In 1885 he figured the adult male of Cryptocope Voringii G. * >. S.j in his paper on the Mediterranean forms he figured the adult males of Leptognathia brevimana Lilljebg.. Heterotanais
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
anomalus G. O. S. and of species of Leptochelia. — Adult males of some few other species have been described by Moore, Stebbing, etc.
A study of Sars' descriptions and figures of adult males as compared with the corresponding females is interesting. In Tanais Cavolinii M.-Edw. [T. tomentosus Kr., G. O. S.) female and male seem to differ only by the chelae, which in the male are very broad, strongly forcipate and without tubercles on the fingers, while in the female they are rather slender, scarcely forcipate and with two tubercles on the fixed finger. The males of all other above-mentioned forms differ much more from their females. In Ilctcrotanais Ocrstedii Kr. the male has the cephalothorax produced in a very long and thin "neck", the antennulae and the antennae are longer and thinner than in the female, the antennulae five-jointed in the male, three-jointed in the female, and the chelipeds are quite anomalously shaped in the male, normal in the female. The males known belonging to Paratanais, Typhlotanais, Lepto- gnathia and Cryptocopc differ from their females in many particulars: the antennae are six-jointed when three-jointed in the female, seven-jointed when four-jointed in the female, and have besides in all genera tufts of sensory hairs on three of the joints; the thoracic segments are conspicuously shorter in proportion to carapace and abdomen than in the females; the chelipeds or at least the chelae differ somewhat or considerably in shape and equipment from those of the females: the thoracic legs are somewhat or considerably longer and more slender, the abdomen is larger, its pleopods longer with longer setae and the uropods at least a little longer than in the females; finally in Paratanais the eyes of the males are much larger than in the females. The males of Leptochelia differ from their females especially in having much larger eyes, the chelipeds elongate with the chelae very differently shaped and the antennulae divided into a good number of joints. (It has been stated that in the males the mouth-parts are generally more or less reduced, but the majority of the males described have not been very closely investigated in that respect).
With a single exception (Cryptocopc 1 'dringii G. O. S.) all species of which the adult males are known, inhabit comparatively low water, from the beach down to 30 or 50 fathoms. And according to the sexual differences just pointed out the adult males of most genera differ in general aspect and in several characters more from their own females than from males of other genera, and the differ- ences between the two sexes of the same species are most frequently larger than the differences between the female of that species and females of several other genera. The result is that not unfrequeiitly it is impossible with certainty to refer a male to its female, to determine specimens of the male sex.
While my material of females and immature specimens dealt with in this report is exceedingly large, comprising probably a good deal more than a thousand specimens, I have very few adult males. I establish a new species of Neotanais on a male about twice as long as any male or female hitherto known of this family from any sea. Furthermore, I have 5 males belonging to 3 species of Pseudotanais. 5 males belonging to 3 species of Leptognathia and a male Cryptocopc, in all 11 specimens referred by me to 7 species; the reference of males to five of these species is absolutely certain, but two are referred with a little less certainty. Finally, I have still two males, one of which with a peculiarly armed chela, but being unable to refer them to genus I found it useless to describe them. But this enumeration of 14 adult males as compared with the enormous number of females and
CRUSTACKA MALACOSTRACA. II
immature specimens of both sexes proves that adult males must be either very rare or, and much more probably, that they swim about and are therefore rarely taken with the trawl or the dredge.
Immature or subadult males of many species were taken together with the females. In all species with the pleopods quite rudimentary or wanting in full-grown females with or without marsupium such subadult males are instantly recognized by having moderately developed or even somewhat large pleopods; this is the case in several species of Lepiognathia^ in Pseudotanais forcipatus and P. Lillje- borgii. in Agathotanais, Leptognathiella, Strongylura, Paranarthrura. In all these forms the subadult males have the abdomen proportionately either a little or, as in Paranarthrura insignis n. sp., consid- erably longer than the female. In the genera with the antennuhu four-jointed these appendages, and especially their two proximal joints, are generally conspicuously thicker in the subadult males than in the females, and in some species of Lepiognathia (f. instance L. armata n. sp.) the antennulae of the subadult male are five-jointed, as the fourth joint has its basal part marked off by an articulation. In species of Pseudotanais or Lepiognathia with the pleopods well developed in the female and in all species of Typhlotanais the antennulae alone afford readily distinguishable differences between females without marsupium and subadult males. In Typhlotanais the main difference is the thickness of the two proximal joints and of a portion of the third joint; in Pseudotanais we find generally the basal part of the third antennular joint somewhat thickened and besides protruding below.
It is a common rule that when a good material of full-grown females of a species is to hand, the great majority are without marsupium, even when taken at the same station. But it is a curious fact that in several cases some of the largest specimens without marsupium are a little longer than the longest specimen with marsupium; this fact I cannot explain, but I am induced to think that some reduction in size may accompany the development of the marsupium and the eggs. In females with marsupium the ventral surface of the lamelligerous or of all thoracic segments is rather or quite flat, in specimens without marsupium most frequently considerably convex, but specimens without marsupium are sometimes found showing the ventral surface flat and on the whole showing an appearance as if the marsupial lamellae had been lost, but whether this has been the case is imposs- ible to decide.
In females without marsupium and subadult males of several species of Typhlotanais and of Lepiognathia ventralis n. sp. the second thoracic segment is below, and generally at or not very far from the front ventral margin, produced in a generally acute and sometimes large process directed downwards and more or less forwards; in females with marsupium and in very few cases in female specimens without marsupium (perhaps lost) but with the lower side of the thoracic segments nearly or quite flat this process is either reduced in size and shape (Leptognathia ventralis) or lost (Typhlo- tanais). — In Typhlotanais microcheles G. O. Sars females without marsupium and with the ventral side of the thoracic segments convex, the ventral process is found on all thoracic segments excepting on the seventh (vid. "Remarks" on T. gracilipes n. sp.) - In Paranarthrtira insignis n. gen., n. sp., the females without marsupium and subadult males have a conspicuous process on the ventral side of all thoracic segments, but in females with marsupium only the process on the seventh segment has been preserved.
8 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
D. Some morphological Features in Agathotanais n. gen.
Among all the new species described in the present paper only one, viz. Agathotanais Ingolfi n. gen., n. sp. shows hitherto unknown features of more general interest. Both females without mar- supium and subadult males are at hand (PL VI, figs. 5 a— 50). In the female the antennae consist of a single minute joint (fig. 5c); in subadult males this joint is considerably larger (fig. 511). In all specimens the seventh thoracic segment and all abdominal segments are immovably fused, but the limits between the segments are tolerably indicated by fine furrows (figs. 5 b and 50). The pleopods are wanting in the female (fig. 5b); in the subadult males they are rather. long, unjoiuted, very slender conical and all coalesced, constituting a kind of pyramid with longitudinal furrows between the pairs, and each pleopod terminates in a few very short setae (fig. 50). The uropods are rudimentary, each being a small, subtriangular joint without an}- distinct division (figs. 5 1 and 5111).
Among these features the rudimentary state of antennae and uropods are mere reductions, which yet are much stronger than in any other genus. The fusion of seventh thoracic segment and all abdominal segments is still more interesting. But completely without parallel among Crustacea is the fact, that in the subadult male all five pairs of pleopods are coalesced forming a single somewhat long protuberance, and this fact is of importance for comparison with features found in mouth-parts in a couple of groups of high rank of terrestrial Arthropoda.
E. On the naming of Segments and Joints.
Before entering on the systematic part it may be useful to say a little on the counting of the segments and joints and the terms used in the descriptions.
As the first thoracic segment is always fused with the head and hidden beneath the carapace, the apparently first segment is in reality the second, consequently it is here named the second and its legs the second pair, while the first pair of legs, the chelipeds, as belonging to the cephalothorax, are described separately.
The counting of the anteunular joints presents no difficulty. But the antennas are less easy. When the antennae of females are fully developed they contain seven joints, as is seen in many species of Lcptognatliia. The first joint is very short, frequently nearly triangular, as the posterior margin is oblique and the upper margin very short or wanting; this joint is sometimes difficult to perceive and I never describe it, but it must of course be taken into consideration by counting. The two next joints are somewhat short and the third as a rule shorter than the second ; in a couple of species of rJ\<phlotanais these joints are strongly armed below. Fourth and fifth joints are somewhat long, but frequently, as in Typ/ilofanais, in some species of Leptognathia, in Paranartkrura, etc., fused, constituting a single long or very long joint sometimes with a vestige of division. Sixth joint is well developed, seventh always very small.
The thoracic legs have always the second joint long; the first joint is quite short but most frequently discoverable. The "claw" on the sixth joint is composed of the seventh joint and the real claw, and the limit or suture between these two parts is most frequently distinct. In the descriptions the joints are named according to their real number.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
The ehelipeds are somewhat difficult. In Apseudes a cheliped seems to consist of only five joints instead of seven plus claw. Rut the presence of an exopod on the first joint proves that it is the second (according to the earlier morphology), and from a comparison with the second pair of legs it is evident that the long joint preceding the chela has been formed by the complete fusion of two joints; finally, the movable finger of the chela answers to the "claw" in the following legs, thus con- sisting of seventh joint and the real claw. In most genera of Tanaidse the ehelipeds consist of the same five joints as in Apseudes, but in several forms, as in the male of Neotanais giganteus, in Crypto- copc Vbringii and C-arctophylax and above all in Anarthrura (comp. Sars' figures) we find a conspicuous piece developed as a separate plate or (in Anarthrura) a large real joint between the usual "first" joint and the body; this plate or joint is certainly the real first joint which in most forms of the order is feebly or not marked off from the cephalothorax. As the ehelipeds show such tangled morphology I have abstained from applying the counting method when the joints to be described must be indicated. Therefore I use some of the names applied by H. Milne-Edwards to the joints of the legs in Decapoda; whether most of the joints in the legs of Tanaidacea and Decapoda can be considered identical as to morphological value according to their number is another and very difficult question not to be discussed here. The apparently first and very conspicuous joint of the ehelipeds in most forms is named the basal; the real first joint in Anarthrura and the plate marked off in the forms just enumerated is named the coxal joint. The joint beyond the basal is named the ischium, but in most forms it affords no character worth mentioning. The next joint is named the carpus, though morphologically it answers to meros and carpus; in the descriptions of the chela I speak of hand and fingers, the hand going to the insertion of the movable finger.
F. On generic and specific Characters.
In this report I establish only three genera, all belonging to the Tanaidse. Two of these are well separated, but the third, founded on a single specimen, was established only because it fits badly in the genera known, though it does not seem to possess any single really good generic character. The big genus Leptognathia is divided into groups, and in the future it will certainly be divided into three or four genera, but I think it better to postpone this splitting up until a good number of unknown forms have been discovered, because the Carcinologist will then be more able to settle the value of several characters, whether they mav be considered of generic or only of specific value. And here we fall in with a difficulty. It is with good reason that Sars laid stress on the mouth-parts in females (and immature males) as affording generic characters and especially on the development of the mandibles and the shape of their molar process, if that is present. But of numerous new species the material is very scanty or even consisting of onlv a single specimen, and in such cases an exam- ination of the mouth-parts was postponed. Furthermore many species are so small, that several Carcinologists dealing with such animals are scarcely able to dissect the mouth-parts in such a way that a good representation of the mandibles can be given. And by the examination of the mouth- parts in various species of Leptognathia I found that two such species as L. subcequalis n. sp. and L. ven- f ralis n. sp., which are rather allied in most characters and may be referred to the same group, show
The Danish [ngolf-Expedition. ill. ;. 2
IO
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
in the shape and equipment of the molar processes such differences as those judged by Sars to be of generic value. The result is that the value of the shape of the molar processes as generic characters is lessened both from a scientific and a practical standpoint.
Though the descriptions of species published by G. O. Sars, Norman and Stebbing on the whole must be considered good, some of the characters in the family Tauaidae used by these authors are scarcely sufficiently sharp, as a larger number of species have been discovered and it can be proved than hundreds of species are still undiscovered. While drawing the figures I found it necessary to use the ocular micrometer very much in order to figure as exactly as possible not only the relative length of the segments and of the joints of all appendages, but besides the exact proportion between length and breadth or depth of the joints of the chelipeds, the auteunulse and the peduncles of the uropods. Very frequently it is stated in the following pages that a joint is somewhat less than twice as long as deep or more than half as long again as another joint, etc., and in all such and several other cases the statements are founded upon measurements. As some slight individual variation exists and in some cases may be more pronounced, the proportions stated may sometimes be only approxim- ative, but in spite of such variation I thought it better to give statements based on measurements than such founded on measuring by the eye.
Especially the relative length and breadth or depth of some of the joints of the chelipeds afford excellent specific characters, but care must be taken that the joints are seen exactly from the side, as an oblique position of a joint produces an erroneous impression as to the relative dimensions. The shape and length of all or of the three proximal joints of the antennulae are also valuable. The processes on the ventral side of the abdominal segments in Cryptocope Voringii G. O. S. and C. arc/o- phylax Norm. & Stebb. were pointed out in the literature, but in many species of Leptognathia the presence or absence of ventral tubercles or of a peculiar process afford valuable characters. But it is scarcely necessary to say more on these topics, as the perusal of a few descriptions of species belonging to different genera may elucidate the methods applied.
Fam. I. Apseudidae.
This family comprises eight genera, but only two are represented in the collection.
ApseudeS Leach. In the literature twenty-eight species have been established. The "Ingolf" captured three species, one of which is new; furthermore two species, both new, have been secured by the "Thor".
i. Apseudes spinosus M. Sars. 1859. Rhoea spinosa M. Sars, Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania for 1858, p. 30.
1886. Apseudes spinosus Norman & Stebbing, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, Vol. XII, Pt. IV, p. 85,
PI. XVII, fig. 1.
1896.
O.O. Sars, Account Crust. Norway, Vol.11, p. 7, Pis. I —II.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. n
Remarks. As to this species I refer to Sars' description and good figures. It may only be mentioned that the largest of the females measures 13.8 mm. and was taken by the "Ingolf"; the largest male, 12 mm. long, is from Lat. 6o°5'N.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has taken this species at a single station: West Iceland: St. 87 : Lat. 650 02.3' N., Long. 230 56.2' W., nofm.; 7 spec.
The "Thor" has secured it at 3 stations:
South of Iceland: Lat. 63° 46' N., Long. 22° 56' W., 80 fm.; 1 spec.
— - — Lat. 63°i5' N., Long. 22° 23' W., 114 — 172 fm.; 5 spec. South-West of the Fseroes: Lat. 6i°i5' N., Long. 9°35'W., 400—500^11.; numerous spec.
Distribution. The species occurs along the whole coast of Norway, from Vadso to Christi- ania Fjord, in depths from 30 to 150 fm. (G. O. Sars), and even 180 fm. (Norman). It has been taken off Bohuslan (Lilljeborg), in the eastern part of Kattegat, 17 to 30 fm. and in Skager Rak, 70 to 226 fm. (H. J. Hansen). Between the Shetland Islands and Norway it has been taken two times by Caud. mag. Ad. Jensen ("Michael Sars") in 1902: Lat. 6i°o' N., Long. 2° 35' E, 150 fm., temp. 7.90, 1 spec, and Lat. 6o° 5' N., Long. 30 42' E., 190 fm., temp. 6.10, 21 spec; the "Thor" secured it near the Orkney Islands: Lat. 58°32' N., Long. 40 18' E., 150 fm. Tattersall has enumerated it from three places West of southern Ireland and in such depths as 293, 320 and 375 fm., and according to Norman & Stebbing it was taken off S. S. W. Ireland in 7251111. — According to Norman Apseudes Koehleri Bonn., established on a specimen from the Bay of Biscay, is to be cancelled as a synonym to A.spinosus; but judging from Bounier's drawings that reference is still somewhat doubtful.
2. Apseudes vicinus n. sp.
(PI. I. figs. 1 a— ic.)
Immature Female. Allied to A.spinosus M. Sars, but differing in a number of features. — The eye-lobes (fig. ia) are more produced and more excavated in front than in A.spinosus, with the result, that the transverse portion is very short and the outer process long, acute; the lateral process behind the eye-lobe is more conspicuous than in the form mentioned, with the anterior margin somewhat arcuate and the outer angle acute and a little produced. The lateral margin behind last- named process is nearly straight excepting in front. The upper surface of the carapace with the transverse furrow very distinct, long.
The antenuuhe in the main as in A. spinostcs; the first joint with the proximal half of its inner margin serrate; the outer flagellum 8-jointed, the inner 4-jointed and somewhat more than half as long as the outer. Antennae with the flagellum 7-jointed; the squama reaches the end of the penultimate joint of the flagellar peduncle.
Chelipeds (fig. ib) nearly as in A.spinosus, but the lower margin of the carpus is somewhat longer than that of the ischium while in A. spinosus the lower margin of the carpus is shorter than that of the ischium and provided with two teeth not found in A. vicinus.
Thoracic segments somewhat longer in proportion to breadth than in A.spinosus, and the
3*
I2 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
lateral margins of the four posterior segments show considerable difference from A.sph/osus, as in A.viciiius the anterior lateral process of each of these segments is much broader at the base, and this proximal part has a short, triangular protuberance both in front of and behind the main part of the process; furthermore the angle in front of the basal joint of each leg is produced into a small, acute protuberance. The ventral surface of the segments with acute processes as in A. spiiiosus. — Second pair of legs (fig. i c) with a strong spine both from the anterior (upper) and the lower (posterior) angle of fourth joint, with a spine from the upper angle and two spines on the lower margin of fifth joint, while the sixth joint has two spines on the upper and five on the lower margin; fifth joint as long as the sixth and a little shorter than the fourth, while in A.spinosus the fifth joint is considerably shorter in proportion to the fourth.
Abdomen scarcely as long as the sum of the three posterior thoracic segments plus half of the fourth. The lateral processes of the five anterior segments somewhat long but distinctly shorter than in A.spinosus, the short terminal part of each process is suddenly slender. Sixth segment as long as the three preceding segments and half of the second segment combined, a little more than two and a half times as long as broad at the middle; the major anterior part of each lateral margin with six very feeble protuberances, each bearing a conspicuous seta. (Uropods lost excepting their basal joint.)
Length of the single immature female 6.3 mm.
Remarks. Among the characters enumerated in the description the shape of the eye-lobes, the processes on the lateral margins of the four posterior thoracic segments and the relative length of some of the joints in the chelipeds and second pair of legs are most easily observed.
Occurrence. Only taken by the "Thor" at the following locality.
South of Iceland: Lat. 62°57' N., Long. 19° 58' W., 505 ml.; 1 spec.
3. Apseudes tenuis n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 2 a — 2e).
Subadult Female. The eye-lobes are strongly produced and acute (fig. 2a), almost as much as in A. victims. The lateral process of the head shaped nearly as the eye-lobe; the lateral margin behind the last-named process considerably convex. The upper surface of the carapace with the trans- verse furrow very distinct, long.
The antennula; more slender than in the preceding species; first peduncular joint more than four times as long as the second and with the proximal half of the inner margin distinctly serrate; the inner flagellum 10-jointed, more than two-thirds as long as the outer which is 13-jointed. — An- tennae (fig. 2a) with the flagellum 9-jointed and the squama not reaching the end of the penultimate joint of the flagellar peduncle.
Chelipeds (fig. 2C) considerably more slender than in A.viciiius but conspicuously stronger than in the two following species. Basal joint on the posterior margin with some minute spiniform sets on the proximal part and somewhat before its end a very protruding angle bearing a strong spine, while the anterior margin is furnished with some seta;; the ischium has two spines near the end of the lower margin; the carpus slender with the lower margin unarmed and more than half as long
CRUSTACEA MAI,ACOSTRACA. II.
*3
again as the lower margin of the ischium. The chela almost four times as long as broad, with the posterior margin slightly concave; the movable finger half as long again as the front margin of the hand.
Thoracic segments (figs. 2a and 2b) a little more slender than in A.viciims ; second segment as long as the third. Five posterior segments with their anterior lateral processes in the main shaped as in A.vzcmus, excepting that their distal part is more slender and generally more produced; a lateral, sharp, triangular protuberance in front of the insertion of the legs on the four posterior segments. — Second pair of legs (fig. 2d) a little more slender than in A. victims; fifth joint slightly longer than the sixth and as long as the fourth; second joint with a strong spine on the distal lower angle; fourth joint with a long spine both on the upper and the lower distal angle; fifth joint with a term- inal upper spine and two strong and distant spines on the lower margin; sixth joint twice as long as broad; with two spines above and six below; seventh joint with a minute tooth below at the middle. Seventh pair of legs (fig. 2e) with second joint nearly five times as long as broad; the following joints are rather slender; sixth joint twice as long as the seventh which is nearly as long as the claw.
Abdomen (fig. 2b) differs somewhat from that in A. victims. The lateral processes of the five anterior segments are long, distally more slender and directed more obliquely backwards than in that species. Sixth segment a little less than the combined length of second to fifth segment, scarcely less than three times as long as broad at the middle and with six pairs of lateral setae originating from minute tubercles. — (Uropods lost).
Length of the largest specimen, a female with small marsupial lamella", 10 mm.
Remarks. This species is intermediate between the two preceding more robust forms, A. spiuosas and A.vicin/is, and the two following very slender species. It is more similar to the latter forms by the slender chelae, but differs strongly from these and is rather allied to the two first-named species by the long and strong lateral processes on the abdomen, the serrate proximal half of the inner margin of first anteunular joint, etc.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has taken this species at two deep-sea stations: Davis Strait: St. 24: Lat. 63°o6'N., Long. 56°oo' W., 1199 fin., temp. 2.4°; 2I/2 spec.
Denmark Strait: St. 11: Lat. 640 34' N., Long. 310 12' W., 1300 fm., temp. 1.6°; 2 badly preserved spec.
4. Apseudes gracilis Norm. & Stebb.
(PI. I, figs. 3 a -3d.)
1886. Apseudes gracilis Norman & Stebbing, Transact. Zool. Soc. London, Vol. Nil, Pt. IV, p. 95, PI. XX.
Sub adult Female. As it disagrees with the description and figures of the English authors in some particulars, the more essential features may be mentioned.
The eye-lobes (fig. 3 a) have the outer distal angle produced in a thin, moderately short process directed nearly forwards. The lateral processes somewhat small, but otherwise shaped and directed about as the eye-lobes. The surface of the carapace has no transverse furrow.
Autennulae (fig. 3a) somewhat short; the first joint somewhat short, about two and a half times as long as the second, without serration on the inner margin; the outer flagellum 13-jointed, a little shorter than the sum of the two proximal peduncular joints and four times as long as the short,
14 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
3-jointed inner flagellnm. • Antennae with the squama conspicuously shorter than the penultimate joint of the flagellar peduncle; the flagellnm 8-jointed.
Chelipeds (fig. 3 b) agreeing with the figure of Norman & Stebbing, thus rather slender and without any spine or tooth on the posterior or lower margin of the joints. Basal joint not fully four times as long as broad; lower margin of the carpus half as long again as that of the ischium. Chela almost three and a half times as long as broad, with the posterior margin somewhat concave; movable finger conspicuously more than half as long again as the front margin of the hand and considerably overreaching the fixed finger, which has the major part of the distal half of its incisive margin finely serrate (fig. 3 c) and a number of setae inserted 011 the outer side along the serration.
Second thoracic segment, seen from above (fig. 3a), has the first joint of its legs triangular with the front margin even sloping a little backwards and the outer angle produced a little forwards; third segment with the outer angle acute and produced slightly forwards. The four posterior segments more slender than in .i. vicinus; their lateral process proportionately somewhat small with the terminal part thin and no protruding proximal angle in front or behind; each segment furthermore with a small or rather small process on the ventral surface. — Second pair of legs (fig. 3d) somewhat slender; second joint without any spine at the posterior distal angle; fourth joint even slightly longer than the two following joints combined, without any spine above or below at the end, but with a number of setae on the upper part of the outer side and along the distal half of the lower margin; fifth joint slightly shorter than the sixth and even slightly broader than long, with a terminal upper spine and two spines on the lower margin; sixth joint distinctly less broad than the fifth, not much longer than broad, with two distal spines above and eight spines along the lower margin; seventh joint with two denticulations below. — (Seventh pair of legs lost in the specimen).
Abdomen about as long as the four posterior thoracic segments combined, slender. Five anterior segments not fully as slender but otherwise shaped nearly as in the following species, thus with the processes from the postero-lateral angles thin and very short, but without processes below. Sixth segment about as long as the sum of the four preceding segments, not fully four times as long as broad, without minute lateral tubercles or setae. — (Uropods lost).
Length of the specimen described, a female with the marsupial lamellae very small, 13 mm.
Remarks. The subadult specimen agrees with the description of Norman & Stebbing in some important characters: the anteunulae without serration on the first joint and a very short, 3-joiuted inner flagellnm (according to the text of the English authors this flagellum is 4-joiuted, but the figure has only 3 joints), the antennal squama short, the general shape of the chelipeds with setae on the fixed finger and no spines on any joint, finally the shape and armature of the joints of seconds legs excepting that the lower margin of sixth joint has only 8 spines instead of 10. But it differs in several features: the processes of the cephalothorax and thoracic segments are much smaller than according to the English figures, the abdomen has 110 processes below and no tubercles on the last segment, the movable finger of the chelae is longer than the fixed, finally some further particulars to be found by a comparison of my text with the description of Norman cc Stebbing. I am, however, apt to think that my immature specimen is only a kind of variety of A.gracilis, not a separate species, and especially the shape and armature of the joints of second pair of legs bear strong witness for this view.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 15
Together with the specimen described a very young specimen, measuring only 5.7 mm. and with seventh pair of thoracic legs not developed, was taken. It shows several peculiarities due to its very young age, and among these one may be pointed out, viz. that the lower margin of the sixth joint of second legs has only 5 spines; besides it has a spine at the lower distal angle of fourth joint of the same legs, but this feature may be interpreted as variation.
Occurrence: The "Ingolf" has captured this species at a single station.
Denmark Strait: St. 10: Lat. 64° 24' N., Long. 280 50' W., 788 fin., temp. 3.5°; 1 subadult and 1 very
young specimen.
Besides the "Valorous" took the species at the following place.
South of Davis Strait: Lat. 590 10' N., Long. 500 26' W., 1750 fin.
Distribution. According to the English authors quoted this species was taken by the "Valorous" at two stations situated considerably South of the Denmark Strait, viz.: Lat. 56°n' N., Long. 370 41' W., 1450 fm., and Lat. 55° 10' N., Long. 250 58' W., 1785 fin.
5. Apseudes gracillimus n. sp.
(PI. I, figs. 4 a— 4 e).
Subadult Female. Body and appendages still more slender than in A. gracilis. — Cephalo- thorax nearly as in that species, but the eye-lobes more produced. The carapace without transverse furrow.
The antennulge (fig 4a) as long as the carapace and the two anterior free segments combined; first joint slender, about three times as long as the second, without serration on the inner margin. Outer flagellum 17-jointed, about as long as the peduncle and more than two and a half times as long as the 4-jointed flagellum. — The antennae almost as long as the antennular peduncles; flagellum 8-jointed; the squama reaches beyond the end of the penultimate joint of the flagellar peduncle.
The chelipeds very slender (fig. 4c) and their joints without spines or serration on the lower (posterior) margin. Second joint is considerably curved, long, only a little shorter than the carpus, five times as long as broad; carpus with the lower margin only somewhat less than twice as long as that of the ischium. Chela four times as long as broad, with the posterior margin very concave; the movable finger twice as long as the front margin of the hand and considerably longer than the fixed finger, which has about 4 setae along the distal half of its incisive margin but no serration or setigerous area.
Second thoracic segment (fig. 4a) has the first joint of the legs triangular with the front margin nearly transverse and only the terminal angle produced slightly forwards as an acute denticle. The four posterior segments have the lateral processes considerably produced, distally slender, acute, and no produced angles from their proximal part; the processes on the lower surface of the segments conspicuous or even rather long. -- Second pair of legs (fig. 4 d) slender, second joint with a spine on the lower distal angle; fourth joint conspicuously longer than the sum of the two following joints and with a spine on the lower distal angle; fifth joint about half as long again as broad, slightly longer than the sixth, with a terminal spine above and two spines on the lower margin; sixth joint
16 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
iii the largest specimen with 7, in somewhat smaller specimens with 6 spines on the lower margin and 2 on the upper; seventh joint with three denticulations below. — Seventh pair of legs (fig. 4e) very slender; second joint about five and a half times as long as broad; sixth joint has on the distal half of the inner margin a row of small spines; seventh joint even slightlv longer than the sixth; the claw more than two-thirds as long as seventh joint.
Abdomen (fig. 4 b) not quite as long as the sum of the four posterior thoracic segments, very slender. The five anterior segments with conspicuous, slender processes below, and the processes from the postero-lateral angles very short and slender. Sixth segment as long as the three preceding segments combined, even a little more than four times as long as broad at the middle, without tubercles and lateral seta?.
Length of the largest specimens, with the marsupial lamella; very small, 14 mm.
Remarks. This species differs from A. gracilis Norm. & Stebb. in several features of more or less importance. But some characters, viz. the considerably longer inner flagellum of the anteunulae, the extreme slenderness of the chelipeds, no serration or setigerous area on the fixed finger of the chela, finally the oblong fifth joint of second pair of legs show, according to my judgment, that the form must be considered a separate species.
Occurrence. Only taken by the "Thor" at the following locality.
South of Iceland: Lat. 620 57' N., Long. i9°58'W., 505 fm.; 13 specimens, all mutilated or in
fragments.
SphyrapuS Norman, M. S., G. O. Sars. Five species have been established, three of which are represented in our material.
6. Sphyrapus anomalus G. O. Sars.
1869. Apseudes anomalus G. O. Sars, Nyt Mag. for Naturv. B. XVI, p. 439.
1881. Sphyrapus — — , Arch, for Math, og Naturv. B. 7, p. 19.
1886. — Norman & Stebbing, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, Vol. XII, Pt. IV, p. 101,
PL XXI, fig. II. ! 1896. — G. O. Sars, Account Crust. Norway, Vol. II, p. 9; Pis. Ill— IV.
This species, which has been excellently figured and described by G O. Sars, is closely allied to the next form, S. scrratus G. O. S. The most conspicuous and perhaps also the most valuable difference between them is the shape of the "epimera" of the five anterior abdominal segments; in S. serrafits these epimera are, seen from above, very outstanding, obliquely triangular, acute but not acuminate, constituting a real saw; in .S'. anomalus they were described by Sars as "not at all pro- duced" and drawn as scarcely or not visible from above, which agrees well with their shape in the males, but often not completely with their shape in the females. In the female from "Ingolf" St. 4 the epimera are visible from above, but much smaller than in S. serratus, with the freely outstanding part rather narrow, acuminate and acute, and in several other females the epimera, seen obliquely from above and somewhat from the side, are a little produced, acute, but directed mainly downwards. In all specimens of S. anomalus the fifth joint of second pair of legs has only two strong spines on
CRUSTACEA MALACCKSTRACA. II. 17
the distal part of its lower margin, while all adult females of S. serratus have three such spines (in a single specimen only two spines on one leg and three on the other); furthermore the basal joint of the antenuulse is a little broader and shorter in S. a no ma lux than in S. serratus. Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has taken this species at eight stations.
Davis Strait: St. 32: Lat. 66° 35' X, Long. 560 38' W., 318 frn., temp. 3.90; 2 spec.
St. 28: Lat. 65°i4'N., Long. 55° 42' W., 420 fin., temp. 3.50; 2 spec. — — St. 25: Lat. 63°3o'N., Long. 540 25' W., 582 fm., temp. 3.30; large num-
ber of specimens. West of Iceland: St. 8: Lat. 63° 56' N., Long. 240 40' W., 136 fm., temp. 6.00; 2 spec.
South-West of Iceland: St. 85: Lat. 630 21' N., Long. 25°2i'W., 170 fm.; 3 spec. East of Iceland: St. 4: Lat. 640 07' N., Long. n° 12' W., 237 fm., temp. 2.50; 1 spec.
North of Iceland: St. 126: Lat. 67° 19' N., Long. i5°52'W., 293 fm., temp, -f- 0.50; 10 spec.
St. 124: Lat. 67°4o'N., Long. i5°4o'W., 495 fm., temp, -h o.6°; 1 young. Furthermore the species has been taken at East Greenland by two Danish expeditions. Cape Dalton: Lat. 690 246' N., ab. Long. 230 30' W., 9— n fm., IF Amdrup Exp.; large number
of specimens. Lat. 69°25'N., Long. 200 r W., 167 fm., large stones and clay, Ryder Exp.; 1 spec. Hurry Inlet: Lat. 700 50' N., Long. 22°3i'W., 10 fm., II'1 Amdrup Exp.; 1 specimen. Lat. 72°40'N., Long. 20° 10' W., 100 fm., Ryder Exp.; 1 spec.
Distribution. S. anomalus has been captured by Cand. mag. Ad. Jensen ("Michael Sars") at two places North-East and East of the Shetlands Islands: Lat. 6i° 40' N., Long. 3°n'E., 220 fm.; 1 spec, and Lat. 6o°57' N., Long. 3°42' E., 190 fm., temp. 6.10; 1 spec. The "Trior" has captured it in the Skager Rak in depths from 280 to 350 fm. Sars has taken it "along the whole Norwegian coast from the Christiania Fjord to Yadso", in depths "from 100 to 400 fathoms". Finally it is known from the Kara Sea, 50 fm. (Hansen 1 and from the places South of Novaia Zemlia, between Lat. 700 20' and 70° 40' N., Long. 54° 08' and 560 35' East, 61 and 90 meters (Stappers).
According to all these statements S. anomalus has been taken a single time in 50 fathoms in the verv cold Kara Sea, three times in still lesser depths South of Novaia Zemlia and at numerous places in depths between 100 and 582 fathoms both in the cold area and especially at localities with the temperature somewhat or even considerably above the zero.
7. Sphyrapus serratus G. O. Sars. 1881. Sphyrapus serratus G. O. Sars, Arch, for Math, og Naturv. B. 7, p. 20. ! 1885. - — — Norske Nordhavs-Exp. Crust. I, p. 66, PI. XXI.
The differences between this species and S. anomalus have been pointed out above. Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has captured S. serratus at five stations, all in the cold deep- sea area.
North of Iceland: St. 124: Lat. 67^ 40' N., Long. 150 40' W., 495 fm., temp. -^ o.6°; 1 spec.
— St. 125: Lat. 68°o8'N., Long. 160 02' W., 729 fm., temp. -^ o.8°; 1 spec.
The Ingolf-Expedition. III. >. 3
l8 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
South of Jan Mayen: St. 119: Lat. 670 53' N., Long. io° 19' W., 1010 fm., temp. -=- 1,0°; 4 spec.
St. 117: Lat. 690 13' N., Long. 8° 23' W., 1003 fm., temp. -=- i,o°; 4 spec. St. 113: Lat. 69°3i'N., Long. 70 06' W., 1309 fm., temp, -h i,o°; 4 spec. Besides this species has been taken by the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition at two sta- tions between Norway and Iceland in 1163 fm. and 1215 fm. and the temperatures were -=- 1.10 and -i- i.2Q; besides it was taken West of Spitsbergen : Lat. 770 58' N., Long. 50 io' E., 1333 fm., temp. -f- 1.40 (Sars).
5. serratus has thus been captured in all nine times, and always in temperatures somewhat or considerably below zero.
8. Sphyrapus tudes Norm. & St ebb.1). 1886. Sphyrapus fades Norman & Stebbing, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, Vol. XII, Pt. IV, p. 99; PI.
XXII, fig. 1. This very characteristic species has been well described and figured by the English authors. Occurrence. X tudes has not been taken by the "Ingolf" but at two localities by the "Thor". South-West of the Fseroes: Lat. 6i° 15' N, Long. 90 35' W., 475 fm.; 26 spec. — - - Lat. 6i° 7' N., Long. 9°3o'W., 440 fm.; 22 spec.
Distribution. This species was taken by the "Porcupine" South of Rockall: Lat. 56° 13' N., Long. 140 18' W., 420 fm. (Normau & Stebbing).
Fam. II. Tanaidae.
This family comprises eighteen genera hitherto established; twelve of these are represented in the "Ingolf" material, and three new genera are established.
NeotanaiS Beddard. [Alaotanais Norm. & Stebb.).
This genus, which contains some of the largest forms of the family, comprises five species al- ready established. The "Ingolf collection contains two species, one of which is new, but a third species is enumerated below because it was taken by an English expedition near the entrance of the Davis Strait.
9. Neotanais serratispinosus Norm. & Stebb. (PI. I, figs. 6a— 6b; PI. II, figs, ia-ic).
1886. Alaotanais serratispinosus Norman & Stebbing, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, Vol. XII, Pt. IV, p.
in; PI. XXIII, fig. 1; PI. XXIV, fig. 1.
>) The fourth species of this genus, Sphyrapus malleolus Norm. & Stebb., can scarcely be included in this report, as it has not been taken by any Danish expedition, and the most northern among the localities enumerated by the English authors is at Lat. 570 n'N., Long. 370 41' W., thus South-East of Cape Farewell, but about 12 geographical miles South of the area dealt with in the present paper.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 19
Norman &: Stebbiiig have published a good description and a number of figures of this cha- racteristic species. The single adult specimen at hand, a female with the marsupium fully developed, measures 6.7 ,nm in length, and is somewhat smaller than the largest specimen seen by the English authors, as they stated it to be 8.5 mm long. My specimens agree well with their description, but I think it useful to give some analytical figures with some remarks.
The chelae (fig. 6a) are somewhat longer than the carpus, a little more than twice as long as broad, with the posterior margin considerably sinuate, as almost its proximal half is conspicuously concave, the distal half rather convex. The movable finger is somewhat shorter than the front margin of the hand; its incisive margin is armed with six low to extremely low teeth (fig. 6b) increasing much in breadth from the proximal to the penultimate tooth and decreasing much in height from the first to the last tooth; each tooth has its distal end produced into a minute, oblong-triangular, acute tip. The fixed finger has its terminal part bent considerably and shaped as a thick, somewhat spiniform process with the margins glabrous, while the remaining long part of the incisive margin has almost its proximal half furnished with a close row of numerous very small teeth and the distal portion with five large, very broad and proportionately somewhat low, obtuse, brownish teeth.
Fig. 1 a represents the terminal part of third left thoracic leg from behind ; some nine long, glabrous and strong setae originate in an oblique row from the margin of sixth joint, which above terminates in three very thick, serrate spines; seventh joint, seen in the intervals between the setae, is distally slender and three times as long as the straight claw. — Fig. ib represents the terminal part of sixth left leg from behind, and fig. 1 c the corresponding part of seventh left leg from above ; the last-named part has a transverse row of spines above the base of the long setae at the end of sixth joint; in both legs the seventh joint is distally a little flattened and widened towards the rounded end which expands as a roof beyond the insertion of the claw; the distal part of seventh joint is closely serrate along the terminal margin and the most distal portion of the lateral margins, and from this serration to near the middle of the joint each lateral margin has a very close row of minute, very slender spines; the claw is half or more than half as long as seventh joint.
Occurrence. This fine species was taken by the "Ingolf" at a single station.
South of Greenland: St. 22: Lat. 580 10' N., Long. 480 25' W., 1845 im-i temp. 1.40; 3 spec.
Distribution. Norman & Stebbing examined specimens from a station South of Greenland at Lat. 560 11' N., Long. 370 41' W., 1450 fm., and from two localities respectively North-West of Ireland and West of North Ireland, 1360 and 1380 fm.
10. Neotanais hastiger Norm. &. St ebb. 1886. Alaotauais hastiger Norman & Stebbing, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, Vol. XII, Pt. IV, p. 1103;
PI. XXIII, fig. 2. Occurrence. This species, which has not been gathered by any Danish expedition and has never been seen by me, is enumerated here because the single specimen hitherto known has been taken by the "Valorous" at a locality not far from the "Ingolf St. 38 and between this station and Cape Farewell, viz. at Lat. 590 10' N., Long. 50° 25' W., 1750 fm.
3*
2o CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
ii. Neotanais giganteus n. sp. (PI. II, figs. 2a— 2 h.)
Adult Male. Carapace nearly as long as the three following segments combined, seen from above peculiarly shaped (fig. 2 a), as scarcely its front half has the lateral margins feebly convex and is only a little longer than broad, while the major posterior part is laterally considerably expanded, but the postero-lateral area of this part is subquadrangular, well marked off by a suture and must be considered the coxal joint of the chelipeds. A portion of each lateral margin somewhat behind the front angle is furnished with a close row of outstanding, stiff setae (fig. 2 b).
The ocular plate is well marked off (fig. 2 c), nearly ovate, with the end subacute and without any vestige of visual elements. — The antenuulae (fig. 2 b) are somewhat longer than the carapace, 7-jointed; the first joint is very long, as long as the other joints combined, seen from above with the inner margin straight, the major proximal part of the outer margin distinctly concave, but the distal part of this margin somewhat convex and bearing a close longitudinal row of horizontal, stiff setae. Second joint almost as thick, but somewhat less than half as long, as the first, with a shorter row of stiff, horizontal setae on the outer margin. Third joint is short and rather thick; fourth joint is some- what shorter than the second, tapers much towards the end and has on the outer side a long row of long sensory hairs; fifth and sixth joints, and especially the last-named, are short, and seventh joint is extremely short. — The antennae (fig. 2 c) 9-jointed; second, fourth and fifth joints long; third joint a little longer than deep; sixth joint a little shorter and considerably thinner than the fifth; seventh and especially eighth joint somewhat shorter and thinner than the sixth, and ninth joint short and very thin.
The chelipeds (fig. 2 d) are robust. The coxal joint is mentioned above. The basal joint is moderately short but extremely thick, its whole lower side being produced downwards as a long, thick and rounded protuberance. The carpus is long, almost three times as long as deep, and the proximal third of its lower margin is deeply concave. The chela is a little longer than the carpus, two and a half times as long as broad; the movable finger, which is much curved near the middle and somewhat shorter than the strongly convex anterior margin of the hand, has almost the proximal half of its incisive margin serrate and a strong, triangular tooth considerably beyond the middle. The fixed finger has on the incisive margin near its middle a long, straight, subcylindrical, distally rounded pro- cess, and near the base a broad protuberance with two small incisions. The fingers cross each other greatly, while a large interval is left between their major proximal part.
The thoracic segments subsimilar in shape, length and breadth (fig. 2 a), excepting the seventh segment which is somewhat shorter; the lateral margins of the segments are very convex. — The legs are moderately slender and somewhat long, all subsimilar, the only exception being that the real claw is extremely short on the anterior pairs (fig. 2 f), a little longer on the posterior pairs (fig. 2 g). Third joint is extremely short, fifth joint a little longer than the fourth, a little shorter than the sixth (fig. 2 e), and the distal half of its lower side is furnished with a number of setae; sixth joint has the distal half of the lower margin and the end set with a good number of setae; seventh joint with claw much shorter than sixth joint.
The abdomen as long as the sum of the four preceding segments; its four anterior segments are broader than the thorax; the pleopods are strongly developed. Sixth segment not quite as long
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 2I
as the two preceding segments combined, somewhat narrower than fifth segment, and posteriorly emarginate. — Uropods (figs. 2 a and 2 h) slightly shorter than the abdomen; peduncle abont two and a half times as long as broad; endopod very long with thirteen joints, the first joint conspicuously thicker than the second and third and as long as these two combined; exopod very small, two-jointed, with the proximal joint shorter than the distal.
Length 20 mm.
Remarks. Though new species of this family as a rule ought not to be founded on adult males, I venture to establish a new species on the specimen described, because it is not only charac- teristic but very much larger than any specimen of Tanaida? hitherto captured. The animal when hauled up from the sea was quite white.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has taken this species at a single station.
Davis Strait: St. 36: Lat. 6i°5o'N., Long. 56°2i'W., 1435 fm., temp, r.50; 1 spec.
Heterotanais G. o. s.
Of this genus nine species have been established. The material at hand contains only a single probably new species.
12. Heterotanais groenlandicus n. sp.
(PI. I, figs. 5a— 5 g.)
1887. Heterotanais limicola H. J. Hansen, Vidensk. Medd. Naturh. Forening i Kobenhavn for 1887,
p. 178 (Probably not H. (Paratanais) limicola Harger).
Female. The body (fig. 5a) about six times as long as broad. — Carapace only a little longer than the two anterior thoracic segments combined, a little longer than broad, anteriorly not fully half as broad as somewhat before the posterior margin (fig. 5 b).
The eye-lobes are considerably produced, distally not angular but rounded (fig. 5 c); the eyes are moderately large, black, but the black pigment renders it impossible to count the ocelli, a couple of which are seen at the hind margin of the black spot. The antennula; (figs. 5 a and 5 c) are a
little shorter than the carapace, somewhat slender; first joint somewhat longer than the two others combined, almost four times as long as deep; third joint about twice as long as the second. - An- tenna; somewhat slender; fourth joint (formed by fusion of fourth and fifth joints) only as long as the two preceding joints combined.
The chelipeds (fig. 5 c) are somewhat robust; the carpus is almost twice as long as deep. The chela is somewhat longer than the carpus and somewhat more than twice as long as broad; the movable finger is much shorter than the hand; the fixed finger (fig. 3d) is somewhat expanded on the incisive side with about three low protuberances and near the end rather broad and distally rect- angular, while the very short apical part of the finger is slender and marked off from the inner expansion.
Second pair of legs (fig. 5 c) with a very long seta from the upper distal angle of fifth joint; sixth joint about as long as fifth and fourth joints combined and a little shorter than seventh joint with claw; seventh joint a little shorter than the claw. Third pair of legs (fig. 5 e) have the seventh
22 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
joint and the claw about equal in length and together conspicuously more than half as long as the sixth joint. Seventh pair of legs (fig. 5 ft with the second joint proportionately somewhat slender, four times as long as broad.
Abdomen scarcely or slightly broader than the thorax. — Uropods a little more than half as long as the abdomen; the endopod five-jointed (fig. 5g), but sometimes the first joint is divided again into two joints by a less conspicuous suture, and the relative length of the joints shows considerable variation; exopod as long as or longer than the first joint of the endopod, two-jointed.
Length of a female with marsupium 2.9 mm.
Remarks. In the above-named paper I had referred specimens of this species to Heterotanais (Paratanais) limicola Harger, though, as may be seen in the paper, I was well aware that Harger's description of the eyes did not agree with my specimens. Harger said that "the eyes are small and inconspicuous", while in the specimens seen by me the eyes are of considerable size, black and consequently very conspicuous, and having examined a large number of species of this family I am now inclined to think that the difference mentioned is a specific character. Harger's figures of his H. limicola, especially that of the cheliped, are too small for forming a judgement of some particulars. — H.groenlandicus differs in several important features from H. Ocrstedii Kr., in which the eye-lobes are subacute, the third anteunular joint not much longer than the second, the carpus and the chela of the chelipeds considerably thicker and the endopod of the uropods only four-jointed.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" gathered this species at a single locality.
West coast of Greenland : Mouth of Ameralik Fjord, Godthaab (about at Lat. 64° 11' N.), 5 — 70 fin.,
shells; 25 spec.
The Copenhagen Museum possesses specimens from a few places in West Greenland, viz. Proven (Lat. 720 23' N., Long. 550 23' W.), 1 spec; Jakobshavn (Lat. 690 13' N., Long. 5i°o' W.), 1 spec, (brought home by Mag. Traustedt); Godthaab, 10 spec, found between numerous specimens of the genus Metopa dredged in "deep water" (probably 40—60 fin.) where the bottom was clothed with Sertularia.
Distribution. Apart from West Greenland this species has not yet been recorded.
Tanais H. Milne-Edw. Of this genus seventeen species have been established, but only a single form is known from our northern area.
13. Tanais Cavolinii H. Milne-Edw. 1829. Tanais Cavolinii H. Milne-Edwards, in Audouin and Milne-Edwards: Precis d'Entomologie, I,
PL XXIX, fig. 1 (Quoted from Miss Harr. Richardson). ! 1842. Tanais tomentosus Kroyer, Nat. Tidsskr. B. IV, p. 183.
? Kroyer, Voy. en Scand. Crust, PI 27, fig. 2 a — q.
1847. Kroyer, Nat. Tidsskr. Ny R, B. II, p. 412.
'.1896. G. O. Sars, Account Crust. Norway, Vol.11, p. 12, PI. V.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 23
1899. Tanais Cavolinii A. M. Norman, Aim. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, Vol. Ill, p. 332.
1905. — — Harr. Richardson, Mon. Isop. North America, Bull. U. S. Nat Mus. No. 54, p. 8.
The tangled synonymy of this well-known species is found in Norman's and Miss Richardson's papers.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" secured this species at a single locality.
Faeroes: Trangisvaag, between algae at the shore. Many specimens.
In the paper on the Malacostraca from West Greenland I stated that a specimen with the label: "Greenland, Kroyer's effects", was preserved in the Copenhagen Museum; for this reason I mentioned the species, but did not number it, as I feared that the statement was not quite certain. Nevertheless Norman and other authors have on my authority included "Greenland" in the enumeration of the distribution of the species. But as T. Cavolinii has not been found at Iceland and has not in recent time been captured at Greenland I am now nearly sure that the species does not live at the last-named country.
Distribution. This species is known from Oresund (Kroyer), the western coast of Norway northwards to Lat. 63° 20' N. (G. O. Sars), Scotland northwards ab. to Lat. 56'^ N. (Norman), Eng- land and Ireland (several authors), the Channel Islands (various authors), West France (Chevreux), many places in the western half of the Mediterranean (several authors), Azores (Barrois); finally Connecticut, Long Island Sound and Castle Harbour, Bermudas (H. Richardson). It lives always in quite shallow water, from the beach down to a few fathoms.
Pseudotanais G. o. s.
Of this genus five valid species have been established; four of these are boreal or arctic, while the fifth species is only known from the Mediterranean. The "Ingolf" captured six species, three of which are new.
This genus differs materially from all other genera by having fifth and sixth thoracic segments very long as compared with the fourth segment and especially with third and second segments. It is placed here because in some other features it is intermediate between Tanais and Paratanais — Typ/ilofanais. It agrees with Tanais and differs from the other genera in possessing only a single pair of marsupial lamellae; as to antennulas, antennae, uropods and development of second pair of legs as compared with the following pair it agrees on the whole with Paratanais — Typhlotanais ; as to the mouth-parts — mandibles and maxillipeds - - it differs strongly from the genera named and is more related to Leptognatliia, though showing peculiarities not found in the last-named genus.
14. Pseudotanais forcipatus Lilljeborg. (PL II, figs.3a-3e).
1864. Tanais forcipatns Lilljeborg, Bidrag till kannedomeu ora de inom Sverige och Norrige
forek. Crust, of .... Tanaidernas familj., p. 16 (Female and Male). 11897. Pseudotanais forcipatus G. O. Sars, Account Crust. Norw., Vol.11, p. 40; PI. XVII, fig. 1 (Female
and subadult Male).
24 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
11907. Pseudotanais forcipatus Vanhoffen, Zool. Jahrbiicher, Abth. fur Syst., Bd. XXV, p. 511; Taf. 20,
fig. 10—12 (Adult Male).
Female. Sars has published a good description with numerous figures of this sex. To his description may be added that the front margin of the head, seen from above, is shaped as 111 P. Lilljeborgii icomp. fig. 5 a), thus nearly transverse, feebly convex at the middle, not emarginate at the anteunulae, and the antero-lateral angles not produced.
The female is readily distinguished from the other northern species, excepting P. abyssi n. sp., by the strongly forcipate chela;; from P. abyssi it is separated by having no pleopods, the uropods much shorter, the antennulae and the walking legs shorter and thicker, etc.
Subadult Male. It has been figured and mentioned by Sars, who erroneously considered it the adult male. It agrees with the female in the shape of the chelae, the antennulae, the distal joints of the thoracic legs, etc., but it differs in three features: fourth and fifth thoracic segments shorter, but abdomen proportionately longer and thicker than in the female, and the pleopods well developed with long setse. — In younger male specimens the thoracic and abdominal segments are more similar to those of the female, while the pleopods are smaller with the setae short.
Adult Male. Almost fifty years ago Lilljeborg published a brief description in the Swedish language of this sex, but did not figure it, and some five years ago Vanhoffen (1. c.) pointed out the main differences between female and adult male, with three analytical figures of male appendages. A more full description may be given here.
The anterior end of the head about half as broad as the carapace (fig. 3a); the front margin is deeply emarginate at the base of each antennula (fig. 3 c) and the antero-lateral angles considerably produced with the end blunt; in a lateral view (fig. 3 b! the head is produced forwards covering the base of the outer side of the antennula as a rounded plate.
The antennulae are seven-jointed (figs. 3 b and 3 c); the two proximal joints are very thick, subequal in length and together a little longer than the five others combined; third joint broad and a little longer than the two next joints combined ; fourth joint very short, with a tuft of sensory hairs on the lower distal angle; the four distal joints increase considerably in length and decrease in thickness from the fourth to the seventh; fifth and sixth joints with some sensory hairs at the outer distal angle; seventh joint considerably longer than the sixth.
The chelae (fig. 3 b) are a little more than twice as long as broad and differ much from those of the female; the fixed finger at the base twice as broad as the movable, but the major distal part of its incisive margin is so concave, that a conspicuous interval is seen between the fingers when their terminal parts cross each other. The movable finger is evenly curved, somewhat longer than the front margin of the hand; the inner surface of the baud has above the insertion of the movable finger a transverse row of about nine peculiar setae.
Fifth thoracic segment (fig. 3 a) a little shorter than the two preceding segments combined and as long as sixth segment. The thoracic legs are conspicuously more slender than in the female. Second pair have the seventh joint with claw longer than sixth joint; third and fourth pairs with the spurs short and simple, while their seventh joint plus claw is only a little shorter than sixth joint; on the three posterior pairs (fig. 3d) seventh joint together with its claw is much longer
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
25
than in the female, about as long as the sixth joint, and the claw is conspicuously longer than seventh joint.
Abdomen much larger in proportion to the thorax than in the female, as long as the sum of the four posterior thoracic segments; sixth segment (fig. 3 e) produced considerably backwards, much longer than in the female and with the hind margin deeply emargiuate, while the postero-lateral angles are scarcely rounded. — Pleopods about as in the female P. abyss/, with moderately narrow rami and the setae very long. — Uropods (fig. 3 e) in the main as in the female, but a little more slender, and one of the terminal setae of the endopod extremely long.
Length of two males 1.25 and 1.40 mm.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has taken this species at two localities.
West Greenland: Inner end of Ameralik Fjord, Godthaab, muddy bottom; 43 specimens, 2 of
which are adult males.
North of Iceland: St. 128: Lat. 66° 50' N., Long. 20° 2' W., 194 fru., temp. o.6°; 4 spec.
P. forcipatus has besides been captured by other collectors at the following five localities within our area.
West Greenland: Karajok Fjord, ab. Lat. 70° 20' N. ; many spec. Vanhoffen.
East Iceland: Faskrud Fjord, 20—50 fm.; 1 spec. Mag. sc. R. Horring.
East Greenland: Cape Dalton, Lat. 69° 24' N., 9 — n fm.; 5 spec. {% and <?). II'1 Amdrup Exp. Turner Sound, Lat 69° 44' N., 3 fm.; 8 spec. IId Amdrup Exp. Denmark Isl., Lat. 70° 27' N., Long. 26° 12' W., 10 fm., clay; 2 spec. Ryder Exp. — - several spec. Ryder Exp.
Distribution. This species has been established on specimens taken off Bohuslan in 50 — 60 and 120— 130 fm. In the Danish seas it has been taken four times, viz. two times in the south-western Kattegat, 13 and 15 fm., and two times in Skager Rak, in 70 and 125 fm. (H. J. Hansen). According to Sars it has been found along the whole Norwegian coast northwards about to Lat. 70° N. Furthermore it was captured in Klosterelv Fjord, East Finmark, close upon the frontiers of Russia (A. M. Norman), in the Barents Sea at Lat. 760 26' N., Long. 6o°55' N., vertical pelagic haul from 30 to o meter (Stappers) and at Northbrook Island, Franz Joseph Land, 10 fm. (Th. Scott). Finally it is known from some localities in the northern Scotland, in 8 — 10 and 50 — 55 fm. (Th. Scott).
This species is thus boreal and arctic and lives in very moderate depths, from some few fathoms and down to nearly 200 fathoms.
15. Pseudotanais abyssi n. sp. (PI. II, figs. 4a-4i.)
Female. The body of the females with marsupium (fig. 4a) somewhat more than three times as long as broad ; in the immature female it is conspicuously more slender. — Carapace, seen from above, with the lateral margins considerably convex excepting near the front end and two and a half times as broad as this front end; the anterior margin feebly concave behind the antennuke, feebly produced at the middle and at the lateral angles. — Eyes wanting.
The anteunulse (figs. 4 a and 4 c) as long as the carapace, the second segment and half of the
The Ingolf- Expedition III. 3. 4
26 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
third segment combined, rather slender. First joint, seen from the side, not fully five times as long as deep, decreasing conspicuously in depth from the base towards the middle and somewhat longer than the two other joints combined; third joint only a little longer than the second. - Antennas (fig. 4c) moderately slender; second and third joints without any spine at the distal upper angle; fourth joint (in reality formed by a fusion of fourth and fifth joints) two and a half times as long as the penultimate joint.
Chelipeds (fig. 4 d) somewhat slender. Carpus conspicuously longer than the basal joint, two and a half times as long as deep. Chela much longer than the carpus, nearly two and a half times as long as broad, with the posterior margin feebly concave; the fixed finger only slightly broader than the proximal part of the movable and keeping the same breadth from near the base to the middle; the movable finger is conspicuously longer than the front margin of the hand, moderately slender, with the major part of its incisive margin almost convex, at the base far from touching the fixed finger, so that the fingers, when their distal parts are crossed, are very forcipate, leaving a consider- able triangular interval between their proximal halves.
Fifth thoracic segment (fig. 4 b) as long as the sum of the three preceding segments and scarcely or slightly longer than the sixth segment. — The thoracic legs are sleuder and somewhat long. Second pair (fig. 4 e) with sixth joint a little shorter than fourth and fifth joints combined (the arti- culation between these two joints forgotten on the figure) and almost half as long again as seventh joint with claw, and seventh joint itself is much shorter than the claw. Third pair (fig. 4 f) with the sixth joint not quite half as long again as the fifth and twice as long as seventh joint with claw; seventh joint and claw equal in length; spur on fifth joint moderately slender, not expanded; con- siderably less than half as long as sixth joint. Three posterior pairs of legs (fig. 4 g) with second joint long and slender, sixth joint a little longer than the fifth, seventh joint rather short, claw ex- tremely short; the spur slender and only about as long as the diameter of the joint.
The abdomen somewhat longer thau the sum of the two preceding segments (fig. 4 a). Pleopods well developed; their rami with very long setse (fig. 4I1). — Uropods somewhat long (fig. 41); eudopod with the proximal joint a little longer than the distal; exopod slender, reaching a little or somewhat beyond the end of the first joint of the endopod, and its two very distinct joints subequal in length.
Length of a female with the marsupium half developed i.i7mm.
Remarks. This small species agrees with P. forcipatus in having no eyes and the chelae strongly forcipate, but it differs from it in several features, especially in possessing well developed pleopods with long setae, longer uropods, longer and more slender chelipeds and legs. P. abyssi bears some resemblance to P. oailatus n. sp., but the latter differs in having distinct ocelli, the chelae con- spicuously less forcipate, the exopod of the uropods longer and in several particulars in the legs. From the other northern species of the genus P. abyssi differs greatly, above all in having the chelae strongly forcipate.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" secured this species at a single station.
Davis Strait: St. 36: Lat. 6i° 50' N.. Long. 560 21' W., 1435 fin., temp. 1.50; 3 spec. (2 are females
with the marsupium half developed).
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 27
16. Pseudotanais Lilljeborgii G. O. Sars. (PI. II, figs. 5 a— 5 g.)
1881. Pseudotanais Lilljeborgii G. O. Sars, Arch, for Math, og Naturv. B. 7, p. 48. ! 1897. Lilljeborgi Account Crust. Norw., Vol. II, p. 40; PI. XVII, fig. 2.
Female. Sars has described and figured the female, while he has not seen any immature or adult male. But his representation of the front end of the head with the eyes is not quite correct. My fig. 5 a represents the outline of the carapace with the right antennula; it is seen that the cara- pace is about two and a half times as broad as its front margin, which is transverse and a little convex at the middle. Sars mentioned the eyes and figured thein as black spots, but while these spots frequently are distinct in specimens preserved during some years in spirit, I was unable to find them in specimens from several of the deeper "Ingolf" stations. Furthermore, internal visual elements of an ocellus or some two to three ocelli seem sometimes but not always to be distinguishable, but I have been unable to detect any cornea, so that the eyes must be considered quite rudimentary.
The female is well distinguished from the other species by a combination of characters, among which the most important may be enumerated. Third antennular joint is only slightly longer than the second; the chela is from two and a half to three times as long as broad, not forcipate; the legs are robust, the spurs of third to seventh pairs very broad and short or very short; the pleopods are wanting, and the uropods are short, with the two-jointed exopod not quite as long as the proximal joint of the rather stout endopod. — The length 1.55 — 2.05 mm.
Immature Male. Agrees with the female excepting as to the abdomen, which is stronger and proportionately somewhat or considerably longer than in that sex; furthermore the pleopods are less or more developed according to age. In a younger male the pleopods are rather short with their setse quite short. In a subadult specimen the pleopods are very well developed, conspicuously longer than the uropods, with their rami very oblong and some of the setse longer than the rami. In the last-named specimen the third antennular joint is a little thickened below; finally fig. 5g represents the distal part of seventh leg, which agrees with that of the female in the following important parti- culars: the spur (on fifth joint) is very short and broad; the seventh joint, which is somewhat thick, is only one-third as long as sixth joint; the claw is thick and short.
Adult Male. Somewhat similar to the male of P.forcipatus, but differs in several particulars. In the relative length of the thoracic segments as compared with each other and in the strong development of abdomen it agrees with the male of P. forcipaius and differs consequently much from the female.
The front margin of the head (fig. 5 b) between the outer angles of the antennular peduncles is considerably convex; at the outer base of each antennula the lateral part of the head (fig. 5 c) is a somewhat high, flatly rounded lobe which, seen from above (fig. 5b), is very conspicuous and marked off by an oblique suture forming the continuation of the median part of the front margin; this antero- lateral small part of the head is thus above, but not on the side, marked off as an eye-lobe, but a real eye could not be discovered. — The seven-jointed antennulse (figs. 5 b and 5 c) are rather similar to those of the male P. forcipaius, but the two proximal joints are less robust and the seventh joint not longer than the sixth.
4*
28 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA II.
The chelae (fig. 5 e) are somewhat less than three times as long as broad, with the posterior margin very moderately concave, shaped in the main as in the female, but the fingers are conspi- cuously shorter in proportion to the hand; the movable finger is thicker and the fixed finger near the base less thick than in the male P. forcipatus.
The thoracic legs as in the male P. forcipatus conspicuously more slender than in the female and as in that species showing other differences, bnt besides affording specific characters. Second pair (fig. 5 c) with seventh joint plus claw more than half as long again as sixth joint. Third and fourth pairs with the short spur rather slender, while seventh joint with claw is as long as sixth joint. Three posterior pairs of legs (figs. 5 e and 5 f) with the spur short and rather slender; seventh joint with claw only a little shorter than sixth joint, and the claw itself only half as long as seventh joint.
The five anterior abdominal segments, seen from above (fig. 5 d), with the lateral margins of each segment very convex, so that the entire lateral margin of this part of the abdomen has five deep incisions, while in the male P. forcipatus this margin shows no such incisions. Sixth segment posteriorly .somewhat produced, but much less than in P. forcipatus, and has at the middle of the hind margin a somewhat small, angular emargination. — The highly developed pleopods with some of the setse more than twice as long the rami. — The uropods in the main similar to those in the female, but the rami a little longer.
Length of the single male 1.8 mm.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has captured this species at seven localities.
West Iceland: St. 86: Lat. 650 03' N., Long. 230 47.6' W., 76 fm.; 1 spec.
East of Iceland: St. 4: Lat. 64° 07' N., Long. n° 12' W., 237 fm., temp. 2.50; 3 spec. St. 58: Lat. 640 25' N., Long. 120 09' W., 211 fm., temp. o.8°; 14 spec.
East Iceland: Seydis Fjord, 20—50 fm.; 5 spec.
North of Iceland: St. 128: Lat. 66° 30' N., Long. 20°02' W., 194 fm., temp. o-6°; 4 spec.
St. 126: Lat. 670 19' N., Long. I5°52' W., 293 fm., temp. -f- 0.50; 5 spec.
Jan Mayen: St. 115: Lat. 700 50' N., Long. 8° 29' W., 86 fm., temp. 0.1°; 10 spec.
P. Lilljeborgii has besides been taken by other expeditions at six localities situated in very different parts of our area.
West Greenland: Karajok Fjord, ab. Lat. 700 20' N. ; several spec. Vanhoffen.
East Iceland: Nord Fjord, 40 fm.; 5 spec. Mag. sc. R. Horring.
East Greenland: Angmasivik, at Lat. 65° 51' N.; 1 spec. Mag. sc. Kruuse.
Cape Dalton, Lat. 690 24' N., 9 — 11 fm; 2 spec. ($ and adult o*)- H'1 Amdrup Exp. Denmark Isl , Lat. 70°27' N., Long. 26° 12' W. 4 — 5 fm., muddy bottom; 1 spec.
Ryder Exp. — — - 1 spec. Ryder Exp.
Jan Mayen: 55 fm. ; 1 spec. II'1 Amdrup Exp.
Distribution. Outside our area hitherto known from Varanger Fjord at Vadso (ab. Lat. 7o°io'N. in East Finmark), "in a depth of 100 — 120 fathoms" (G. O. Sarst; recently it has been taken in the Barents Sea, Lat. 760 26' N., Long. 6o°55' E., vertical pelagic haul from 30 to o meters (Stappers).
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
29
P. Lilljcborgii is thus more arctic than P. forcipatus ; at the very cold places in the northern East Greenland it was found in quite low water, while in the open sea off Iceland it was most frequently found in depths from about 200 to near 300 fan.
17. Pseudotanais oculatus n. sp. (PI. II, figs. 6a— 6d; PI. Ill, figs, ia— id.)
Female (with the marsupium half developed, and younger specimens). Body four times as long as broad. — Carapace, seen from above (fig. 1 a), with the lateral margins somewhat convex ex- cepting near the front end, anteriorly half as broad as somewhat from the hind margin; the front margin is considerably bent, forming an angle at the middle, and the anterolateral angle is produced, but seen from the side (fig. 1 c) this produced part is not rounded but angular at the upper base of the antennae. — The eyes are well developed, rather large, with about seven ocelli, and the cornea of each ocellus very conspicuous; in recently captured specimens the eyes are black and in a couple of specimens the dark colour has been preserved during many years.
Antennulse about as long as the carapace plus second and half of the third thoracic segment, somewhat slender. First joint, seen from the side (fig. 1 c), about four times as long as deep and with the proximal part much deeper than the middle part; this joint is somewhat longer than the two other joints combined, and third joint is somewhat longer than the second. — Antennae somewhat robust; second and third joints proportionately long, without any real spine at the distal upper angle; third joint a little less than half as long as the fourth, which is a little less than twice as long as the penultimate joint.
Chelipeds (figs. 1 b and 6 a) moderately slender. Carpus somewhat less than twice as long as deep. Chela three times as long as broad (fig. 6a), with the posterior margin considerably concave; fixed finger somewhat narrow near the base, yet considerably thicker than the movable finger, slightly decreasing in breadth from near the base to somewhat beyond the middle and with most of the in- cisive margin straight; movable finger somewhat shorter than the anterior margin of the hand, rather narrow, towards the base not touching the other finger, and when the distal parts of the fingers are crossed, a conspicuous interval is left between their more proximal parts, but especially at the base this interval is a good deal narrower than in P. abyssi or P. forcipatus.
Fifth thoracic segment a little shorter than the three preceding segments combined and as long as the sixth. The thoracic legs of moderate length and thickness (fig. 1 b). Second pair (fig. 6 b)
with the sixth joint elongate, even slightly longer than fifth and fourth joints combined, much taper- ing towards the end and almost half as long again as seventh joint with claw. Third pair with the sixth joint about as long as the fifth plus half of the fourth and not fully twice as long as seventh joint with claw; the spur on fifth joint half as long as sixth joint, broad at the base but near the base somewhat abruptly much thinner and then tapering to the acute end. Fourth pair (fig. 6 c) in the main as the third, but fifth to seventh joint somewhat shorter and the short basal part of the acute spur is very broad. Seventh pair (fig. 6d) with sixth joint slightly longer than the fifth and twice as long as seventh with claw; the spur somewhat slender.
3°
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
The abdomen somewhat longer than the two posterior thoracic segments combined. Pleopods well developed, with long setae. — Uropods (fig. id) with very long terminal setse; endopod somewhat robust with the proximal joint slightly longer than the distal; exopod only a little shorter than the endopod but considerably thinner, with the proximal joint slightly shorter than the distal.
Length of a female with the marsupial lamellae less than half developed 1.9 mm.
Remarks. P. oculatus differs from P. forcipatus and P. Lilljeborgii by possessing well devel- oped pleopods, the exopod of the uropods much longer than the proximal joint of the endopod, etc.; it differs from P. abyssi in the chelse, shorter and proportionately thicker legs, longer exopod of the uropods, etc., from P. a finis by features in nearly all appendages. It is on the whole more allied to P. mediterraneus G. O. S. than to any species described in the present paper, but differs from it in having the claw of second pair of legs shorter and in various minor features in the antennae and thoracic legs. And above all it differs from P. mediterraneus and all species described from Norway or in the present paper in possessing real eyes with several well developed cornese.
Occurrence. Taken by the "Ingolf" at a single station.
Davis Strait: St. 34: Lat. 65°i7'N., Long. 540 17' W., 55 fm.; 1 spec.
Besides it has been captured at West and East Greenland by three other collectors.
West Greenland: Upernivik, Lat. 72°48' N., July 21, 1887; 1 spec. Ryder.
Davis Strait: Lat. 65°27' N., Long. 54° 45' W., 67 fm., temp. 1.10; 1 spec Wandel.
East Greenland: Angmagsalik, ab. Lat. 65°3o'N. Aug. 7, 1902; 1 spec. Mag. sc. Kruuse.
18. Pseudotanais affinis H. J. Hansen. (PI. Ill, figs. 2a — 20, and? figs. 3a — 3b.)
1886. Pseudotanais affinis H. J. Hansen, Dijmphna-Togtets zool.-bot. Udbytte, p. 207; Tab. XXI,
Fig. 2 (Female). crassicomis H. J. Hansen, 1. c. p. 208; Tab. XXI, Fig. 3, 3 a (Subadult Male).
Female. The body about five times as long as broad. — Front margin of the head only about one- third as long as the breadth of the carapace (fig. 2 a), somewhat sinuate, being conspicuously convex at the middle, a little emarginate behind each antennula and with the lateral angles distinctly produced. No eyes.
The antennulse are moderately long, somewhat more than half as long again as the carapace (fig. 2a). First joint, seen from the side (figs. 2b and 2d), with the basal fourth considerably expanded below, four and a half to five times as long as deep, at the base broader than deep and seen from above (fig. 2 a) abruptly narrowed slightly beyond the middle. Second joint about three times as long as deep; third joint slender, from a little longer to one-third as long again as the second. — Antennae moderately slender; second and third joints (fig. 2d) on the distal upper angle with a spiniform, strong process; fourth joint nearly two and a half times as long as the penultimate.
Chelipeds rather slender. Chela (fig. 2e) more slender than in the preceding species, from a little more than three times to more than three and a half times as long as broad, with the posterior margin considerably concave at the middle; the fixed finger moderately slender and tapering from
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 31
the base; the movable finger nearly as long- as the front margin of the hand, conspicuously more slender than the fixed finger; when the distal parts of the fingers are crossed there is a narrow or no interval between their proximal halves.
Fifth thoracic segment about three-fourths as long as the three preceding segments combined and scarcely longer than the sixth segment. — Thoracic legs moderately long and rather slender, but the posterior pairs vary a little in this respect. Second pair (fig. 21) with sixth joint almost as long as fifth and fourth joiuts combined and a little shorter than seventh joint with claw. Third pair (fig. 2g) with the sixth joint only a little longer than the fifth and not fully twice as long as seventh joint with claw; the spur on fifth joint about, or more than, half as long as sixth joint, strongly nar- rowed a little bevond the very broad base (fig. 2i) and with the distal half conspicuously expanded, formino- a very oblong plate with the end subacute or narrowly rounded. Seventh pair (fig. 2h) with fifth joint somewhat longer than the sixth, which is not fully twice as long as seventh joint with claw; the spur not half as long as sixth joint, moderately narrow or somewhat thin, not expanded at the middle.
Abdomen almost as long at the two preceding thoracic segments combined. — Pleopods well developed; the longest setae about three times as long as their rami and on the posterior pairs even reaching the end of the uropods. - - Uropods (fig. 2 c) somewhat long and slender; the endopod with the proximal joint slightly longer than the distal; the exopod reaches about the middle of the distal joint of the endopod, and its proximal joint is always considerably shorter than the distal.
Length of the largest female with marsupium (from the Kara Sea) 2.2""", of large specimens without marsupium 2.iII,m.
Subadult Male. The most characteristic difference between subadult males and the other sex are the antenuulse (fig. 2I), which have the first joint much thicker, the second somewhat to much thicker, than in the other sex; the third joint is slender with a thickening below at the base. Fifth and sixth thoracic segments somewhat shorter as compared with the three anterior segments than in the females. The chelae (fig. 2 m) and the thoracic legs (fig. 201 vary conspicuously as to thickness. Pleopods and uropods as in the females.
Variety. At Stat. 25 the "Ingolf captured a number of specimens, all immature and of both sexes, which in some particulars differ from the other material. The largest female is only i.4mm, the largest subadult male 1.3 mm. In the females the antennulae (fig. 2 k) are distinctly less slender than usual, with first joint about four times as long as deep; the antennae are conspicuously thicker (fig. 2k) with the fourth joint only twice as long as the penultimate, while second and third joiuts have a slender spine instead of a stronger process on their upper distal angle. The chelae about three times as loug as broad; the thoracic legs on the whole a little more robust and the spur on third pan- scarcely as long as and somewhat more spiniform than in the typical form. The uropods normal. — In the subadult male the anteunulse (fig. 211) have first and second joints much thickened, but the third joint is more than half as long again as the second, the thickening is not confined to the short proximal part but reaches to near the middle of the joint, and the proximal half of the joint is dis- tinctly conical, the distal half cylindrical. The antennae nearly as in the female, with the fourth joint slightly thicker.
32 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
The main differences between this variety and the normal form are thus the slender spines instead of processes on second and third joints of the antennae, the shape of the proximal half of third antennnlar joint in the male, and the fact that the appendages of both head and thorax are on the whole more robust. But I think it improbable that these differences are of specific value; adult females with marsupium ought at least to be procured before the variety may possibly be separated as a new species.
Remarks. I established P. a/finis on 3 females from the Kara Sea, while the insufficiency of the literature on the genus and my very scanty material induced me to establish P. crassicornis on a subadult male. I find it iiseful to insert here a more detailed description of female and sub- adult male together with a number of figures, as I now possess a rich material both of this species and of other forms.
P. affinis is closely allied to P. macrocheles G. O. Sars, but if the figures published by Sars (1897) are correct, the latter species differs especially in the outer ramus of the uropod, which is shorter and showing a proportion between its joints quite different from the features found in P. af- finis ; besides Sars has figured the antennulse with a strong seta, while a process is found in the typ- ical specimens of P. affinis. Sars' figures of the legs differ also in minor particulars from P. affinis.
Adult Male (PL III, figs. 3a — 3b). A single adult male has been taken (at "Iugolf" St. 124) together with two females. But though this specimen considerably resembles the male of P. forcipatns, I am not quite sure that it belongs to P. affinis. The head, seen from the side (fig. 3 a), has the an- tero-lateral lobe still longer than in P. forcipatns, broadly rounded. — The antennulse have the fifth joint slightly shorter than the sixth, which is scarcely as long as the seventh. — The antennae thicker than in the female; third joint proportionately long, as long as the penultimate joint, with a rather long spine on the distal upper angle. — The chelae shaped as in the male P. forcipatns, somewhat more than twice as long as broad; the fixed finger at the base more than twice as broad as the movable, which is somewhat shorter than the front margin of the hand; a narrow interval is seen between the subdistal portions of the fingers.
Second pair of legs (fig. 3 a) with the sixth joint a little shorter than the two preceding joints combined, but as long as seventh joint with claw. Fourth pair of legs uncommonly short, only two- thirds as long as the sixth pair; fifth pair, which are poorly preserved, seem also to be somewhat short. The three posterior pairs have the sixth joint a little shorter than seventh joint with claw.
The abdomen as to the shape of the lateral margins (fig. 3 b) and other particulars nearly as in P. forcipatns, but sixth segment is proportionately longer and more produced backwards, reaching slightly beyond the end of first joint of the endopod of the uropods, while the posterior margin is somewhat broad and deeply emargiuate as in P. forcipatns. — The uropods differ much from those of the female; the endopod has the proximal joint much longer than the distal, the exopod reaches slightly beyond the proximal joint of the endopod and its first joint is somewhat longer than the second.
Length of the single male 1.36""".
The shape of the ehelse and especially the relative length of the joints in the uropods as com- pared with the corresponding organs of the female P. affinis make the reference of the adult male to
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 33
this species somewhat uncertain, though, 011 the other hand, the antennulae, the chelae, the second pair of legs and the shape of the last abdominal segment show close relationship to the above-de- scribed males of the two other species of this genus, and no other species of the genus is known to which the male might possibly belong. For these reasons I have described and figured this male and referred it, with a query, to P. affinis.
Occurrence. The "Ingolf" has captured this species at twelve stations.
Davis Strait: St. 32: Lat. 66°35' N., Long. 56°38' W., 318 fm., temp. 3.90; 3 spec.
St. 35 : Lat 630 30' N., Long. 540 25' W., 582 fm., temp. 3.30; 13 spec,
described above as a variety. — St. 24: Lat. 63° 06' N., Long. 56°oo' W., 1199 fm., temp. 2.4°; 3 spec.
South-West of Iceland: St. 78: Lat. 6o°37' N., Long. 27°52' W., 799 fm., temp. 4.50; 1 spec.
North-West of the Faeroes: St. 138: Lat. 630 26' N., Long. 7°56'W., 471 fm., temp. -=- o.6°; 4 spec. — - - St. 139: Lat 630 36' N., Long. 7°3o'W., 702 fm., temp, -e- 0.6°; 1 spec.
East of Iceland: St. 103: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. 8°52'W., 579 fm., temp. -^ 0.6° ; 3 spec.
— - — St. 102: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. io° 26' W., 750 fm., temp. -=- 0.90; 1 spec.
— - — St'ioi: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. 12° 05' W., 537 fm., temp. -^ 0.7°; 3 spec. North of Iceland: St. 124: Lat. 67° 40' N., Long. 15° 40' W., 495 fm., temp. -=- o.6°; 3 spec. North-East of Iceland: St. 119: Lat. 67° 53' N., Long. io°i9' W., ioiofm., temp. -=- i.o°; 6 spec. South of Jan Mayen: St. 116: Lat. 70° 05' N., Long. 8°26'W., 371 fm., temp. -4- 0.40; 1 spec. Besides the species has been secured by the IF Amdrup Exped. at a single locality.
East Greenland: Forsblad Fjord, at Lat. 72° 27' N., Long. 25° 28' W., 50—90 fm. ; 1 spec.
Distribution. The type specimens were taken in the Kara Sea, 64—65 fm. (H. J. Hansen). — According to the list of localities the species has been taken four times in the warm area in depths from 318 to near 1200 fm., and the highest temperature is 4.50, but besides it is widely distributed in the cold area in depths from 371 to 1010 fm. and the lowest temperature was -f- 1.0°; finally it has been captured at cold localities in the northern East Greenland and the Kara Sea in much lesser depths, viz. between 50 and 90 fm.
19. Pseudotanais longipes n. sp. (PI. Ill, figs. 4a— 41.)
Female. The body scarcely four times as long as broad. — Carapace strongly tapering in breadth forwards (fig. 4b), with the lateral margins not much convex; the anterior margin, which is even a little less than one-third as long as the breadth of the carapace somewhat before its hind margin, is feebly concave at each autennula. — Eyes wanting.
Antennulae very elongate, twice as long as the carapace (fig. 4 a) and extremely slender (fig. 4 c!. First joint more than six times as long as deep though its proximal part is somewhat thickened be- low, slightly longer than the two other joints combined; second joint not half as long as the third; the setae on all joints extremely long. — The antennae (fig. 4c) are very slender; third joint shorter
The Ingolf-Expedition. III. 5. 5
-,. CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
than deep and much shorter than the second; fourth joint extremely long, almost four times as long as the penultimate joint, which is conspicuously longer than second and third joints combined.
Chelipeds somewhat long and slender (fig. 4 a). Carpus twice as long as the basal joint and three times as long as deep. Chela a little less than half as long again as the carpus, four and a half times as long as broad (fig. 4d); the fixed finger at the base somewhat broader than the movable and keeping almost the same breadth to beyond the middle; the movable finger slender, tapering from near the base to the end, and the fingers without any interval between them when their ter- minal parts cross each other.
Fifth thoracic segment slightly longer than the three preceding segments combined, or than the sixth segment. — The legs extremely long and very slender; second pair with the sixth joiut, though very long, scarcely as long as the sum of the two preceding joints but somewhat longer than seventh joint with claw, and the claw almost twice as long as seventh joint. Third pair (fig. 4f) with the sixth joint slightly shorter than the fifth and slightly longer than seventh joint with claw; the spur on fifth joiut is a very long, slender spine. Fourth pair in the main as the third pair; the spur on fifth joint is a slender spine more than two-thirds as long as the sixth joint (fig. 4g) which is considerably longer than seventh joint with claw. - - Seventh pair (fig. 4I1) with the sixth joiut slightly longer than the fifth and about two and a half times as long as seventh joint with claw.
Abdomen slightly longer than seventh, sixth and half of the fifth thoracic segment combined. Pleopods with slender rami and long setse. • Uropods long and very slender (fig. 4i); the eudopod with the proximal joiut somewhat longer than the distal; the exopod reaches a little beyond the middle of the distal joint of the endopod, but its division into two joints could not be perceived with certainty; one of the terminal setae of the exopod is nearly three times as long as the ramus itself and a little longer than the longest terminal seta of the endopod.
Length of the immature female drawn (the marsupial lamellae are small) i.6omm; another female without marsupium measures 1.95 mm.
Remarks. P. longipcs is easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by its ex- tremely long and slender antenuulge, legs and uropods and the long and narrow chelae.
It was taken at the station, where the trawl was filled with an enormous quantity of sponges, and it is of interest to note, that Typhlofanais eximius n. sp., which possesses chelae more narrow and longer than any other species of the genus, and besides a most curious, extremely long-legged species of the sub-order Asellola have been taken at the same station. Judging from these facts I am in- clined to suppose that such long-legged species have been developed under the influence of the en- vironment, the sponges, and have been adapted to live on that peculiar ground.
Occurrence. This species has been taken by the "Ingolf" at a single station.
South-West of Iceland: St. 78: Lat. 6o°37' N., Long. 270 52' W., 799 fm., temp. 4.50; 3 spec.
Paratanais Dana.
This genus comprises at present nine species, but only a single form is known from the area investigated.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
35
20. Paratanais Batei G. O. Sars.
1884. Paratanais Batei G. O. Sars, Arch, for Math, og Naturv. B. 7, p. 32. ! 1896. Account Crust. Norw. Vol. II, p. 16, PL VII.
Occurrence. This well-known species has not been taken by the "Ingolf", but by two tra- velling Zoologists.
South of Iceland: Vestmannaeyjar, the littoral belt, Aug. 21, 1899; 1 spec. Mag. B. Saemundsen.
The Faeroes: Vestmanhavn, 10 — 30 fm., June 2, 1899; 1 spec. Dr. Th. Mortensen.
Distribution. P. Batei has been taken "in several places on the west coast of Norway, in comparatively shallow water among the roots of Lamiuariae" (G. O. Sars). Furthermore it is known from some places on both sides of Scotland (T. Scott), from Falmouth and Plymouth (A. M. Norman), Galway Bay in Ireland, 5 — 15 fm. (Tattersall), the Channel Islands (various authors), Saiut-Jan-de-Luz in S. W. France, 2V2 fm- (Dollfus), finally from the Mediterranean at Spezia, 6 — 10 fm. (G. O. Sars) and the Gulf of Naples, 1— 1:/2 fm. (G. Smith).
P. Batei is decidedly a shallow water species, and its occurrence near South Iceland is of interest, as some other Crustacea from the Lusitanicau area also occur there and have their limit of distri- bution in north-western direction at that coast.
Typhlotanais G. o. Sars.
This genus hitherto comprised sixteen species, of which nine are known from Norway. The "Ingolf" material comprises nineteen species, but sixteen of these are new, while three are dealt with in the work of Sars. The sixteen new species were all taken in depths ranging from 293 to 1870 fathoms, and the majority exclusively in depths from 690 to 1870 fathoms, but even eleven of these species were captured only at a single station and seven among them I establish on a single spe- cimen. Judging from these facts I am tolerably sure that several and probably numerous species of this genus living in the area explored by the "Ingolf are still undiscovered, furthermore that the depths of the oceans, from about 400 to at least 2000 fathoms, must contain a very large number of species of this genus.
Sars has published a good description of the genus according to the species seen by him. But some of my new species differ conspicuously from that description in a few points. Thus, some species have the lateral margins of the thoracic segments very angular, while Sars said that the lateral con- tours of the body are almost straight; T.macroccphala has the cephalothorax extremely large, the an- tennulae much thicker and the chelae broader than allowable according to Sars' diagnosis. But I have found it impossible not only to separate a single form or some species as a new genus, but even to divide my nineteen species into moderately well separated groups, because the characters are inter- mingled in such a way and so gradually developed in various species, that no natural division of any value could be discovered.
The scantiness of my material of the majority of the new species rendered it impossible to examine their mouth-parts. But I have examined these parts of one of the species most aberrant from the forms studied by Sars, viz. T. irregularis n. sp., and found that they differed so little from
5*
36
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
the figures published by Sars that the only feature worth mentioning is, that the movable lobe on the left mandible is very large, being a little longer and probably broader than the incisive lobe. Consequently, I suppose that Sars' description and figures in all points of any importance hold good for all species described in the following pages.
The genus Typlilotanais (females and immature males) may be characterized by the following- diagnosis. Eyes wanting. Anteunulas three-jointed; first joint at least as long as and generally longer than the two other joints combined, second joint proportionately short. Antenna; with fourth and fifth joints completely fused, without any suture between them. Mandibles well developed with their molar process cylindrical or even a little thicker at the obliquely cut, dentate end. Chelae slender, at least two and a half times as long as broad. Second pair of legs differ conspicuously from third or fourth pair by having seventh joint with claw considerably longer. Pleopods well developed in the female. Uropods with the rami slender, two-jointed or one-jointed. Incubatory pouch consists of four pairs of lamellae. -- (Adult males of all species unknown excepting of T. frnmarchkus G. O. S., which has been described by Sars).
21. Typhlotanais irregularis n. sp. (PL HI, figs. 5a-5e.)
Female. Body moderately robust, somewhat more than five times as long as broad. -- Cara- pace somewhat or considerably shorter than the two next 'segments combined, a little longer than broad, with the lateral margins somewhat convex, the front margin two-thirds as long as the posterior and the median process moderately long, acute.
Antennulce (figs. 5a and 5b) considerably shorter than the carapace, rather stout. First joint considerably longer than the two other joints combined, not fully two and a half times as long as deep and tapering considerably and gradually from a little from the base to the end; second joint scarcely as deep as long and about half as long as the third; the longest terminal seta scarcely as long as third and second joints combined. — Antennas moderately robust; third joint not thickened; fourth considerably less than twice as long as the penultimate joint; terminal setae scarcely as long as those of the antennulae.
Chelipeds (fig. 5 b) moderately strong. Basal joint with the proximal protuberance somewhat short; the distance between its posterior end and the front lower angle of second thoracic segment about as long as the basal joint. Carpus distinctly longer than the basal joint and almost twice as long as deep. Chela (fig. 5c) distinctly longer than the carpus, about three times as long as broad; movable finger somewhat longer than the front margin of the hand; both fingers very acute; fixed finger near the base considerably broader than the movable and with an acute tooth somewhat from the end of the incisive margin.
Thoracic segments (fig. 5a) peculiarly shaped, decreasing in breadth from second to seventh, the latter being only slightly more than half as broad as the second; furthermore the segments in- crease a little in length from the second to the fourth and then decrease to the seventh. Second seg- ment decreases very conspicuously in breadth from the antero-lateral, protruding angles to the pos-
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 37
terior margin; it is unusually large, slightly more than half as long as the carapace, somewhat or a little less than twice as broad as long, a little or somewhat shorter than third segment and without any process below. Third to seventh segments with their lateral margins strongly angular or, in the three posterior segments, very convex, but the angles or the broadest place of the segment is on the third segment situated not much behind the front margin, on the fourth a little more backwards, on the fifth at the middle, on the sixth somewhat behind the middle and on the seventh a little before the posterior margin. — The legs are rather long and slender; second pair have the sixth joint (fig. 5b) almost as long as fifth and fourth joints combined and only a little longer than seventh joint with claw; the few setae of the legs short. Third pair rather similar to second, but sixth joint is a little shorter and seventh joint with claw only about two-thirds as long as sixth joint; setae short. Fourth pair completely as the third. Seventh pair (fig. 5d) slender; second joint almost five times as long as broad; fourth and fifth joints not expanded, with a tooth-shaped spine at the distal posterior angle; sixth joint somewhat longer than the fifth; seventh joint with claw more than half as long as sixth joint.
Abdomen scarcely as long as the two preceding segments combined. — Uropods long and slender (figs. 5 a and 5e); endopod two-jointed, with first joint somewhat or a little less than twice as long as the second; the exopod reaches the middle of the distal joint of the endopod and seems to be undivided.
Length of a female with marsupium 1.6 ,nm, of a large female without marsupium 1.85 ram.
Subadult Male. Differs from the female only in the antennulae, which have the distal part of first joint and the whole second joint somewhat thicker than in the female, while the third joint has the basal part distinctly thickened on the lower side.
Remarks. T. irregularis is easily distinguished from all other forms of the genus excepting T. macroccphala n. sp. and T. mucronatus n. sp. by the shape and relative length and breadth of the thoracic segments; the rather short antennulae, the legs and the uropods afford further characters. It bears some resemblance to T. macrocephala^ but the latter species is easily distinguished by its ex- tremely large carapace, the enormous process on the lower side of second thoracic segment, etc. From T. mucronatus it is easily separated by the widely different antennae, short setae on the legs, etc.
Occurrence. The "Iugolf" has taken this fine species at twelve stations, all in the cold area.
North of the Faeroes: St. 141 : Lat. 63° 22' N., Long. 6°58'W., 679 fm., temp. -=- 0.6° ; 22 spec.
St. 139: Lat. 63°36' N., Long. 7°3o'W., 702 fm., temp. -=- 0.6°; ab. 50 spec.
East of Iceland: St. 104: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. 7°25'W., 957 fm., temp, -f- 1.10; 1 spec.
— - St. 103: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. 8°52'W., 579 fm., temp, -f- o.6° ; 1 spec.
— - St. 102: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. io°26' W., 750 fm., temp. -=-0.9°; 21 spec. North of Iceland: St. 126: Lat. 67° 19' N., Long. 15° 52' W., 293 fm., temp. ^0.5°; 2 spec.
St. 125: Lat. 68° 08' N., Long. i6°02r W., 729 fm., temp. -f- 0.8°; 12 spec. North-East of Iceland: St. 120: Lat. 67° 29' N., Long. n°32' W., 885 fm., temp. -^ i.o°; 2 spec.
vSt. 119: Lat. 67° 53' N., Long. io°i9' W., ioiofm., temp. -=- 1.0° : 2 spec. South of Jan Mayen: St. 118: Lat. 68° 27' N., Long. 8° 20' W., 1060 fm., temp, -f- i.o°; 6 spec.
— - - St. 117: Lat. 69° 13' N., Long. 8° 23' W., 1003 fm., temp. -=- 1.0° ; ab. 40 spec.
38
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
South of Jan Mayen: St. 113: Lat. 69°3i' N., L,ong. 7°o6' W., 1309 fm., temp. -f-i.o°; 7 spec. Distribution. A single ovigerous female has been found between some material from the Kara Sea brought home by the "Dijmphna" Expedition.
22. Typhlotanais macrocephala n. sp. (PI. Ill, figs. 6a— 6 e.)
Specimen without marsupium. Body almost five and a half times as long as broad. — Carapace (fig. 6a) exceedingly large, nearly longer than second, third and half of fourth segment com- bined, considerably longer than broad; the anterior margin only a little shorter than the posterior, with the frontal process constituting a broad, rather low triangle with the margins along the base of the antennulse very feebly concave; the carapace is broadest at the end of the anterior two-thirds, and the major part of its lateral margins are somewhat convex and posteriorly with a few saw-teeth or fine indentations.
The antennulse (fig. 6 b) are short and thick, conical, only half as long as the carapace. First joint about half as long again as deep; the two distal joints combined about as long as the depth of the first joint; second joint much deeper than long; third joint proportionately thick at the base, conical, with the terminal setae about as long as the first joint. — Antennae short and moderately thick; third joint not thickened, fourth considerably less than twice as long as the penultimate joint; terminal setae nearly as long as those of the antennulse.
Chelipeds somewhat small (fig. 6b). Posterior protuberance on the basal joint short; the dis- tance between its hind margin and the anterior lower angle and second thoracic segment considerably longer than the basal joint. Carpus considerably longer than the basal joint, about twice as long as deep. Chela a little longer than the carpus, only about two and a half times as long as broad; movable finger distinctly longer than the front margin of the hand; fixed finger thick at the base, with a tooth before the end.
Thoracic segments (fig. 6 a) somewhat similar in general shape and relative dimensions to those of T. irregularis, but the major posterior part of the lateral margins of second to fourth segment with four or five distinct teeth (fig. 6 c). Second segment slightly narrower than the carapace, not fully twice as broad as long, broadest at the angle a little behind the anterior margin and decreasing much in breadth posteriorly; seen from the side (fig. 6b) this segment is expanded downwards below and the expansion produced in an enormous process, the base of which is as long as the segment, while the posterior margin is regularly convex, the anterior margin deeply concave and the end of the pro- cess acute and directed somewhat forwards. Third segment scarcely longer and considerably nar- rower than the second but otherwise nearly of the same shape (fig. 6a); fourth segment about as long as the third but distinctly narrower and of similar shape. Fifth and sixth segments each scarcely as broad as the fourth and only a little more than half as broad as the carapace, while seventh segment is as broad as the fourth; the lateral margins of all three segments are considerably convex and more or less distinctly angular; fifth segment broadest a little behind the middle and the two other seg- ments broadest somewhat behind the middle; the fifth segment has a few nearly rudimentary teeth
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 39
on the posterior part of the lateral margins. - Thoracic legs moderately long and rather slender; second pair (fig. 6 b) with sixth joint only a little shorter than fifth and fourth joints combined and slightly longer than seventh joint with claw; setae short. Third pair with sixth joint as long as the fifth plus half of the fourth; seventh joint with claw as long as fifth joint; setae short. Seventh pair (fig. 6d) moderately long; second joint slender, nearly five times as long as broad; fourth and fifth joints moderately broad but scarcely expanded and without any armature; sixth joint proportionately somewhat stout, being not much thinner than the fifth and about as long as the fifth plus half of the fourth; seventh joint with claw quite short.
Abdomen as broad as the last thoracic segment, with the sides somewhat convex, a little shorter than the two preceding segments combined. -- Uropods of moderate length (fig. 6e); endopod two-jointed with the proximal joint somewhat longer than the distal; exopod a little shorter than the endopod, two-jointed, with the proximal joint a little shorter than the distal.
Length of the single specimen (probably a female) 1.20 mm.
Remarks. This species differs from all other forms of the genus by its gigantic carapace, the very short and thick anteuuulae, the huge process on the lower side of second thoracic segment and the serrate lateral margins of the three (four) anterior thoracic segments. In some other features and especially in the dorsal aspect of the thoracic segments it resembles considerably T. irregularis n. sp.
Occurrence. The single specimen has been captured by the "Ingolf.
South-West of Iceland: St. 78: Lat 6o°37' N., Long. 27°52' W., 799 fm., temp. 4.50; 1 spec.
23. Typhlotanais pulcher n. sp.
(PI. IV, figs. 1 a— ig.)
Specimen without marsupium. Body very slender, more than eight times as long as broad. — Carapace considerably longer than broad but only slightly longer than the unusually long second thoracic segment (figs, ia and ib), lateral margins rounded posteriorly and from there converg- ing gradually forwards to the anterior margin, which is somewhat longer than half of the breadth of the carapace, and the rostral process is somewhat long, subacute.
Antennulae (figs. 1 b and 1 c) nearly as long as the carapace, moderately slender. First joint somewhat longer than the two other joints combined, about three and a half times as long as deep, and, seen from the side, not tapering, which renders it probable that the specimen may be an imma- ture male; second joint about as long as deep, not half as long as the third joint, which has its proximal part slightly thickened on the lower side; terminal sette as long as the two distal joints combined. - - Antennae moderately slender; third joint not thickened; fourth joint a little more than twice as long as the penultimate, and both these joints with long setae at the end, while the setae of the terminal joint are still longer, though a little shorter than the longest terminal autennular setae.
Chelipeds (fig. ic) moderately slender. Basal joint with the proximal protuberance scarcely free and of moderate length; its posterior end far removed from the front lower end of second thoracic segment. Carpus a little less than three times as long as deep. Chela a little longer than the carpus, three times as long as broad; movable finger rather slender and much longer than the front margin
40 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
or the hand; fixed finger towards the base much broader than the movable and with about three sharp teeth along the distal part of the incisive margin.
Thoracic segments extremely characteristic (fig. ia). Second segment almost as long as the carapace or third segment and slightly longer than the fourth; each lateral margin is a straight line and the lateral margins converge considerably from the anterior to the posterior end; no ventral pro- cess is found. Third segment similar to the second excepting that it is broadest somewhat behind the anterior margin and the somewhat short anterior part of the lateral margin between its front end and the lateral angle is even concave. Fourth segment shaped nearly as the third. Fifth segment even slightly shorter and somewhat narrower than the fourth, with the major part of the lateral mar- gins subparallel and the margins rounded and converging towards both ends. Sixth segment con- siderably shorter than the fifth and almost twice as long as the seventh, and both these segments in- crease somewhat in breadth from the anterior end to respectively somewhat from or near to the pos- terior margin. — Thoracic legs very different from each other. Second pair (fig. ic) long and slender; fifth joint at the anterior distal angle with a seta as long as the joint; sixth joint considerably longer than the fifth and somewhat shorter than seventh joint with claw. Third pair (fig. i d) considerably shorter than second, very slender; sixth joint conspicuously shorter than the fifth, nearly twice as long as seventh joint and with its anterior distal setae somewhat long. Three posterior pairs (figs, i e and i f) moderately slender; second joint nearly four times as long as broad; fifth joint with the distal half somewhat expanded; sixth joint moderately long and somewhat slender, a little more than half as long again as seventh joint with claw.
Abdomen slightly longer than the two preceding segments combined (fig. i a), somewhat oval, posteriorly nearly truncate with a low, rounded median protuberance. — Uropods (fig. ig) short; eudopod two-jointed with first joint somewhat longer than the second; exopod one-jointed, slightly longer than the proximal joint of the endopod.
Length of the specimen, which according to the autennulae seems to be an immature male, 2.7 mm.
Remarks. This species, taken in very great depth, differs strongly from all other species of the genus by the shape and especially the relative length of the thoracic segments, the differences being in reality so great that one is tempted to regard them as being of generic value, but autennuke, antennae, chelipeds, thoracic legs, pleopods and uropods agree with structural features frequently found in Typlilotaiiais. The long seta at the end of fifth joint of second pair of legs is certainly a good specific character.
Occurrence. The single specimen has been taken by the "Ingolf".
South of the Davis Strait: St. 38: Lat. 59°i2' N., Long. 5i°05' W., 1870 fm., temp. 1.3°; 1 spec.
24. Typhlotanais gracilipes n. sp. (PI. IV, figs. 2 a— 2 e.)
Female (without marsupium). Body very slender, almost eight times as long as broad. — Carapace (figs. 2 a and 2 b) long and narrow, as long as second, third and the half of fourth segment
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 41
combined, more than half a.s long again as broad; the lateral margins feebly convex posteriorly and then converging to the front angles; the anterior end slightly more than half as broad as the carapace a little from the hind margin; rostral process moderately long, somewhat narrow, acute.
Antennulse (figs. 2 a and 2 b) considerably shorter than the carapace, somewhat robust. First joint a good deal longer than second and third joints combined, not fully three times as long as deep and tapering considerably to the end; second joint about as long as deep; third joint conspicuously more than twice as long a.s the second, thin, with the longest terminal seta scarcely longer than the joint. — Antennae of usual size; third joint not thickened; fourth joint not twice as long as the pen- ultimate and with long setoe from its distal lower angle; longest terminal seta; much longer than those of the antennulse.
Chelipeds very slender (fig. 2 b). Basal joint with the posterior process moderately long and its proximal margin rounded; the distance between this margin and the front lower end of second segment only a little shorter than the basal joint. Carpus almost twice as long as the basal joint and a little more than three times as long as deep. Chela small, somewhat shorter than the carpus, three and a half times as long as broad; movable finger slightly longer than the anterior margin of the hand; fixed finger near the base considerably broader than the movable.
Thoracic segments, as far as could be ascertained in the mutilated specimen, in the main a.s in T. mucronatus n. sp. (comp. description and figs. 3 a of this species), but the difference between the anterior and the posterior breadth of each segment seems to be a little smaller and the lateral margins of the segments a little less convex (fig. 2 a). Second segment (figs. 2 a and 2 b) only slightly more than half as long as the third and without ventral process. - Thoracic legs on the whole slender. Second pair (fig. 2 b) slender and moderately long; fourth and fifth joints with the distal anterior setae somewhat long; sixth joint long, only a little shorter than fifth and fourth joints combined and without any perceptible distal anterior seta; seventh joint with claw nearly as long as sixth joint. Third pair mutilated, but scarcely much different from fourth pair (fig. 2 c) which is very slender, much shorter than second pair, with a rather long seta on the distal anterior angle of fifth joint, sixth joint con- siderably longer than the fifth but slightly longer than seventh joint with claw. Three posterior pairs of legs peculiarly built and unusually long (fig. 2d); second joint not fully four times as long as broad; fourth and fifth joints somewhat slender, though considerably and gradually widened on the anterior side towards the end, and there with a couple of somewhat long, slender spines, fifth joint besides with a couple of slender spines on the terminal inner margin; sixth joint not much longer than the fifth, moderately slender; seventh joint and the short, thin claw combined somewhat more than half as long as sixth joint.
Abdomen about as long as the two preceding segments combined. — Uropods mutilated, but one exopod (fig. 2e) has been preserved; it is long, very slender, perhaps undivided, but the seta gen- erally found just before the articulation is long and originates even slightly beyond the middle.
Length of the single specimen 2.05 mm.
Remarks. T. gracilipes is easily distinguished from all species of Typhlotanais described in this paper by its slender, small chelipeds and the peculiar three posterior pairs of thoracic legs with the long and slender spines on fourth and fifth joints. It is closely allied to T. microckeles G. O. S.,
The Ingolf-Expedition. III. 3. o
a2 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
but according to Sars' figures and my examination of some of his co-types it differs in some parti- culars. In T. microcheles the chelipeds have the basal joint about three-fourths as long as the carpus, thus considerably longer than in T. gracilipes, and their carpus is deeper, scarcely two and a half times as long as deep; furthermore the thoracic legs are on the whole a little more robust than in T. gracilipes. In a specimen of T. microcheles with the ventral side of the anterior thoracic segments flat and without marsupium no ventral process on second segment is found, but in three other spe- cimens presented by Sars the ventral surface of the anterior segments is convex, the second segment has a very large, long and broad, oblique-triangular, acute ventral process directed forwards and down- wards, and each of the four following segments has a somewhat smaller but yet far from small, acute, somewhat curved ventral process.
Occurrence. The single specimen was taken by the "Ingolf".
South of Iceland: St. 54: Lat. 63°o8' N., Long. i5°4o' W., 691 fm., temp. 3.90; 1 spec.
25. Typhlotanais mucronatus 11. sp.
(PI. IV, figs. 3a-3h.)
Female (without marsupium). Body slender, about six and a half times as long as broad. — Carapace (fig. 3 b) somewhat small, slightly broader than long, a little longer or somewhat shorter than second segment plus half of the third; the lateral margins are somewhat convex, the anterior margin is even a little more than two-thirds as long as the breadth of the carapace and the frontal process very broad, proportionately rather low and broadly rounded.
Antenuulse (figs. 3b and 3c) extremely long and slender, a little longer than carapace and se- cond thoracic segment combined. First joint a little longer than the two other joints together, very slender excepting its proximal fourth, which is considerably thickened below and its depth is here about one-fifth of the length of the joint; seen from above (fig. 3b) the joint is rather broad at the base, tapers considerably to beyond the middle, where it is abruptly narrowed a little and its distal part is subcylindrical. Second joint is thin, almost three times as long as deep; third joint very thin, more than twice as long as the second, with the longest terminal setse extremely long, longer than the two distal joints and half of the proximal joint combined. — Autennae slender but somewhat short as compared with the antennulae (fig. 3c); third joint feebly thickened; fourth joint about twice as long as the penultimate; terminal setae long, yet conspicuously less than half as long as those of the antennulae.
Chelipeds slender (fig. 3c). Posterior process on the basal joint moderately short; the distance between its hind margin and the front lower end of second thoracic segment about half as long as the basal joint. Carpus considerably longer than the basal joint, almost three times as long as deep. Chela (fig. 3d) slightly longer than the carpus, almost four times as long as broad; movable finger nearly half as long again as the front margin of the hand; fixed finger much broader than the movable with a few low, obtuse teeth towards the end of the incisive margin.
Thoracic segments somewhat reminding of those of T. irregularis, increasing in length and decreasing in breadth from second to fifth, decreasing in length and increasing in breadth from fifth
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 43
to seventh segment (fig. 3 a). Second segment about twice as broad as long, with the lateral margins distinctly convex and besides converging from somewhat behind the anterior to the posterior end ; the segment is below and a little behind the front end produced in a very strong, oblique-triangular, acute process directed downwards and much forwards (fig. 3 c). Third segment about half as long again as the second, broadest not much behind the anterior margin, but the lateral angles somewhat rounded, and from these angles the margins converge considerably to the hind margin ; fourth seg- ment nearly as the third, but the rounded lateral angles are nearer to the middle of the segment; fifth segment as long as broad, with the lateral margins nearly regularly convex. The two posterior segments increase almost gradually in breadth to somewhat behind the middle and the posterior part of their lateral margins is convex, thus converging near the hind margin, which is longer than the front margin of the same segment. - Thoracic legs slender. Second pair long (fig. 3 c); fourth joint with a long seta from the anterior distal angle; fifth joint with two long setse from the corresponding angle; sixth joint only somewhat longer than the fifth, with the setse somewhat short; seventh joint witli claw scarcely as long as fifth joint. Third pair somewhat shorter than the second; fifth joint witli a long seta from the anterior distal angle; sixth joint as long as the fifth plus half of the fourth, with its distal anterior seta extremely long; seventh joint with claw less than half as long as sixth joint. Fourth pair in the main as the third. Three posterior pairs subsimilar, moderately long, slender (fig. 3c); second joint more than four times as long as broad; fourth joint not expanded, without spines, fifth joint (fig. 3f) with a small spine on the outer side of the end, while the joint is distally on the anterior side produced into a peculiar, short, broad, subtriangular, acute process directed forwards; sixth joint moderately strong, scarcely widened towards the end. a little longer than fifth joint and with a small spine on the anterior side a little before the end; seventh joint with claw distinctly less than half as long as sixth joint.
Abdomen a little longer than the two posterior thoracic segments combined and as broad as the second segment. - Uropods moderately short (fig. 3g); endopod two-jointed, with first joint con- spicuously longer than the second; exopod scarcely reaching the middle of second joint of the endopod, without any perceptible division into two joints.
Length 2.45 mm.
Subadult Male. It differs from the female in having the anteunulce (fig. 3b:) much thicker; first joint is not four times as long as deep and with nearly the same depth from base to end; the two other joints combined as long as first joint; second joint is proportionately thick, though some- what longer than deep; third joint is conspicuously thicker than in the female and with the proximal third a little thickened below.
Remarks. T. lnucronatus is especially distinguished by the long antennulse with the third joint very long and in the female extremely thin, by the large ventral process 011 second thoracic seg- ment, by the long setae on some joints of the anterior pairs of thoracic legs, and by the peculiar pro- cess on fifth joint of the posterior pairs; furthermore the thoracic segments, seen from above, differ markedly from most other species.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
Occurrence. It was taken by the "Ingolf" at three stations in the cold area and in very con- siderable depths.
North-East of Iceland: St. 120: Lat. 6j° 29' N., Long. n°32' W., 885 fm., temp. -=- i.o°; 10 spec.
St. 119: Lat. 67°53' N., Long. io°i9' W., 1010 fin., temp. -f- i.o°; 1 spec. South ot Jan Mayen: St. 117: Lat. 69° 13' N., Long. 8° 23' W., 1003 fm., temp. -=- 1.0; 1 spec.
26. Typhlotanais exitnius n. sp.
(PL IV, figs. 4a— 4 g.)
Female (without marsupium). The body of a somewhat contracted, not fullgrown specimen (fig. 4a) robust, somewhat less than four times as long as broad. — ■ Carapace in the first-named specimen as long as the three following segments combined, in the second specimen (fig. 4 b) somewhat longer than the two anterior segments combined; it is a little broader than long, the lateral margins posteriorly convex and then converging nearly evenly forwards to the anterior, somewhat produced angle; the front margin nearly half as long as the breadth of the carapace and the rostral process moderately large, acute.
AntennulcE long, as long as the carapace, second segment and half or almost the whole third segment combined. First joint (fig. 4b) considerably longer than the two other joints combined, about four and a half times as long as deep, and, seen from the side or from above, tapering considerably from somewhat from the base to the end. Second joint distinctly more than half as long as the third, not three times as long as deep; longest terminal seta almost as long as first and second joints combined. — Antenna; somewhat long; third joint somewhat thickened; fourth joint twice as long as the penultimate; terminal setae very long, though somewhat shorter than those of the antennulae.
Chelipeds (fig. 4 b) long and very slender, excepting the basal joint which is somewhat thick, with the posterior protuberance thick, short, broadly rounded behind and reaching to near the front lower angle of second thoracic segment. Carpus more than half as long again as the basal joint, four times as long as deep and somewhat curved, with the lower margin conspicuously concave. Chela as long as the carpus and nearly more than six times as long as broad, with the hand very elongate, only somewhat less than twice as long as the movable finger, which is slightly thinner than the fixed finger.
Thoracic segments short in proportion to their breadth ; the three anterior segments together as long as fifth and sixth segments combined; the second segment is about half as long as the third and the fourth is somewhat longer than the fifth, which is slightly longer than the sixth. The lateral margins of third and fourth segments feebly convex before the middle, of the three posterior segments a little convex or subangular rather near their posterior end. Second segment below with a moderately small, curved, acute process projecting near the front end, directed downwards and much forwards. — Thoracic legs slender. Second pair (fig. 4b) long; fifth joint with the distal anterior seta moderately short, sixth joint somewhat longer than the fifth and considerably longer than seventh witli claw. Third pair not much shorter than second; fourth and fifth joints with the seta on the distal anterior angle somewhat long; sixth joint with the distal anterior seta somewhat long; seventh joint with
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
45
claw less than half as long as sixth joint. Sixth and seventh pairs (fig. 4c) much shorter than the anterior pairs; second joint about three and a half times as long as broad; fourth and fifth joints very moderately thickened towards their end, sixth joint somewhat long and slender, twice as long as seventh joint with claw.
Abdomen proportionately long, in the contracted specimen (fig. 4 a) even slightly shorter than the three posterior thoracic segments combined. — Uropods (figs. 4a and 4d) long; endopod two- jointed, with first joint somewhat longer than second; exopod slightly shorter than the endopod, two- jointed, with the proximal joint about half as long as the distal.
Length of the largest specimen 1.50™"", of the contracted specimen (fig. 4a) 1.19™'".
Immature Male. A single specimen, only i.omm long, is at hand, and its most important parts are rendered in figs. 4e — 4g. Some of the differences between this specimen and the two above- described females are due to sex, other differences probably to age. The antennulse are considerably thicker than in the female; first joint, which is as long as the two other joints combined, is only three times as long as deep and tapers slightly towards the end; second joint is conspicuously less than twice as long as deep, third joint more than twice as long as the second. — Antennae with fourth joint distinctly less than twice as long as the penultimate joint. — The chela is slightly thicker than in the female with the hand conspicuously less elongate in proportion to the length of the movable finger. — The anterior pairs of legs are a little thicker in proportion to length than in the larger female. Uropods with the rami equal in length.
Remarks. T. eximius is easily distinguished from all other species by its very slender chel- ipeds with the very elongate chelae and the hand very long in proportion to the fingers. In all other features it is allied to T. penicillatus G. O. S., differing only in various minor particulars, among which the most conspicuous is the fact, that in T. penicillatus the exopod of the uropods (fig. 5 c) reaches scarcely or slightly beyond the middle of the second joint of the endopod.
Occurrence. Taken by the "Ingolf" at a single station.
South-West of Iceland: St. 78: Lat. 6o° 37' N., Long. 27° 52' W., 799 fm., temp. 4.50; 3 spec.
27. Typhlotanais penicillatus G. O. Sars. (PL IV, figs. 5a-sA)
Typhlotanais penicillatus G. O. Sars, Arch, for Math, og Naturv. B. 7, p. 39.
— Account Crust. Norway, Vol. II, p. 25, PL XI, fig. 3.
The -'Ingolf specimens agree well with Sars' description and figures of this species excepting that the setae on the chelipeds are considerably longer, but that may be due to an accident or a slight error. Furthermore Sars stated that the exopod of the uropods is one-jointed, while it is two-jointed in my specimens, but the articulation between the two joints is not always really distinct.
T. penicillatus is closely allied to T. eximius n. sp., but differs especially in having the cheli- peds shorter and much thicker and in having the exopod of the uropods (fig. 5 c) conspicuously shorter than the endopod; furthermore the anteunulae, antennae and anterior thoracic legs (fig. 5a) are in my largest specimens conspicuously shorter and thicker than in T. eximius; third pair of legs with
1881.
46 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II
a small spine on the posterior side and near the end of sixth joint. It agrees above all with T. eximius in having the carapace considerably longer than the two anterior thoracic segments combined, in having the antennulae and antennae terminating in extremely long setse and in possessing an acute process (on fig. 5 a overlapped and therefore rendered by dotted lines) on the ventral side of second thoracic segment. - The chelipeds are characteristic; the carpus is considerably longer than the basal joint and about two and a half times as long as deep; the chela is a little 01 somewhat longer than the carpus, between three and a half and four times as long as broad, and the movable finger is only a little shorter than the anterior margin of the hand.
Marsupium is not found in any of my specimens. Somewhat young specimens are on the whole more clumsy, with the appendages shorter and more robust than in nearly fullgrowu spec- imens. The largest specimen at hand is 1.56 mm. — In a specimen measuring 1.27 mm the antennulae (fig. 5d) are considerably thicker, shaped nearly as in the young male of T. eximius, and therefore I consider this specimen to be an immature male.
Occurrence. T. penicillatus was brought home by the ''Ingolf from two stations.
Denmark Strait: St. 90: Lat. 64° 45' N., Long. 2o,°o6' W., 568 fm., temp. 4.40; 1 spec.
South-West of Iceland: St. 78: Lat. 6o°37' N., Long. 27°52( W., 799 fm., temp.4.50; 15 spec.
Distribution. Sars established this fine species on two specimens taken by him "at Saue- sund, west coast of Norway, from depths of 50 to 100 fathoms".
28. Typhlotanais inermis n. sp.
(PI. IV, figs. 6a- 6 g.)
Female (without marsupium). Moderately robust, about five and a half times as long as broad. — Carapace (figs. 6 a and 6b) about as long as the two following segments combined, slightly longer than broad, with the lateral margins slightly converging from the base to beyond the middle and then more curved to the antero-lateral angles which are somewhat removed from the outer base of the antennulae; the distance between these angles is more than two-thirds as long as the breadth of the carapace in front of its posterior margin, and from each angle the anterior margin is directed inwards and somewhat forwards to the acute median angle, each half of this front margin being slightly concave; the result is, that the carapace is pentagonal.
Antennulae nearly as long as carapace and half of the next segment combined, very slender. First joint is, seen from the side, between four and five times as long as deep and tapers considerably from somewhat beyond the base to the end (fig. 6 a); seen from above (fig. 6 b) this joint has the basal fifth very broad, the outer margin angular at the end of that fifth, and from this angle the joint, which is distinctly less than three times as long as broad, tapers strongly to the distal end; it is somewhat longer than the two other joints combined. Second joint slender; third joint more than twice as long as the second, very slender, with the terminal setae very long, the longest being some- what longer than the two proximal joints combined. Antennae of moderate length, rather slender; second joint somewhat expanded above, third scarcely thickened, fourth somewhat less than twice as long as the penultimate joint; some of the terminal setae about half as long as the long setae of the antennulae.
CRUSTACEA MAEACOSTRACA. II.
47
Chelipeds (fig. 6 c) moderately robust. Basal joint with the posterior protuberance somewhat short, posteriorly rounded; its hind margin rather distant from the lower front angle of second thoracic segment. Carpus a little longer than the basal joint and a little more than twice as long as deep, with both margins feebly convex. Chela (fig. 6d) as long as the carpus, a little more than three times as long as broad; movable finger somewhat longer than the anterior margin of the hand; fixed finger much broader than the movable, with about three teeth along the distal part of the incisive margin and the last tooth rectangular and much larger than the two other teeth.
Thoracic segments (fig. 6a) differ slightly in breadth; all are subrectangular with the angles a little rounded; the major part of their lateral margins parallel or feebly convex. Second segment conspicuously less than half as long as the third, without any process below. The segments increase in length from the second to the fifth and decrease from the fifth to the seventh, but the fourth seg- ment is slightly longer than the third and slightly shorter than the fifth. — The anterior legs moder- ately long and slender. Second pair (fig. 6c) with a very long seta both from the anterior and the posterior distal angle of fifth joint; sixth joint about as long as fifth joint plus half of the fourth, with the distal setse short; seventh joint with claw slightly longer than sixth joint. Third pair some- what shorter than second; fourth joint with a long seta from the distal posterior angle, fifth joint with a very long seta both from the anterior and the posterior distal angle; sixth joint somewhat longer than fifth, with short setae; seventh joint with claw distinctly more than half as long as sixth joint. Sixth and seventh pairs (fig. 6e) with the second joint somewhat widened, two and a half times as long as broad; fourth joint feebly tapering and with a short spine at the distal anterior angle (fig. 6f); fifth joint moderately broad, slightly broader towards the end and with a small, low, glabrous pro- tuberance just before the end of the anterior margin and a minute spine at the end; sixth joint only a little longer than the fifth, very moderately slender, with a spine near the distal anterior angle; seventh joint with claw about half as long as sixth joint.
Abdomen somewhat longer than and as broad as the two preceding segments combined. — Uropods somewhat short; endopod (fig. 6g) two-jointed, with first joint slightly longer than the second; exopod slightly or a little longer than the proximal joint of the endopod.
Length of females without marsupium 2.3 m,n; females with marsupium unknown.
Immature Male. Differs from the female in the antennidas, which are thickened as in the young male of T. mucronatus.
Remarks. This species is allied to T. penicillatus, but it is somewhat larger, a little more slender and differs in the shape of the carapace, in having seventh joint with claw of second and third pairs of legs much longer in proportion to the sixth joint, in possessing long or very long setae on fifth joint of these legs, in having the exopod of the uropods considerably shorter and unjoiuted, and no ventral process on second thoracic segment. T. penicillatus is a warm water species, while T. inermis is known only from the cold area, with the temperature below zero.
Occurrence. This species has been taken by the "Ingolf" at four stations.
North of the Fseroes: St. 141: Lat. 630 22' N., Long. 6° 58' W., 679 fm., temp. -=- o.6°; 1 spec. — - - St. 138: Lat. 63°26' N., Long, f 56' W., 471 fm., temp. -=- o.6°; 1 spec.
48
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
North of the Faeroes: St. 139: Lat. 63°36' N., Long. 7°3o'W., 702 fm, temp. -f- o.6° ; 10 spec. East of Iceland: St. 102: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. I5°52' W., 750 fm., temp. -^ 0.90; 6 spec.
29. Typhlotanais variabilis n. sp. (PI. IV, figs. 7a— 7d; PI. V, figs. 2a— 2 c.)
Female. Moderately slender (fig. 7a), about six times as long as broad. — Carapace somewhat or considerably shorter than the two following segments combined, somewhat longer than broad, with the lateral margins convex posteriorly and their anterior two-thirds converging to the anterior angles; the anterior end slightly more than half as broad as the carapace somewhat before its posterior mar- gin; the rostral process well developed, acute.
Antemiulse scarcely as long as the carapace and half of the next segment combined, rather slender (fig. 2a). First joint from a little more than four to five times as long as deep and, seen from the side or from above, tapering regularly from near the base to the end, considerably longer than the two other joints combined; second joint twice (fig. 2b) or conspicuously more than twice (fig. 2a) as long as deep and more than half as long as third joint; longest terminal seta slightly or somewhat longer than the two distal joints combined. — Antennse of normal size; third joint scarcely thickened; fourth joint slightly or distinctly more than twice as long as the penultimate; terminal setae conspic- uously shorter than those of the antennulae.
Chelipeds (fig. 2 a) somewhat long, moderately slender. Basal joint with the posterior pro- tuberance of moderate length; the distance between its hind margin and the front lower end of se- cond thoracic segment about half as long as the joint. Carpus half as long again as the basal joint, three times or a little more than three times as long as deep, with the lower margin nearly straight. Chela somewhat longer than the carpus, not fully four times as long as broad; movable finger a little longer than the anterior margin of the hand; fixed finger much broader than the movable, with a feeble tooth near the end of the incisive margin.
Thoracic segments (fig. 7 a) increase feebly in breadth from second to seventh. Second seg- ment with the lateral margins feebly converging from the front to the posterior end. Third and fourth segments broadest somewhat before the middle, but the lateral angles at the broadest place of the segments are somewhat rounded and from thence the margins converge moderately to the hind mar- gin. Fifth and sixth segments broadest somewhat from the posterior margin and their lateral margins are somewhat convex; seventh segment with the anterior half of the lateral margins convex, the po- sterior half straight. Second segment without any ventral process in the single female with marsupium and in a female of the same size with the ventral side of the anterior segments flat; in all other specimens the ventral side of the anterior segments is convex as in the subadult male (fig. 2 c) and second segment has a conspicuous, acute ventral process projecting downwards and much forwards from the anterior part of the segment. — Thoracic legs of moderate length and rather slender. Se- cond pair (fig. 2a) with the distal setse on fourth and fifth joints somewhat short or moderately long; sixth joint as long as the fifth plus half of the fourth, with the distal setse somewhat short; seventh joint with claw somewhat shorter than sixth joint. Third pair somewhat or rather considerably shorter
LI BR A h
CRUSTACEA MAI.ACOSTRACA. II. 49
than second pair, because fourth, fifth and sixth joints are conspicuously shorter than in the last- named pair; the distal anterior setae on fourth, fifth and sixth joints somewhat long, and in one spec- imen the distal posterior seta on fourth joint was very long; seventh joint with claw distinctly more than half as long as sixth joint. Three posterior pairs of legs (fig. 7 b) with second joint about three times as long as broad; fourth joint (fig. 7c) with two distal short spines on the anterior side, fifth joint somewhat thick, with a rounded expansion on almost the distal half of the anterior margin and a few tiny spinules on that expansion; sixth joint about as long as the fifth plus half of the fourth, twice as long as seventh joint with claw.
Abdomen not fullv as long as the two preceding segments combined, but a little broader than the last thoracic segment. — Uropods somewhat long and slender (fig. 7d); endopod with the proximal joint a little or slightly longer than the distal; exopod distinctly longer and more slender than the endopod, two-jointed, and the distal joint almost twice as long as the proximal.
Length of a female with marsupium and of the largest female without marsupium 2.4""".
Sub adult Male. The antennulae are thick (fig. 2 c); first joint only a little more than three times as long as deep and tapers a little towards the end; second joint about as long as deep; third joint with the proximal half somewhat thickened below. Ventral process on second thoracic segment well developed (fig. 2 c). Abdomen a little longer than the two preceding segments combined.
Remarks. T. variabilis is easily distinguished from all other species of Typhlotanais men- tioned here or found at Norway by having the exopod of the uropods distinctly longer than the endopod. In various features it is allied to T. penicillatus.
As to the variation in presence or absence of a ventral process on second thoracic segment I refer to the statements on p. 7.
Occurrence. T. variabilis has been taken by the "Ingolf" at three stations, all in the cold deep-sea area.
North of the Faeroes: St. 139: Lat. 63° 36' N., Long, f 30' W., 702 fm., temp. -=- o.6°; 3 spec.
East of Iceland: St. 105: Lat. 650 34' N., Long, f 31' W., 762 fm., temp. ^ o.8°; 3 spec.
— - — St. 102: Lat. 66°23'N., Long. 10° 26' W., 750 fm., temp, -h 0.90; 2 spec.
(One of these specimens, represented in fig. 2 a, has a minute parasitic Copepod (/>) fixed on the base of second left leg.)
30. Typhlotanais trispinosus n. sp. (PI. V, figs. 4a-4*-) Female (without marsupium). Body slender, nearly seven and a half times as long as broad (fig. 4 a). — Carapace about as long as the two following segments combined, somewhat longer than broad; its lateral margins converge slightly from near the base to somewhat from the front end where they are more curved; the front end is a little more than half as broad as the carapace near its base, and the rostral process is well developed, somewhat narrow, acute.
Antennulae yi\g. 4 b) nearly or scarcely as long as the carapace, moderately slender. First joint about three and a half times as long as deep, somewhat tapering and somewhat longer than the two
Tile Ingolf-Expedition. III. ;. 7
r0 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
other joints combined; second joint considerably longer than deep; third joint conspicuously more than twice as long as the second, with the longest terminal seta about as long as the joint. — An- tennae rather long; second and third joints (fig. 4c) very thick, third joint on the lower side with three strong, spiniform and nearly hook-shaped processes directed much backwards; second joint with a similar process a little behind the front lower angle and sometimes besides a minute, acute denticle behind the hook; fourth joint is distinctly more than twice as long as the penultimate joint, and the terminal setae nearly as long as those of the antennulse.
Chelipeds (fig. 4b) somewhat long and strong. Basal joint with the posterior protuberance somewhat long and rounded behind; the distance between its hind margin and the lower front end of second thoracic segment distinctly more than one-third of the length of the joint. Carpus much longer than the basal joint and nearly three times as long as deep. Chela as long as the carpus and little more than three times as long as broad; movable finger nearly as long as the front margin of the hand; fixed finger inconsiderably thicker than the movable, with low teeth towards the end of the incisive margin.
Thoracic segments (fig. 4a), taken together, with the lateral margins parallel excepting in front and behind, as the margins of second segment converge somewhat from near the front end to the hind margin, while those of seventh segment converge in the opposite direction. Second segment some- what or considerably shorter than the third, below a little behind the front angle with a somewhat small, subacute process directed mainly forwards (fig. 4 b). Third, fourth and sixth segments nearly equal in length, nearly as long as broad and only a little shorter than fifth segment. - Thoracic legs somewhat short. Second pair (figs. 4b and 4c!) with fourth joint distinctly longer than the fifth and without setae; seta on the anterior angle of fifth joint somewhat short; sixth joint a little shorter than fifth and fourth joints combined, and the seta on the anterior side stiff and only a little longer than the diameter of the joint; seventh joint with claw about as long as fourth joint; the third joint on the posterior side with an extremely long, strong seta reaching the end of fifth joint. Third pair with the seta on third joint proportionately still longer than that on second pair; fourth, fifth and sixth joints conspicuously shorter than in second pair, but preserving the same proportion as to length and similarity as to setae; seventh joint with claw considerably less than half as long as sixth joint. Fourth pair with the same enormous seta on third joint. Seventh pair (fig. 4e) is rather robust; second joint expanded, only about twice as long as broad; third joint scarcely distinguishable; fourth and fifth joints much widened, with curved rows of very fine spines on the outer side and on the convex margin; sixth joint is not much longer than the fifth, with some five minute incisions along the longest margin and at the end with a long seta and two strong, moderately long spines pectinate along the concave margin; seventh joint very short and the claw minute. Sixth pair of legs are a little, and fifth pair somewhat, more slender than seventh pair, with seventh joint conspicuously longer and thinner, while fourth and fifth joints are adorned in the main as in seventh pair.
Abdomen somewhat shorter than the two preceding segments combined. — Uropods short, both rami one-jointed and the endopod somewhat longer than the exopod.
Length 2""".
Remarks. C. trispiiwsus in closely allied to T. tenuicornis G. O. S. Both these species agree
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
with each other and differ from all other species known by two very peculiar characters: the lower side of second and third joints of the antennae is furnished with strong, hook-shaped processes, and the third joint of the three anterior pairs of thoracic legs bears an extremely long seta. But before mentioning the differences between T. trispinosus and T. tenuicornis I may write some remarks on Sars' description and figures of the last-named species. I have studied some co-types presented to our Museum by Sars, and have drawn three analytical figures (PI. V, figs. 3 a — 3 c) for comparison with my figures of T. trispinosus.
Sars described and figured the antennae of T. tenuicornis as having two strong hooks on third joint and none on second joint, but in his co-types I find two strong hooks on each of these joints (fig. 3a). Sars' figure of the second leg is not quite correct; I have found (fig. 3 b) the very long seta on the posterior angle of fourth joint, but no seta on the posterior angle of fifth joint; it does not seem probable that the last-named seta exists though it has been drawn by .Sars, but we have both figured a moderately short and thin and a rather long, strong seta on the anterior angle of that joint; finally, the seta on the anterior margin of sixth joint is very strong, nearly spiniform, and, as also drawn by Sars, more than half as long as the joint, and seventh joint with claw is only as long as fifth joint, being too long in Sars' figure. Third pair of legs (fig. 3 c) nearly as drawn by Sars, excepting that fifth joint has a minute denticle -- as in T. trispinosus — and no seta at the posterior- distal angle, furthermore fourth joint has only a moderately long seta on the posterior angle. The three posterior pairs of legs have their fourth and fifth joints adorned with rows of very fine spines in the main as in T. trispisosus.
T. trispinosus differs from T. tenuicornis especially in the armature of second and third antenual joints and in the feebler development of setse on fourth to sixth joints of second pair of legs. The difference in the armature of the antenual joints is easily seen from my descriptions and figures of these parts of both species. A comparison of my fig. 3 b with fig. 4 c shows that the two long setae found on the posterior angle of fourth joint and the anterior angle of fifth joint of second legs in T. tenuicornis are wanting in T. trispinosus, furthermore that the stiff seta on sixth joint is propor- tionately twice as long in the former as in the latter species. Finally it may be pointed out that an- temiulae, antennae, chelipeds and thoracic legs are thicker in proportion to length in T. trispinosus than in T. tenuicornis. The last-named species is known only from the west coast of Norway, from depths ranging between 60 and 120 fathoms, and from Skager Rak, N. N. E. of the lighthouse of the Skaw, 125 fm. (H. J. Hansen).
Occurrence. T. trispinosus has been taken by the "Iugolf" at a single station.
Davis vStrait: St. 36: L,at. 6i° 50' N., Long. 56°2i' W., 1435 fm., temp. 1.50; 17 spec.
31. Typhlotanais profundus n. sp.
(PI. V, figs. 5a— 5c)
Female (without marsupium). Body moderately robust, not fully six times as long as broad (fig. 5 a). - - Carapace a little longer than the two following segments combined and about as long as broad; the lateral margins conspicuously convex and the anterior end slightly more than half as broad as the carapace somewhat before the posterior margin ; the frontal process moderately large.
r
c2 CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
Antennulse slightly longer than the carapace. First joint is even more than half as long again as the two other joints combined, seen from the side (fig. 5c) almost four times as long as deep and tapering much from near the base to the end; seen from above (fig. 5b) this joint is somewhat less than three times as long as broad and the distal half is much narrower than the proximal, which has the outer margin a little angular somewhat from the base and the limit between the proximal and the distal part incised and furnished with an outstanding seta. Second joint is, seen from the side, more than twice as long as deep; third joint is somewhat less than twice as long as the second, and its longest terminal setae about as long as the first joint. — Antennae (fig. 5c) of normal length; third joint is distinctly thickened, fourth joint slightly more than twice as long as the penultimate; terminal setse only a little shorter than those of the antennulse.
Chelipeds (fig. 5 c) moderately stout. Basal joint somewhat long, with the posterior protuberance of middle length, rounded behind and reaching to near the front margin of second segment; carpus considerably longer than the basal joint and somewhat less than three times as long as deep. Chela slightly longer than the carpus, about three and a half times as long as broad and with the posterior margin considerably concave; movable finger as long as the anterior margin of the hand and a little narrower than the fixed finger.
Thoracic segments (fig. 5a) show a little difference in breadth. Second segment somewhat more than half as long as the third, anteriorly as broad as, or a little narrower than, the carapace, with the lateral margins somewhat converging to the posterior margin and below a moderately small ventral process curved forwards and originating near the front end. Third, fourth and sixth segments with their lateral margins nearly parallel and the corners rectangular; fifth and sixth segments with the lateral margins diverging a little from the anterior to the posterior end; third segment slightly shorter than the fourth, which is as long as the sixth, a little shorter than the fifth and half as broad again as long. - Thoracic legs of moderate length and thickness. Second pair (fig. 5e) with some- what short setse; sixth joint long, even a little longer than fifth plus half of the fourth; seventh joint with claw slightly longer than fifth joint. Third pair with fourth to sixth joint conspicuously shorter than in second pair; sixth joint only a little shorter than fourth and fifth joints combined, twice or more than twice as long as seventh joint with claw ; setse somewhat short. Three posterior pairs nearly as in T. inaquipes (comp. fig. 9a); second joint about two and a half times as long as broad; fourth joint with a minute tooth; fifth joint a little expanded; sixth joint somewhat slender and almost as long as the two preceding joints combined; seventh joint with claw of middle length.
Abdomen not broader than the posterior part of the thorax but somewhat longer than its two posterior segments combined. — Uropods short (fig. 5d); endopod two-jointed, with the proximal joint a little longer than the distal; the exopod reaches beyond the middle of second joint of the endopod and seems to be one-jointed.
Length of the largest specimen 1.76 mm.
Subadult Male (fig. 5e). Anteiinulae about as long as the carapace and half of the next segment combined, thick; first joint somewhat longer than the two other joints combined, seen from the side somewhat less than three times as long as deep and slightly tapering towards the end;
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 53
second joint about as deep as long; third joint twice as long as second, with the most proximal part feebly thickened below.
Remarks. This species is allied to T. finmarchictts G. O. S. and T. mixtus 11. sp., but differs considerably in the antennulae, which have much longer terminal setae and the first joint in the female very differently shaped; furthermore the exopod of the uropods seems to be one-jointed in T. pro- fundus, while it is distinctly two-jointed in the two other species.
Occurrence. T. profundus has been taken by the "Ingolf" at a single station.
South of the Davis Strait: St. 38: Lat. 59°i2r N., Long. 5i°05'W., 1870 fm., temp. 1.30; 4 spec.
32. Typhlotanais spinicauda u. sp.
(PI. V, figs. 6a— 6 h.)
Female (without marsupium). Body somewhat slender, seven times as long as broad. — Carapace (fig. 6a) somewhat longer than the two following segments combined and considerably longer than broad, seen from above subcylindrical excepting its anterior third, which has the lateral margins converging forwards and distinctly convex; the anterior end almost two-thirds as broad as the base, with the frontal process of moderate size, acute.
Antennulae (figs. 6 a and 6 c) conspicuously shorter than the carapace, somewhat robust. First joint more than half as long again as the two other joints combined, seen from the side little more than three times as long as deep and tapering very moderately; seen from above not quite two and a half times as long as broad and tapering regularly from base to end. Second joint short and slightly longer than deep; third joint nearly three times as long as the second, and its terminal setse seem to be a good deal shorter than the joint. — Antennae of normal length; third joint not thickened; fourth joint twice as long as the penultimate; terminal setse considerably longer than those of the antennulae.
Chelipeds (figs. 6 b and 6d) of moderate length and thickness. Basal joint with the proximal protuberance scarcely as long as deep and its posterior margin not far from the front lower angle of second segment; carpus much longer than the basal joint, a little more than two and a half times as long as deep. Chela small, considerably shorter than the carpus, a little more than three times as long as broad; movable finger as long as the anterior margin of the hand; fixed finger near the base conspicuously broader than the movable.
Thoracic segments, seeu from above, cylindrical with parallel margins. Second segment half as long as the third, with a conspicuous, oblong-triangular, acute, horizontal ventral process originating somewhat behind the front end of the segment (fig. 6 b). Third and fourth segments with their front lateral angles produced in small, acute triangles only visible from the side (fig. 6b). — Thoracic legs short. Second pair (fig. 6e) somewhat slender with the setse short; sixth joint as long as the fifth and half of the fourth combined ; seventh joint with claw a little shorter than sixth joint. Third pair (fig. 6f) considerably shorter and distinctly thicker than the second, with short setae; sixth joint a little shorter than the two preceding joints combined, seventh joint with claw conspicuously more than half as long as sixth joint. Sixth pair (fig. 6g) with the second joint somewhat expanded, slightly more than twice as long as broad; fourth and fifth joints rather broad and fourth joint with a distinct,
ca CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
distal marginal tooth; seventh joint proportionately long, together with the short and thin claw slightly shorter than the sixth joint.
Abdomen at the middle of the hind margin with a short, protruding plate (fig. 6h), and each angle of the plate produced in a spiniform process; the distance between the end of each process and the hind margin is slightly longer than the breadth of the plate. — Uropods moderately long; endopod two-jointed (fig. 6h), with the proximal joint a little longer than the distal and with some minute spines along its inner margin ; exopod a little shorter than the proximal joint of the endopod, two- jointed, with the joints equal in length.
Length of the single specimen 2.0 mm.
Remarks. T. spinicauda is easily distinguished from all other species by the plate with its two spines protruding from the end of abdomen; the uropods are also very characteristic. In several features it is allied to T. finmarchicus G. O. S.
Occurrence. Taken by the "Ingolf" at a single station.
Davis Strait: St. 28: L,at. 650 14' N., Long. 55° 42' W., 420 fm., temp. 3.50; 1 spec.
33. Typhlotanais grandis n. sp. (PL V, figs. 7a— 7 e.)
Specimen without marsupium, probably an immature Male. Very large and somewhat slender, scarcely six and a half times as long as broad, but especially fifth thoracic seg- ment is a good deal more narrow than carapace or abdomen (fig. 7 a). — Carapace large, slightly longer than the two following segments combined and somewhat longer than broad; the lateral margins posteriorly convex but their anterior two-thirds converge nearly regularly to the front angles; the anterior end is a little more than half as broad as the carapace somewhat behind the middle; the rostral process is broad, somewhate short, acute.
Autennulse (fig. 7 b) a little shorter than the carapace. First joint slightly longer than the two other joints combined, slightly more than two and a half times as long as deep and, seen from the side, scarcely tapering, seen from above distinctly and regularly tapering from base to end. Second joint a little deeper than long; third joint long, about three times as long as the second and its proximal fourth distinctly thickened above; terminal setae about as long as third joint. — Antennas of normal length and thickness; third joint scarcely expanded; fourth joint a little more than twice as long as the penultimate joint; terminal setae a little longer than those of the autennulse.
Chelipeds (fig. 7b) moderately robust. Basal joint long with the posterior protuberance even a little longer than deep, rounded behind, but its hind margin is somewhat distant from the front lower angle of second thoracic segment; carpus as long as the basal joint, only twice as long as deep. Chela somewhat longer than carpus, three times as long as broad, with the posterior margin straight; movable finger as long as the front margin of the hand; fixed finger near the base conspicuously broader than the movable and with a small tooth a little from the end of the incisive margin.
Thoracic segments (fig. 7 a) increase much in length and decrease considerably in breadth from second to fifth segment; sixth segment is slightly longer and a little broader than the fifth, much longer
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 55
and somewhat narrower than the seventh. Second segment is about half as long as the third and tapers much in breadth from the anterior to the posterior end; it has a small, oblique ventral process from the lower front end. Third segment with the lateral margins considerably converging from the anterior to the posterior angles. Fourth segment with the lateral margins strongly angular consider- ably before the middle and from these angles converging towards both ends. Fifth segment slightly longer than broad, and its lateral margins strongly angular somewhat behind the middle; sixth seg- ment with the lateral margins strongly angular still nearer the posterior margin; seventh segment in- creases much in breadth from the anterior end to rather near the hind margin. — Thoracic legs moderately long. Second pair (fig. 7 b) with the setse short excepting the seta on the posterior margin of sixth joint; fourth joint somewhat longer than the fifth and as long as the sixth; seventh joint with claw only two-thirds as long as sixth joint. Third pair with fourth joint shorter than the fifth, which is somewhat shorter than the sixth ; fourth joint with some minute spines on the posterior margin, setse on fourth and fifth joints short, distal seta on the anterior side of sixth joint rather long; seventh joint with claw scarcely half as long as sixth joint. Three posterior pairs of legs moderately strong (fig. 7c); second joint about two and a half times as long as broad; fourth joint (fig. 7d) with a row of very short, tooth-shaped, small spines along the distal half of its anterior margin and two much larger spines before the end; fifth joint with a close row of small tooth-shaped spines along the major part of the convex front margin, a similar, curved row on the outer side, and a moderately long, very thick spine at the distal end; sixth joint only a little shorter than the two preceding joints combined, moderately stout, with a large number of quite minute denticles along the anterior part, two moderately long and very thick spines near the end and three much longer terminal spines, two of which with a few strong teeth on the concave margin and the third with a number of denticles along the major distal part of the corresponding margin; seventh joint with claw somewhat short, on seventh pair less than half as long as sixth joint, and both joint and claw with some few denticles on the concave margin.
Abdomen broader than seventh thoracic segment, but scarcely as broad as the second, slightly longer than seventh segment and half of the sixth combined; its hind margin transverse, feebly an- gular at the middle. — Uropods (fig. 7e) moderately long, somewhat slender; endopod with the first joint a little longer than the second; exopod reaches slightly beyond the middle of second joint of the endopod, two-jointed, with second joint about two and a half times as long as the first.
Length of the single specimen 4.18""".
Remarks. T. grandis is much larger than any other species of this genus found by Sars or the "Ingolf", but agrees in this respect with three species established by Dollfus (1897) on specimens taken by the Prince of Monaco. T. grandis is readily distinguished from the three last-named species by various characters (comp. Dollfus' figures) and from all forms seen by me by the peculiar armature of the posterior pairs of legs. In the shape of the thoracic segments T. grandis is somewhat similar to T. irregularis, but differs widely in several other features.
Occurrence. Taken by the "Ingolf at a single station.
South of Iceland: St. 54: Lat. 63°o8' N., Long. i5°4o' W., 691 fm., temp. 3.90; 1 spec.
56
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
34. Typhlotanais plebejus n. sp. (PI. V, figs. 8a-8g.)
Female (without niarsupium). Body slender, almost eight times as long as broad, seen from above cylindrical (fig. 8 a). — Carapace half as long again as broad and nearly longer than second, third and half of the fourth segment combined; the posterior halves of the lateral margins parallel, the anterior halves converging and distinctly convex; the front end somewhat more than half as broad as the carapace and the rostral process moderately developed, acute.
Antennulse short, considerably shorter than the carapace. First joint (fig. 8 b) somewhat longer than the two other joints combined, about three times as long as deep and moderately tapering from somewhat from the base to the end, seen from above nearly regularly tapering and about two and a half times as long as broad. Second joint slightly longer than deep; third joint about three times as long as the second, only moderately slender; terminal setse a little shorter than third joint. — An- tennae somewhat long; third joint conspicuously thickened; fourth joint twice as long as the penul- timate; terminal setse somewhat shorter than those of the antennulse.
Chelipeds (fig. 8c) rather robust. Basal joint very long, because the posterior protuberance is very elongate, more than half as long again as deep; carpus slightly longer than the basal joint, not fully two and a half times as long as deep. Chela somewhat small, somewhat shorter than the carpus and a little less than three times as long as broad, with the posterior margin conspicuously concave; movable finger somewhat shorter than the anterior margin of the hand; fixed finger at the base somewhat broader than the movable, with a low protuberance on the incisive margin a little from the end.
Thoracic segments all rectangular (fig. 8 a), increasing in length from second to fifth and de- creasing from fifth to seventh; second segment slightly shorter than the third, without ventral process; fifth segment considerably longer than the fourth and slightly longer than broad. Thoracic legs
on the whole somewhat short and robust. Second pair (fig. 8d) with fourth joint as long as the sixth joint; all setse short. Third pair (fig. 8e) considerably shorter than second; fifth joint slightly longer than the fourth and not much shorter than the sixth, which is more than twice as long as seventh joint with claw; setse short or moderately short. Fifth pair (fig. 8f) with second joint much expanded, scarcely twice as long as broad; fourth and fifth joints uncommonly broad and short; sixth joint slender and almost as long as fifth and fourth joints combined; seventh joint somewhat long and thin with a fine, curved claw. (Sixth and seventh pairs mutilated).
Abdomen almost as long as seventh, sixth and half of fourth thoracic segment combined. — Uropods somewhat short (fig. 8g); endopod distinctly two-jointed, with the first joint considerably longer than the second; exopod nearly as long as the proximal joint of the endopod, one-jointed.
Length of the single specimen 3.19 nim.
Remarks. T. plebejus is allied to T. cequiremis Lilljeborg and T. assiinilis G. O. S., but it is instantly distinguished from both by shorter chelse, by having the exopod of the uropods one-jointed and especially by the very long posterior protuberance on the basal joint of the chelipeds. By the last-named character it is distinguished from all other species of the genus.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
57
Occurrence. Taken by the "Ingolf" at a single station.
South of the Davis Strait: St. 38: Lat. 590 12' X., Long. 5i°05' W., 1870 fan., temp. 1.30; 1 spec.
35. Typhlotanais inaequipes n. sp. I PL V, figs. 9 a— 9b; PI. VI, figs. 1 a— ic.)
Female (without marsupium). Body slender, a little more than seven times as long as broad, seen from above nearly cylindrical (fig. 1 a). ■ Carapace as long as or a little shorter than the two following segments combined, not fully half as long again as broad; its lateral margins are nearly parallel from the base to near the beginning of their distal third, where they begin to converge more distinctlv; the anterior end is scarcely more than half as broad as the base and the rostral process is middle-sized, acute.
Antenuulse considerably shorter than the carapace (fig. 1 c), somewhat slender. First joint, seen from the side, about or not fully three times as long as deep and tapering somewhat irregularly from somewhat from the base to the end; seen from above the joint (fig. 1 b) is nearly three times as long as broad and tapers nearly regularly; the joint is somewhat or considerably longer than the two other joints combined. Second joint from a little less to a little more than half as long as the third and at most about twice as long as deep; longest terminal seta; distinctly longer than third joint. - An- tenna; of normal length (fig. ic); third joint somewhat thickened; fourth joint at most half as long again as the penultimate; terminal setae about as long as those of the antennulse.
Chelipeds (fig. 1 c) somewhat long but only moderately robust. The basal joint somewhat long, its posterior process large, a little longer than deep with its rounded hind margin considerably distant from the front margin of second thoracic segment; carpus considerably longer than the basal joint, three and a half times as long as deep. Chela a little shorter than the carpus, a little less than four times as long as broad; movable finger a little shorter than the front margin of the hand; fixed finger at the base somewhat thicker than the movable.
Thoracic segments with the lateral margins parallel excepting on second and seventh seg- ments, on which the margins converge feebly respectively from the front angles backwards and from behind forwards. Second segment about two-thirds as long as the third, without ventral process; fifth segment a little longer than the fourth or the sixth and scarcely as long as broad. - Thoracic legs moderately strong. Second pair (fig. ic) quite peculiar; fourth joint very elongate, about two and a half times as long as the fifth; sixth joint slightly more than half as long again as the fifth; seventh joint with claw as long as the fifth; setae short. Third pair normal; fourth and fifth joints subequal in length; sixth joint about half as long again as the fifth and more than twice as long as the seventh with claw; the setse moderately short excepting a somewhat long, distal seta from the side of sixth joint. Three posterior pairs not very characteristic; second joint (fig. 9a) about two and a half times as long as broad; fourth joint with a minute distal tooth; fifth joint slightly broader than the fourth, with one of the margins somewhat convex but without any distinct armature; sixth joint moderately or rather slender, almost as long as the two preceding joints combined, with a minute spine somewhat before the end; seventh joint with claw of middle length.
Abdomen slightly broader than the posterior thoracic segments and scarcely as long as the
The Ingolf-Expedition. III. 5.
58
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
two preceding segments combined. — Uropods somewhat short; endopod (fig. 9b) two-jointed, with the first joint somewhat longer than the second ; exopod reaching about the middle of the distal joint of the endopod, divided by a suture at or slightly beyond the middle and with the proximal part of its long terminal seta quite unusually thick.
Length 2.15 mra.
Remarks. T. inmquipes is easily distinguished from all other species by the peculiarly elongate fourth joint of second thoracic legs. Antenna?, chelipeds and uropods afford various other characters, but the species is on the whole allied to T. mixtus n. sp.
Occurrence. Taken by the "Ingolf" at a single deep-sea station.
Davis Strait: St. 36: Lat. 6i°5o' N., Long. 56°2i' W., 1435 fm., temp. 1.50; 38 spec.
36. Typhlotanais finmarchicus G. O. Sars. (PI. VI, figs. 2 a— 2 b.)
1881. Typhlotanais finmarchicus G. O. Sars, Arch, for Math, og Naturv. B. 7, p. 36. 1896. G. O. Sars, Account Crust. Norway, Vol. II, p. 20; PL IX (Female and
adult Male).
In the last-named work Sars has published a description and numerous figures of this species, which differs from all other forms of the genus, excepting T. mixttis n. sp., by some characters.
The anteunulse (fig. 2a) are shorter than the carapace, their first joint between more than half as long again and a little less than twice as long as the two other joints combined, about three times as long as deep; second joint conspicuously longer than deep; third joint more than twice as long as the second, with the longest terminal seta not fully as long as the joint. Second pair of legs some- what short; sixth joint only a little longer or even shorter than seventh joint with claw. Third pair of legs with fourth and fifth joints uncommonly short in proportion to thickness, each being only about half as long again as broad; seventh joint with claw considerably more than half as long as sixth joint or only a little shorter than this joint.
Sars' figure of the carpus of the chelipeds is not correct, as its greatest depth is not situated at the end of the preceding joint, but much nearer the distal end ; the carpus is between two and a half and two times as long as deep; the movable finger of the chela is a little or slightly shorter than the anterior margin of the hand. Sars' figure of the uropod does not agree with the uropods in my numerous specimens, among which some co-types presented by that author; I have drawn a normal uropod (fig. 2 b) and this figure shows that in the endopod the proximal joint is less than half as long again as the distal, while in Sars' figure the proximal joint is about twice as long as the other: furthermore Sars' figure shows the proximal joint of the exopod to be almost longer than the distal, while I always found (fig. 2 b) the proximal joint conspicuously shorter than the distal. Finally, it may be mentioned that the ventral side of second thoracic segment has frequently a rather small or very small, acute process originating behind the front end of the segment and directed essentially forwards, but sometimes this process could not be found in specimens where it might be expected. — As to all other features I refer to Sars ; the differences between T. finmarchicus and T. mixtus are pointed out below.
***** ******** m***
■■
:
> t I t
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
59
Occurrence. T. finmarchictus has been taken by the "Ingolf" at three localities. West Greenland: Mouth of Ameralik Fjord, at Godthaab, 5—70 fin., shells; 16 spec. Inner end muddy bottom; n spec.
Jan Mayen: St. 115: Lat 70°05'N., Long-. 8° 26' W., 36 fru., temp.0.10; large number of specimens. Furthermore T.finmarchicus has been taken at Iceland by various Zoologists and at Jan Mayen and East Greenland by the second Amdrup Expedition. The localities are given here.
West Iceland: Gnundar Fjord, 11— 12 fm., ooze and stones with a few algae; 2 spec. Mag. W.
Lundbeck. East Iceland: Faskrud Fjord, 20 — 50 fm., blue clay; 7 spec. Mag. R. Horring. — — Nord Fjord, 40 fm.; 1 spec. Mag. R. Horring.
Bakke Fjord, 8 — 10 fm.; black sand; 1 spec. Dr. A. C. Johansen. Jan Mayen: 50 — 60 fm. and 55 fm., 17 spec. II'1 Amdrup Exp. East Greenland: Cape Dalton: Lat. 6o,°24.6'N., ab. Lat. 2372 W., 9 — 11 fm.; 11 spec.
II'1 Amdrup Exp. Turner Sound: Lat. 690 44' N., Long. 2'£\° W., 31'm.; 1 spec. - Sabine Island: Lat. 740 30' N., Long. i9°45' W., 3—5 fm.; 23 spec.
II'1 Amdrup Exp. Distribution. T.Jinmarchiais was previously known from Vadso in Varanger Fjord (North- eastern Norway), where it occurred in 30 fathoms (G. O. Sars), and from Northbrook Island, Franz Joseph Land (Th. Scott). — The list given above shows that it has a wide distribution in the arctic and subarctic areas, while it is not known from the southern and south-western coasts of Iceland or from the Faeroes.
It may be mentioned here that from the "Ingolf" Stat. 104: West of Iceland: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. 70 25' W., 957 fm., temp. -=- r.i°, I have 2 specimens (an immature female aud an immature male), of which especially the characteristic female certainly belongs to T. jinmarckicus, though jud- ging from their occurrence at that deep-sea station it would have been expected that they belonged to the closely allied '/'. mixhis n. sp. It is very improbable that T. finmarchicus, which has been taken at many localities in depths from 3 to 60 fathoms and never in a depth exceeding 86 fathoms, may occur in a depth of nearly a thousand fathoms; therefore I do not venture to insert that single deep-sea station in the list of localities, fearing that some error has been committed in one way or another, but the statement inexplicable at present is mentioned here.
37. Typhlotanais mixtus n. sp. (PL VI, figs. 3a-3f.)
Female. Body slender, about seven times as long as broad, seen from above nearly cylindrical (fig. 3 a). — Carapace somewhat or considerably longer than the two following segments combined, nearly half as long again as broad; lateral margins parallel to near the beginning of their distal third, then converging and distinctly convex; the anterior end not quite two-thirds as broad as the carapace, with the rostral process somewhat long, acute.
•1 -J
1
J
58
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II.
two preceding segments combined. — Uropods somewhat short; endopod (fig. 9b) two-jointed, with the first joint somewhat longer than the second; exopod reaching about the middle of the distal joint of the endopod, divided by a suture at or slightly beyond the middle and with the proximal part of its long terminal seta quite unusually thick.
Length 2.15 mm.
Remarks. T. incequipes is easily distinguished from all other species by the peculiarly elongate fourth joint of second thoracic legs. Antennae, chelipeds and uropods afford various other characters, but the species is on the whole allied to T. mixtus n. sp.
Occurrence. Taken by the "Iugolf" at a single deep-sea station.
Davis Strait: St. 36: Lat. 6i°5o' N., Long. 56°2i' W., 1435 fm., temp. 1.50; 38 spec.
36. Typhlotanais finmarchicus G. O. Sars. (PI. VI, figs. 2 a— 2 b.)
1881. Typhlotanais finmarchicus G. O. Sars, Arch, for Math, og Naturv. B. 7, p. 36. 1896. G. O. Sars, Account Crust. Norway, Vol. II, p. 20; PL IX (Female and
adult Male).
In the last-named work Sars has published a description and numerous figures of this species, which differs from all other forms of the genus, excepting T. mixtus n. sp., by some characters.
The antennulse (fig. 2 a) are shorter than the carapace, their first joint between more than half as long again and a little less than twice as long as the two other joints combined, about three times as long as deep; second joint conspicuously longer than deep; third joint more than twice as long as the second, with the longest terminal seta not fully as long as the joint. Second pair of legs some- what short; sixth joint only a little longer or even shorter than seventh joint with claw. Third pair of legs with fourth and fifth joints uncommonly short in proportion to thickness, each being only about half as long again as broad; seventh joint with claw considerably more than half as long as sixth joint or only a little shorter than this joint.
Sars' figure of the carpus of the chelipeds is not correct, as its greatest depth is not situated at the end of the preceding joint, but much nearer the distal end; the carpus is between two and a half and two times as loug as deep; the movable finger of the chela is a little or slightly shorter than the anterior margin of the hand. Sars' figure of the uropod does not agree with the uropods in my numerous specimens, among which some co-types presented by that author; I have drawn a normal uropod (fig. 2 b) and this figure shows that in the eudopod the proximal joint is less than half as long again as the distal, while in Sars' figure the proximal joint is about twice as long as the other: furthermore Sars' figure shows the proximal joint of the exopod to be almost longer than the distal, while I always found (fig. 2 b) the proximal joint conspicuously shorter than the distal. Finally, it may be mentioned that the ventral side of second thoracic segment has frequently a rather small or very small, acute process originating behind the front end of the segment and directed essentially forwards, but sometimes this process could not be found in specimens where it might be expected. — As to all other features I refer to Sars; the differences between T. finmarchicus and T. mixtus are pointed out below.
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 59
Occurrence. T. jinmarchicus has been taken by the "Ingolf1 at three localities. West Greenland: Mouth of Ameralik Fjord, at Godthaab, 5 — 70 fin., shells; 16 spec.
Inner end — - muddy bottom; n spec.
Jan Mayen: St. 115: Lat. 70°05' N., Long. 8° 26' W., 86 fm., temp. o.i°; large number of specimens. Furthermore T. Jinmarchicus has been taken at Iceland by various Zoologists and at Jan Mayen and East Greenland by the second Amdrup Expedition. The localities are given here.
West Iceland: Gnundar Fjord, 11 — 12 fm., ooze and stones with a few algse; 2 spec. Mag. W.
Lundbeck. East Iceland: Faskrud Fjord, 20 — 50 fm., blue clay; 7 spec. Mag. R. Horring. — Nord Fjord, 40 fm. ; 1 spec. Mag. R. Horring.
Bakke Fjord, 8 — 10 fm. ; black sand; 1 spec. Dr. A. C. Johanseu. Jan Mayen: 50 — 60 fm. and 55 fm., 17 spec. II'1 Amdrup Exp. East Greenland: Cape Dalton: Lat. 6c)024.6'N., ab. Lat. 2372 W., 9 — n fm.; 11 spec.
II1' Amdrup Exp. Turner Sound: Lat. 690 44' N., Long. 23^2° W., 3 fin.; 1 spec. - —
Sabine Island: Lat. 74°3o' N., Long. i9°45' W., 3—5 fm.; 23 spec.
IId Amdrup Exp. Distribution. T. jinmarchicus was previously known from Yadso in Varanger Fjord (North- eastern Norway I, where it occurred in 30 fathoms (G. O. Sars), and from Northbrook Island, Franz Joseph Land (Th. Scott). — The list given above shows that it has a wide distribiition in the arctic and subarctic areas, while it is not known from the southern and south-western coasts of Iceland or from the Faeroes.
It may be mentioned here that from the "Ingolf" Stat. 104: West of Iceland: Lat. 66° 23' N., Long. 70 25' W., 957 fm., temp. -=- r.i°, I have 2 specimens (an immature female and an immature male), of which especially the characteristic female certainly belongs to '/'. fi)i»iarc/iiats, though jud- ging from their occurrence at that deep-sea station it would have been expected that they belonged to the closely allied '/'. mixtus n. sp. It is very improbable that 7'. finmarchicus, which has been taken at many localities in depths from 3 to 60 fathoms and never in a depth exceeding 86 fathoms, may occur in a depth of nearly a thousand fathoms; therefore I do not venture to insert that single deep-sea station in the list of localities, fearing that some error has been committed in one way or another, but the statement inexplicable at present is mentioned here.
37- Typhlotanais mixtus n. sp.
(PI. VI, figs. 3a-3f.)
Female. Body slender, about seven times as long as broad, seen from above nearly cylindrical (fig. 3 a). — Carapace somewhat or considerably longer than the two following segments combined, nearly half as long again as broad; lateral margins parallel to near the beginning of their distal third, then converging and distinctly convex; the anterior end not quite two-thirds as broad as the carapace, with the rostral process somewhat long, acute.
6o CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA II.
Antennulae (figs. 3 a and 3 b) somewhat shorter than the carapace. First joint only somewhat longer than the two other joints combined -- thus proportionately a good deal shorter than in T. fin- marchicus -- seen from the side about three times as long as deep and tapering considerably, seen from above tapering nearly regularly from near the base to the end. Second joint somewhat longer than deep, less than half as long as the third; longest terminal setae considerably shorter than third joint. - Antennae with third joint slightly thickened (fig. 3 b); fourth joint not twice as long as the penultimate; terminal setae almost longer than those of the antennulae.
Chelipeds (fig. 3 b) moderately long. Basal joint moderately long; the posterior protuberance a little longer than deep, and the distance between its hind margin and the front lower angle of second thoracic segment is more than half as long as the joint; carpus rather slightly longer than the basal joint, about three times as long as deep — thus less robust than in T. finmarchicus. Chela as long as the carpus, a little more than three times as long as broad; movable finger somewhat or a little longer than the anterior margin of the hand ; fixed finger distinctly broader than the movable, with a couple of triangular teeth towards the end of the incisive margin.
Thoracic segments (fig. 3 a) with their lateral margins subparallel excepting those of second seg- ment which converge backwards. Second segment about half as long as the third, in females without mar- supium generally with a moderately small or very small ventral process as in T. finmarchicus. Fifth segment slightly longer than the fourth or the sixth and slightly shorter than broad. — Thoracic legs somewhat short and robust. Second pair (fig. 3 b) with fifth joint a little longer than the fourth and not twice as long as deep; sixth joint much longer than the fifth, about as long as or a little longer than seventh joint with claw; setae moderately short. Third pair with fourth and fifth joints short in proportion to thickness; seventh joint with claw considerably more than half as long as the sixth; distal anterior seta on sixth joint moderately long. Three posterior pairs nearly as in T. finmarchicus ; second joint about two and a half times as long as broad ; fourth and fifth joints somewhat broad, each with a distal small spine; sixth joint about as long as fifth and half of the fourth combined; seventh joint somewhat long, together with the fine claw nearly as long as the sixth joint.
Abdomen slightly broader than seventh thoracic segment and about as long as seventh and sixth segments combined. — Uropods (fig. 3 f) moderately short; endopod with the proximal joint some- what longer than the distal; exopod scarcely reaching the middle of the distal joint of the endopod, with the distal joint a little longer than the proximal.
Length of a female with marsupium T.94m"'.
Subadult Male. The antennulae (fig. 3c) considerably thicker than in the female; first joint about two and a half times as long as deep and tapering a little; second joint conspicuously deeper than long; third joint a little thickened below towards the base. — Length 1.9 mm.
Remarks. T.mixtus might perhaps be considered a variety of T. finmarchicus, but according to my judgment it is a separate species; I have learned by experience that even small characters are not infrequently of specific value. T. mixtus differs from T. finmarchicus in having the first joint af the antennulae conspicuously shorter in proportion to the two other joints combined, in having the carpus of the chelipeds less deep in proportion to its length and the movable finger of the chela longer in proportion to the front margin of the hand. — I have been unable to find any difference between
CRUSTACEA MALACOSTRACA. II. 6l
the specimens from 1435 fathoms in the warm area and specimens from depths ranging between 495 and 1060 fathoms in the cold area, and must therefore refer them all to the same species.
Occurrence. T.mixtus has been taken by the "Ingolf" at ten deep-sea stations, with a single exception in the cold area.
Davis Strait: St. 36: Lat. 6i°5o' N, Long. 56° 21' W., 1435 fm., temp. 1.50; 6 spec.
North of the Fseroes : St. 141 : Lat. 630 22' N., Long. 6° 58' W-, 679 fm., temp. -f- o.6° ; 8 spec. — - - St. 139: Lat. 63° 36' N., Long. 7°3o'W., 702